中国利用对外直接投资规避反倾销规避反倾销壁垒的路径选择
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摘要
随着国际经济总体形势的不景气和国际贸易保护主义势力的抬头,我国遭遇到了越来越严峻的反倾销形式。对此,许多企业纷纷采取措施,除了利用世贸组织有关法律武器维护自己的利益外,许多企业积极走出国门,实施海外营销战略,规避贸易壁垒。不可否认,对外直接投资的确是一条有效规避贸易壁垒的措施,但是由于我国企业在对外投资中还存在着很大的盲目性,对外直接投资与规避反倾销的因果关系还有待商榷。如何利用对外直接投资,使我国企业获得规避反倾销利益最大化是一个很值得研究的课题。
本文首先综述相关理论,并以我国的对外直接投资为基本研究对象,从宏观和微观的角度分析我国企业进行跨越反倾销的对外直接投资的可行性,然后分析我国遭受国外反倾销调查的基本现状和我国对外直接投资的基本问题,接着通过格兰杰因果检验分析我国对外直接投资与遭受反倾销调查的因果关系。结果发现,我国的对外直接投资与我国遭受的反倾销调查存在因果关系。在此基础上,通过对外直接投资的主体、产业和区位三个方面的选择提出了中国企业对外直接投资的规避路径,即以民营企业为投资主体,对目标国和第三国的劳动密集性产业和技术密集型产业做出不同的投资决策。劳动密集型产业通过生产转移路径规避反倾销,技术密集型产业则通过技术获取型投资路径规避反倾销。
China suffered with more and more anti-dumping accusation since the world economic has been declining and the trade protectionism forces are gaining ground. In response, many companies have taken measures, in addition to seeking related law of WTO to safeguard its own interests, many enterprises invest to foreign country directly and implement the overseas marketing strategy to avoid trade barriers. It is undeniable that foreign direct investment is indeed an effective measure to avoid trade barriers, but because of China's foreign investment is still existing a lot of blindness, the relationship between foreign direct investment and anti-dumping accusation is ambiguous. How to make use of direct foreign investment to avoid anti-dumping accusation and maximize the company’s benefits is a very worthy of study subject.
Firstly, this paper summarizes the correlated theory and then makes feasibility analysis of avoiding anti-dumping by FDI based on the research of China's foreign direct investment from the perspective of macro-and micro-economic. And analysis of the situation of anti-dumping accusation faced by China and the situation of China's foreign direct investment. Then focus on the consequence of China's foreign direct investment and anti-dumping accusation by establish of Granger Test. The results showed that China's foreign direct investment and the anti-dumping accusation have a causal relationship. On this basis, through choose of main body, industry and location by the Chinese enterprises to give my suggestion to avoid anti-dumping accusation by foreign direct investment. Namely make the private enterprises as the investors and make different investment decisions between the target countries and third countries of the labor-intensive industries and technology-intensive industries.
本文首先综述相关理论,并以我国的对外直接投资为基本研究对象,从宏观和微观的角度分析我国企业进行跨越反倾销的对外直接投资的可行性,然后分析我国遭受国外反倾销调查的基本现状和我国对外直接投资的基本问题,接着通过格兰杰因果检验分析我国对外直接投资与遭受反倾销调查的因果关系。结果发现,我国的对外直接投资与我国遭受的反倾销调查存在因果关系。在此基础上,通过对外直接投资的主体、产业和区位三个方面的选择提出了中国企业对外直接投资的规避路径,即以民营企业为投资主体,对目标国和第三国的劳动密集性产业和技术密集型产业做出不同的投资决策。劳动密集型产业通过生产转移路径规避反倾销,技术密集型产业则通过技术获取型投资路径规避反倾销。
China suffered with more and more anti-dumping accusation since the world economic has been declining and the trade protectionism forces are gaining ground. In response, many companies have taken measures, in addition to seeking related law of WTO to safeguard its own interests, many enterprises invest to foreign country directly and implement the overseas marketing strategy to avoid trade barriers. It is undeniable that foreign direct investment is indeed an effective measure to avoid trade barriers, but because of China's foreign investment is still existing a lot of blindness, the relationship between foreign direct investment and anti-dumping accusation is ambiguous. How to make use of direct foreign investment to avoid anti-dumping accusation and maximize the company’s benefits is a very worthy of study subject.
Firstly, this paper summarizes the correlated theory and then makes feasibility analysis of avoiding anti-dumping by FDI based on the research of China's foreign direct investment from the perspective of macro-and micro-economic. And analysis of the situation of anti-dumping accusation faced by China and the situation of China's foreign direct investment. Then focus on the consequence of China's foreign direct investment and anti-dumping accusation by establish of Granger Test. The results showed that China's foreign direct investment and the anti-dumping accusation have a causal relationship. On this basis, through choose of main body, industry and location by the Chinese enterprises to give my suggestion to avoid anti-dumping accusation by foreign direct investment. Namely make the private enterprises as the investors and make different investment decisions between the target countries and third countries of the labor-intensive industries and technology-intensive industries.
引文
[1] A.Smith .Strategic Investment, Multinational Corporations and Trade Policy. European Economic Review.1987
[2] Blonigen, Bruce and Robert Feenstra. Protectionist Threats and Foreign Direct Investment. University of Chicago Press.1997
[3] Belderbos.R A.The Role of Investment in Europe in the Globalization Strategy of Japanese Electronics Firms. Japanese Firms in Europe. Harwood Academic Publishers.1995
[4] Blonigen.B A.,Y.Ohno. Endogenous Protection, Foreign Direct Investment and Protection—Building Trade. Journal of International Economics.1998
[5] Belderbos.R. Antidumping Duties, Undertakings and Foreign Direct Investment in EU. European Economic Review.2004
[6] Barrel, Ray and Nigel Pain. Trade Restraints and Japanese Direct Investment Flows. European Economic Review.1999
[7] Davies, Stephen W. and Anthony J. McGuinness. Dumping at Less Than Marginal Cost. Journal of International Economies.1982
[8] H.Vandenbussche.How can Japanese and Central European Exporters to the European Union Avoid Antidumping Duties.World Competition.1995,(18): 56-73
[9] J.Campa,S.Dennenfeld and S.Weber. Market Structure and Foreign Direct Investment. Review of International Economics.1998
[10] J.M.Stopford, L.T.Wells. Managing the Multinational Enterprise. New York Basic Books,1972:107-117
[11] J.Levinsohn. Strategic Trade Policy when Firms can Invest Abroad: When are Tariffs and Quotas Equivalent Journal of International Economics. 1989(27):129-146
[12] Keith Head, John Ries. Heterogeneity and the FDI versus Export Decision of Japanese Manufacturers. NBER Working Paper.2003
[13] Marzia, Raybaudi and Sassilia.Economic Geography and Multinational Enterprise.Review of International Economic. 1998
[14] S.Girma, D.Greenaway and K.Wakefin .Antidumping, Trade Barriers andJapanese Direct Investment in the UK. Research Paper, School of Economies. University of Nottingham .1999
[15]毕海霞.我国对外直接投资的问题及对策分析.金融教学与研究,2007,(4):20-22
[16]保罗.克鲁格曼、茅瑞斯.奥伯斯法尔德.国际经济学.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998,134-136
[17]柴庆春.我国对外直接投资的现状及问题分析.国际贸易,2008,(1):49-53
[18]龚家友,腾玉华.中国反倾销实施中的投资跨越效应分析.华东经济管理,2005,(8):72-75
[19]胡麦秀,周延云.跨越反倾销壁垒与引致的对外直接投资研究.宁夏大学学报,2005,(3):87-95
[20]胡麦秀.贸易保护壁垒与对外直接投资关系的最新研究进展.宁夏社会科学,2006,(1):59-63
[21]焦知岳.关于以FDI方式规避国外反倾销的理论思考.中国经济评论,2004,(11):40-46
[22]李建萍.中国对外直接投资的出口效应分析.石家庄经济学院学报,2007,(2):77-81
[23]刘爱东,刘悦.对华反倾销国别和案件的聚集统计分析.商业研究,2008,(1):105-107
[24]刘岚.我国对外投资与反倾销现状及对策.当代经济,2006,(9):84-85
[25]梁曙霞.国际直接投资与国际贸易的关联性.世界经济与政治论坛,2003,(6):47-49
[26]卢建锋.论我国民营企业对外投资的优势与策略.合肥学院学报,2007,(11):115-117
[27]任慧.反倾销引致对外直接投资及其根源探析.特区经济,2006,(6):173-175
[28]史恩义.我国利用对外直接投资反倾销的可行性.山西财经大学学报,2007,(6):30-34
[29]隋维林.倾销、反倾销的经济学分析及对策研究.甘肃农业,2005,(15):105-105
[30]唐凌,李春杰.反倾销与中国企业对外直接投资浅析.工业技术经济,2003,(3):91-99
[31]王仁祥,齐丽娟.民营企业在我国对外直接投资中的地位分析.科技管理研究,2005,(5):17-19
[32]王晓辉.对外投资与规避反倾销.商业研究,2004,(11):13-15
[33]王迎新.论海外直接投资与贸易的关系.财贸经济,2003,(1):80-85
[34]吴国松.中国反倾销对华直接投资相关性实证分析.山东纺织经济,2007,(6):3-9
[35]杨志远,冯德连.隐性倾销研究.国际经贸探索,2007,(7):53-56
[36]杨芬.谈我国对外直接投资方式的选择.经济论坛,2007,(20):66-73
[37]衣长军,苏志芳.我国企业对外直接投资的绩效评价与主体分析.国际经贸探索,2008,(1):38-43
[38]祝福云,冯宗宪.我国反倾销调查与外商在华直接投资研究.财贸研究, 2006,(6):29-35
[39]张汉林等.世贸组织体系下国际反倾销形势及我国的策略.对外经贸大学福耀反倾销研究中心,2002,(12)
[40]张爱华.积极应对国际贸易新壁垒——反规避措施.黑龙江对外经贸,2007,(1):37-39
[41]张菀沼.入世后中国进口反倾销与外资政策的潜在冲突与应对策略.浙江学刊,2004,(6):152-156
[42]张菀沼.反倾销对东道国FDI进入方式及流量的影响.数量经济技术经济研究,2006,(11):79-86
[43]张二震.国际贸易和国际投资相互关系的研究述评.经济学研究,2004,(5):23-25
[44]朱廷君.国际贸易与国际直接投资理论的融合轨迹.兰州商学院学报,2003,(2):5-9
[45]朱华斌.FDI与GDP及国际贸易相关性的实证研究.财经问题研究,2007,(1):89-97
[46]赵春明,谭帙浩.论反倾销对对外直接投资的影响及其启示.甘肃社会科学,2006,(4):51-55
[2] Blonigen, Bruce and Robert Feenstra. Protectionist Threats and Foreign Direct Investment. University of Chicago Press.1997
[3] Belderbos.R A.The Role of Investment in Europe in the Globalization Strategy of Japanese Electronics Firms. Japanese Firms in Europe. Harwood Academic Publishers.1995
[4] Blonigen.B A.,Y.Ohno. Endogenous Protection, Foreign Direct Investment and Protection—Building Trade. Journal of International Economics.1998
[5] Belderbos.R. Antidumping Duties, Undertakings and Foreign Direct Investment in EU. European Economic Review.2004
[6] Barrel, Ray and Nigel Pain. Trade Restraints and Japanese Direct Investment Flows. European Economic Review.1999
[7] Davies, Stephen W. and Anthony J. McGuinness. Dumping at Less Than Marginal Cost. Journal of International Economies.1982
[8] H.Vandenbussche.How can Japanese and Central European Exporters to the European Union Avoid Antidumping Duties.World Competition.1995,(18): 56-73
[9] J.Campa,S.Dennenfeld and S.Weber. Market Structure and Foreign Direct Investment. Review of International Economics.1998
[10] J.M.Stopford, L.T.Wells. Managing the Multinational Enterprise. New York Basic Books,1972:107-117
[11] J.Levinsohn. Strategic Trade Policy when Firms can Invest Abroad: When are Tariffs and Quotas Equivalent Journal of International Economics. 1989(27):129-146
[12] Keith Head, John Ries. Heterogeneity and the FDI versus Export Decision of Japanese Manufacturers. NBER Working Paper.2003
[13] Marzia, Raybaudi and Sassilia.Economic Geography and Multinational Enterprise.Review of International Economic. 1998
[14] S.Girma, D.Greenaway and K.Wakefin .Antidumping, Trade Barriers andJapanese Direct Investment in the UK. Research Paper, School of Economies. University of Nottingham .1999
[15]毕海霞.我国对外直接投资的问题及对策分析.金融教学与研究,2007,(4):20-22
[16]保罗.克鲁格曼、茅瑞斯.奥伯斯法尔德.国际经济学.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998,134-136
[17]柴庆春.我国对外直接投资的现状及问题分析.国际贸易,2008,(1):49-53
[18]龚家友,腾玉华.中国反倾销实施中的投资跨越效应分析.华东经济管理,2005,(8):72-75
[19]胡麦秀,周延云.跨越反倾销壁垒与引致的对外直接投资研究.宁夏大学学报,2005,(3):87-95
[20]胡麦秀.贸易保护壁垒与对外直接投资关系的最新研究进展.宁夏社会科学,2006,(1):59-63
[21]焦知岳.关于以FDI方式规避国外反倾销的理论思考.中国经济评论,2004,(11):40-46
[22]李建萍.中国对外直接投资的出口效应分析.石家庄经济学院学报,2007,(2):77-81
[23]刘爱东,刘悦.对华反倾销国别和案件的聚集统计分析.商业研究,2008,(1):105-107
[24]刘岚.我国对外投资与反倾销现状及对策.当代经济,2006,(9):84-85
[25]梁曙霞.国际直接投资与国际贸易的关联性.世界经济与政治论坛,2003,(6):47-49
[26]卢建锋.论我国民营企业对外投资的优势与策略.合肥学院学报,2007,(11):115-117
[27]任慧.反倾销引致对外直接投资及其根源探析.特区经济,2006,(6):173-175
[28]史恩义.我国利用对外直接投资反倾销的可行性.山西财经大学学报,2007,(6):30-34
[29]隋维林.倾销、反倾销的经济学分析及对策研究.甘肃农业,2005,(15):105-105
[30]唐凌,李春杰.反倾销与中国企业对外直接投资浅析.工业技术经济,2003,(3):91-99
[31]王仁祥,齐丽娟.民营企业在我国对外直接投资中的地位分析.科技管理研究,2005,(5):17-19
[32]王晓辉.对外投资与规避反倾销.商业研究,2004,(11):13-15
[33]王迎新.论海外直接投资与贸易的关系.财贸经济,2003,(1):80-85
[34]吴国松.中国反倾销对华直接投资相关性实证分析.山东纺织经济,2007,(6):3-9
[35]杨志远,冯德连.隐性倾销研究.国际经贸探索,2007,(7):53-56
[36]杨芬.谈我国对外直接投资方式的选择.经济论坛,2007,(20):66-73
[37]衣长军,苏志芳.我国企业对外直接投资的绩效评价与主体分析.国际经贸探索,2008,(1):38-43
[38]祝福云,冯宗宪.我国反倾销调查与外商在华直接投资研究.财贸研究, 2006,(6):29-35
[39]张汉林等.世贸组织体系下国际反倾销形势及我国的策略.对外经贸大学福耀反倾销研究中心,2002,(12)
[40]张爱华.积极应对国际贸易新壁垒——反规避措施.黑龙江对外经贸,2007,(1):37-39
[41]张菀沼.入世后中国进口反倾销与外资政策的潜在冲突与应对策略.浙江学刊,2004,(6):152-156
[42]张菀沼.反倾销对东道国FDI进入方式及流量的影响.数量经济技术经济研究,2006,(11):79-86
[43]张二震.国际贸易和国际投资相互关系的研究述评.经济学研究,2004,(5):23-25
[44]朱廷君.国际贸易与国际直接投资理论的融合轨迹.兰州商学院学报,2003,(2):5-9
[45]朱华斌.FDI与GDP及国际贸易相关性的实证研究.财经问题研究,2007,(1):89-97
[46]赵春明,谭帙浩.论反倾销对对外直接投资的影响及其启示.甘肃社会科学,2006,(4):51-55