多元化战略对企业绩效的影响机制研究
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摘要
在市场竞争日趋激烈的环境下,很多中国企业为了分散风险、提高收益,在多个行业开展多元化扩张；同时,伴随着中国经济开放程度的进一步加深,越来越多的本土企业开始向国际市场进军。本文从技术学习的视角出发,紧密围绕中国企业的实际,综合运用文献研究、大样本统计分析等一系列研究方法,使用SPSS 16.0等统计分析软件,剖析业务多元化、区域多元化通过技术学习影响企业绩效的作用机制,帮助企业选择正确的多元化战略谋求更大的发展空间,并在新业务或新市场的扩张中提升技术能力,最终提高企业绩效。因此,本文的研究具有较为深刻的现实和理论意义。
本文研究的主要结论如下：
(1)相关业务多元化和区域多元化有利于企业的技术学习。相关多元化的企业在业务多元化过程中,通过接触新市场、新观念、新文化、合作者资源和新的竞争者等提供技术学习机会,学习效应更加显著,保证学习的有效性,为形成新的核心能力提供知识基础,极大地提升技术学习的效率和效果。同时,区域多元化也能促进技术学习,推动技术和能力的发展,帮助企业形成竞争优势。区域多元化可以接触到来自多个市场和文化视角不同的新观念,接触多样化的环境有利于系统的开放性和促进技术学习。
(2)正式的知识整合可以帮助企业在国际运营中完成更广泛、更深层和更快速的技术学习。知识整合有利于结合不同的技术技能,扩宽企业的技术学习情景,迫使管理者探讨如何通过从不同市场上获取的知识克服组织缺陷,跟员工分享所学知识,同时鼓励管理者快速地认可和内化从多元化战略中获取的技术知识。
(3)技术学习可以提高企业的业绩。企业通过技术学习获取重要的知识,这些知识可以用来设计并提供更加多元化的创新产品,提供差异化的高品质产品,以及快速将产品推出市场,因此这些企业能获得更高的财务绩效。
(4)业务多元化相关性和区域多元化除了通过技术学习对企业绩效有间接的影响作用,还直接对企业绩效有显著的正向影响作用,这为多元化战略和企业绩效的关系提供了有力的实证证据。
With the increasing highly market competition, many Chinese companies diversified into several industries in order to reduce risk and increase revenue; at the same time, with the greater degree of the Chinese economic open-up, more and more local firms begin to expand into international market. From the perspective of technological learning, following closely the reality of Chinese enterprises, this dissertation integratedly use a series of research methods such as literature review, large sample statistics and use statistical analysis software SPSS 16.0 to analyse the impact of product diversification and geographic diversification on firm performance based on the mediation of technological learning; in order to help Chinese companies to select the right diversification strategy to seek greater development, and enhancing the technological capability in new business or new expansion markets, and ultimately improve firm performance. Therefore, this research has profound practical and theoretical significance.
The conclusion of this research as follow：
(1) Related diversification can improve technological learning. In the diversification process, business-related enterprises ensure more significant learning effective and efficiency by access to new markets, new ideas, new culture and new competitors, partners and other resources to provide technological learning opportunities, and provide knowledge base for new core competency. On the other hand, geographic diversification can also promote technological learning, and promote the development of technology and capability to help enterprises to build a competitive advantage. Geographic diversification can reach the new ideas and thoughts from different markets and cultural perspectives, which benefit the system openness and promote technological learning.
(2) Formal knowledge integration can help company to complete more broad, deeper and faster technological learning in the international operations. Knowledge integration is conducive to a combination of different technological skills, broaden their technological learning scenarios, force managers to explore how to overcome the organizational defect by the knowledge cultivated from different markets, share what they have learned with other employees, and to encourage managers to quickly recognize and internalize technological knowledge obtained from the diversification strategy.
(3) Technological learning can improve the firm performance. Enterprises get important business knowledge through technological learning, which can be used to design and provide more diversified and innovative products; provide differentiated high-quality products, and quickly promote products to market, therefore, these companies can achieve higher financial performance.
(4) Product diversification and regional diversification directly related to firm performance besides the indirectly influence based on the mediation of technological learning, which provides a strong empirical evidence for the relationship between diversification strategy and firm performance.
本文研究的主要结论如下：
(1)相关业务多元化和区域多元化有利于企业的技术学习。相关多元化的企业在业务多元化过程中,通过接触新市场、新观念、新文化、合作者资源和新的竞争者等提供技术学习机会,学习效应更加显著,保证学习的有效性,为形成新的核心能力提供知识基础,极大地提升技术学习的效率和效果。同时,区域多元化也能促进技术学习,推动技术和能力的发展,帮助企业形成竞争优势。区域多元化可以接触到来自多个市场和文化视角不同的新观念,接触多样化的环境有利于系统的开放性和促进技术学习。
(2)正式的知识整合可以帮助企业在国际运营中完成更广泛、更深层和更快速的技术学习。知识整合有利于结合不同的技术技能,扩宽企业的技术学习情景,迫使管理者探讨如何通过从不同市场上获取的知识克服组织缺陷,跟员工分享所学知识,同时鼓励管理者快速地认可和内化从多元化战略中获取的技术知识。
(3)技术学习可以提高企业的业绩。企业通过技术学习获取重要的知识,这些知识可以用来设计并提供更加多元化的创新产品,提供差异化的高品质产品,以及快速将产品推出市场,因此这些企业能获得更高的财务绩效。
(4)业务多元化相关性和区域多元化除了通过技术学习对企业绩效有间接的影响作用,还直接对企业绩效有显著的正向影响作用,这为多元化战略和企业绩效的关系提供了有力的实证证据。
With the increasing highly market competition, many Chinese companies diversified into several industries in order to reduce risk and increase revenue; at the same time, with the greater degree of the Chinese economic open-up, more and more local firms begin to expand into international market. From the perspective of technological learning, following closely the reality of Chinese enterprises, this dissertation integratedly use a series of research methods such as literature review, large sample statistics and use statistical analysis software SPSS 16.0 to analyse the impact of product diversification and geographic diversification on firm performance based on the mediation of technological learning; in order to help Chinese companies to select the right diversification strategy to seek greater development, and enhancing the technological capability in new business or new expansion markets, and ultimately improve firm performance. Therefore, this research has profound practical and theoretical significance.
The conclusion of this research as follow：
(1) Related diversification can improve technological learning. In the diversification process, business-related enterprises ensure more significant learning effective and efficiency by access to new markets, new ideas, new culture and new competitors, partners and other resources to provide technological learning opportunities, and provide knowledge base for new core competency. On the other hand, geographic diversification can also promote technological learning, and promote the development of technology and capability to help enterprises to build a competitive advantage. Geographic diversification can reach the new ideas and thoughts from different markets and cultural perspectives, which benefit the system openness and promote technological learning.
(2) Formal knowledge integration can help company to complete more broad, deeper and faster technological learning in the international operations. Knowledge integration is conducive to a combination of different technological skills, broaden their technological learning scenarios, force managers to explore how to overcome the organizational defect by the knowledge cultivated from different markets, share what they have learned with other employees, and to encourage managers to quickly recognize and internalize technological knowledge obtained from the diversification strategy.
(3) Technological learning can improve the firm performance. Enterprises get important business knowledge through technological learning, which can be used to design and provide more diversified and innovative products; provide differentiated high-quality products, and quickly promote products to market, therefore, these companies can achieve higher financial performance.
(4) Product diversification and regional diversification directly related to firm performance besides the indirectly influence based on the mediation of technological learning, which provides a strong empirical evidence for the relationship between diversification strategy and firm performance.
引文
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