莆田枇杷产业化策略研究
摘要
枇杷,是中国国南方特有的珍稀水果,栽培历史悠久。于中国,其栽培历史已有两千多年。从世界水果市场范围看,它还是类属于小果种。在中国,目前枇杷产地主要集中于四川、福建、浙江以及台湾等几个省份。其中以福建产量最大,约占全国产量的一半,而莆田枇杷的产量则约为全国总产量的四分之一。因为枇杷的上市季节较早,又具有较高的营养价值,因此其鲜果加工制品市场广阔,其售价远高于其他一般水果,具有不可估量的经济价值。加入WTO,标志着我国全面走向开放,正逐步融入全球经济一体化的潮流。作为中国具有优势的枇杷产业面临着国内、国际两个市场的竞争。枇杷产业化是近年来才出现的一种农业生产经营组织形式,是枇杷经营制度的又一次创新。枇杷产业化是一种对枇杷进行一体化、产销一条龙的经营方式和产业组织模式,在这种经营模式中,市场和经营时效益是中心,龙头组织的带动和科技进步是关键,在此基础上实行专业化生产、社会化的服务,企业式的管理,并形成区域化的结构布局。
本研究在进行资料调查和数据整理的基础上,对世界上主要的枇杷产区和中国的枇杷产区的的枇杷生产、栽培、经营管理等情况进行概括分析。进而详细分析了莆田市批把产业化在种植品种、栽培技术、资金投入、经济效益等方面的情况,认为莆田枇杷生产已经达到一定规模,并存在一些产业化的特征,但仍存在问题,进而提出如何进一步完善其产业化的对策。主要包括政府的宏观调控、管理制度和服务体系建设；行业协会的建设,包括国内外市场在内的营销网络建设；“环保农业”和“可持续农业”的推广、“设施农业”的试办；提倡优质化、标准化、规范化的管理；建设延伸产业和配套产业。最后得出结论：基于现在枇杷较为稳定的市场情况以及莆田市明显的地理资源优势,莆田枇杷产业化的前景广阔。但是还是需要做好各方面的工作。
Loquat is rare fruit in south China, cultivated for a long history. Originating in China, there are at least 2000 years of cultivation history. Loquat is still kind of small fruit species, and cultivated only in a few provinces in the south of the Yangtze River in China, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang and Taiwan, and Fujian is the main growing provinces, Fujian is the largest output, accounting for about half of national output, while Putian loquat production is about a quarter of the national total. Because the loquat' listing season is earlier, but also has a high nutritional value, so the fruit processed products has a huge market, its price is much higher than other ordinary fruit, with incalculable economic value.
It is a symbol that China is totally opened and involving into a tendency of global economic integrating after she joined WTO. As China has the advantage of loquat industry, loquat industry is facing competition in markets at home and abroad. Loquat industrialization is one organizing way of loquat production and management, which is a new-type mannagement in recent years and is an innovation of the system of loquat industry management. Loquat industrialized management is based on market-oriented and focus on efficiency, relying on the leading industrial science and technology driven, loquat industry and economy of the implementation of regional distribution, professional production, integration, management, social services, and enterprise management forming a kind of economic management methods and forms of industrial organization which connects agriculture and industry,production and selling.
Surveying data and related data management, this paper analysises loquat growing areas of cultivation, production, management position in the world's approved the production area and the Chinese's, and then analysises granted to the industrialization of planting varieties, cultivation techniques, capital investment, economic efficiency and so on of Putian City, that loquat production in Putian has reached a certain scale, with some features of industrialization, but questions still exsist,and then propose ways to improve its industrial solutions,mainly including the government's macro regulation and control, management system and service system; trade associations'construction;, domestic and international markets, sales and marketing network construction; "green agriculture" and "sustainable agriculture" is being promoted, "Facilities Agriculture" of the pilot; to promote high quality, standardization, standardization management;
construction of an extension of industry and supporting industries.
In the end it concludes that, prospects of Putian loquat industrialization is good based on the stable loquat market conditions and the obvious geographical and resources advantages in Putian,. But still needs to do work well of all aspects.
本研究在进行资料调查和数据整理的基础上,对世界上主要的枇杷产区和中国的枇杷产区的的枇杷生产、栽培、经营管理等情况进行概括分析。进而详细分析了莆田市批把产业化在种植品种、栽培技术、资金投入、经济效益等方面的情况,认为莆田枇杷生产已经达到一定规模,并存在一些产业化的特征,但仍存在问题,进而提出如何进一步完善其产业化的对策。主要包括政府的宏观调控、管理制度和服务体系建设；行业协会的建设,包括国内外市场在内的营销网络建设；“环保农业”和“可持续农业”的推广、“设施农业”的试办；提倡优质化、标准化、规范化的管理；建设延伸产业和配套产业。最后得出结论：基于现在枇杷较为稳定的市场情况以及莆田市明显的地理资源优势,莆田枇杷产业化的前景广阔。但是还是需要做好各方面的工作。
Loquat is rare fruit in south China, cultivated for a long history. Originating in China, there are at least 2000 years of cultivation history. Loquat is still kind of small fruit species, and cultivated only in a few provinces in the south of the Yangtze River in China, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang and Taiwan, and Fujian is the main growing provinces, Fujian is the largest output, accounting for about half of national output, while Putian loquat production is about a quarter of the national total. Because the loquat' listing season is earlier, but also has a high nutritional value, so the fruit processed products has a huge market, its price is much higher than other ordinary fruit, with incalculable economic value.
It is a symbol that China is totally opened and involving into a tendency of global economic integrating after she joined WTO. As China has the advantage of loquat industry, loquat industry is facing competition in markets at home and abroad. Loquat industrialization is one organizing way of loquat production and management, which is a new-type mannagement in recent years and is an innovation of the system of loquat industry management. Loquat industrialized management is based on market-oriented and focus on efficiency, relying on the leading industrial science and technology driven, loquat industry and economy of the implementation of regional distribution, professional production, integration, management, social services, and enterprise management forming a kind of economic management methods and forms of industrial organization which connects agriculture and industry,production and selling.
Surveying data and related data management, this paper analysises loquat growing areas of cultivation, production, management position in the world's approved the production area and the Chinese's, and then analysises granted to the industrialization of planting varieties, cultivation techniques, capital investment, economic efficiency and so on of Putian City, that loquat production in Putian has reached a certain scale, with some features of industrialization, but questions still exsist,and then propose ways to improve its industrial solutions,mainly including the government's macro regulation and control, management system and service system; trade associations'construction;, domestic and international markets, sales and marketing network construction; "green agriculture" and "sustainable agriculture" is being promoted, "Facilities Agriculture" of the pilot; to promote high quality, standardization, standardization management;
construction of an extension of industry and supporting industries.
In the end it concludes that, prospects of Putian loquat industrialization is good based on the stable loquat market conditions and the obvious geographical and resources advantages in Putian,. But still needs to do work well of all aspects.
引文
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[3]生秀东.20世纪90年代农业产业化研究的理论进展[J].中州学刊,2001(6)：123.
[4]郭建宇.农业产业化研究的国际比较：一个文献综述[J].生产力研究,2007(8)：148,150.
[5]侯军岐.论农业产业化的组织形式与农民利益的保护[J].农业经济问题,2003(2)：51.
[6]邓培军.我国农业产业化研究综述[J].边疆经济与文化,2009(2)：30.
[7]吴汉珠,周永年.枇杷无公害栽培技术[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2003：1,5-8.
[8]黄金松.如何提高福建龙眼、枇杷的经济效益[J].福建农业科技,2003(1)：4.
[9]林建成.莆田市枇杷果业发展现状及对策[J].莆田学院学报,2003,10(3)：85-86.
[10]冯健君.宁海枇杷生产现状及产业化发展对策[J].中国南方果树,2003,32(1)：27.
[11]胡又厘,林顺权.世界枇杷研究与生产[J].世界农业,2002(1)：18-20.
[12]林顺权.西班牙的枇杷生产与科研[J].莆田学院学报,2001(6)：69-70.
[13]林顺权.日本的枇杷生产与科研[J].中国南方果树,1998,27(5)：31-31.
[14]赖钟雄.枇杷良种及栽培关键技术[M].北京：中国三峡出版社,2006：2.
[15]吴万兴,孙升辉.枇杷[M].杨凌：西北农林科技大学出版社,2003：9.
[16]蒋际谋.枇杷优质栽培百问百答[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2006：4.
[17]吴锦程.枇杷的生产与科研[J].莆田学院学报,2004,11(3)：31-32.
[18]张玉,王建清.枇杷的营养及功能成分研究[J].食品科学,2005(9)：603.
[19]海峡都市报. 莆田枇杷缘何名扬四海[EB/OL]. (2006-5-09) [2010-3-10] http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20060509/0323679707.shtml.
[20]林建成.莆田市枇杷果业发展现状及对策[J].莆田学院学报,2003,10(3)：85-86.
[21]陈素钦.莆田县龙眼生产合理布局研究[J].福建地理,1998(13)：39-44.
[22]祁芳斌,陈伟建.原产地理标志产品“莆田枇杷”认证的技术依据[J].福建热作科技,2006,31卷(3)：9.
[23]陈洪武.抓住农业产业化促农民奔小康[J].发展研究,2003(9)：64.
[24]翔空.莆田出“三招”解决枇杷卖难[J].柑桔与亚热带果树信息,2003,19(4)：21.
[25]央视国际网络.福建：莆田枇杷成为农民增收主渠道[EB/OL].(2001-5-14)[2010-3-10], http://www.ahnw.gov.cn/2006nwkx/html/200105/%7B4BB4CB6E-07E2-4293-B3FF-CFB49D2A8384%7D.shtml
[26]陈向平,林秀萍.仙游县枇杷产业现状及可持续发展对策[J].福建农业科技,2008(1)：85-86.
[27]怢名. 莆田枇杷产业期待闯难关[EB/OL]. (2006-6-2) [2010-3-10], http://www.3552808.com/newweb/Bhtm/?21-7668. htm
[28]曾梅军.福建莆田枇杷生长条件与合理布局分析[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(19)：98.
[29]陈玉珍.莆田市果树冻害调查分析[J].福建果树,2004(4)：11-12.
[30]黄金松.如何提高福建龙眼、枇杷的经济效益[J].福建农业科技,2003(1)：4.
[31]刑志安.推进农业产业化政府要有新作为[J].经济论坛,2003(8)：62.
[32]张润君.我国农业产业化研究论纲[J].西北大学报,2002,39(3)：70.
[33]吴国雄.枇杷产业社会化服务体系建设初探[J].福建果树,2003(4)：44.
[34]王立成.我国农业产业化存在的问题与对策[J].山东社会科学,2009(8)：114.
[35]李雅茹.农业信息化在农业现代化中的作用[J].陕西农业科学,2010(1)：223.
[36]林秀萍.仙游县枇杷产业可持续发展对策探讨[J].中国果业信息,2007(5)：6.
[37]王淑萍.国外农业产业化的启示[J].广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,23(3)：64.
[38]齐瑶.农产品行业协会在农业产业化中的作用——以黑龙江省为例[J].学术交流,2009(1)：28.
[39]吴志雄.论农业产业化经营体系[M].北京：中国社会出版社,2006：160.
[40]林顺权.广东水果产业的现状与发展展望[J].果农之友,2008(8)：5.
[41]朱鹏颐.台湾农业产业化发展途径及对福建农业产业化的思考[J].产业观察,2008(1)：30.
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