双馈式变速恒频风力发电机组并网运行能力优化策略
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摘要
双馈式变速恒频风力发电机组作为目前风力发电中的主流机型,其网侧变换器和机侧变换器均采用传统的基于电网正常运行条件下的控制策略,然而随着风电场装机容量的日益扩大和并网规范要求的不断提高,使得风电技术的研究从正常电网运行条件下运行转向电网故障下的穿越运行。本文根据双馈式变速恒频风力发电机组变换器的结构特点从两方面(网侧变换器和机侧变换器)分别进行研究。首先分析了电网正常运行条件下网侧变换器和机侧变换器的特性,根据其拓扑结构分别建立了数学模型,并搭建了控制策略。在此基础上建立了电网故障情况下三相静止坐标系、两相静止坐标系和两相同步旋转坐标系中网侧变换器和机侧变换器的数学模型,并分析了定子输出功率的瞬时有功功率、无功功率成分。随后针对网侧变换器目前常用的正负序双电流内环控制策略的不足,创新性地提出了基于预测电流方法的不对称控制策略,针对不同的电压跌落程度,对机侧变换器分别采用改进控制策略和增加硬件电路(crowbar)的方法。在PSCAD和RTDS (Real-Time Digital Simulator)平台下进行了仿真,仿真结果证明了本文提出的控制方法和策略的正确性,为工程应用提供了可靠参考。
Doubly-fed variable speed constant frequency wind turbine is the mainstream type in wind power, and its grid side converter and rotor side converter adopt the traditional control strategies based on the grid operating under normal conditions. However, with the increased penetration of wind power generations in power system and developed modern grid codes concerning grid-connected wind turbines, the researches on wind power have changed from grid normal operating to wind turbines riding through under abnormal grid conditions. Based on the structure characteristics of doubly-fed variable speed constant frequency converter, two aspects (grid side converter and rotor side converter) have been studied. First of all, the characteristics of grid side converter and rotor side converter were analyzed. According to their topological structures, the mathematical models and the control strategies were built. Then the mathematical models of grid side converter and rotor side converter under three-phase static coordinate system, two-phase stationary frame and two phase synchronization reference frame were established, and analyzed the instantaneous active and reactive power components of stator output power. As the positive and negative double currents control strategies have many shortcomings, this paper put forward a new unbalanced control strategy based on the forecasting methods innovatively. In view of the different voltage dips, the rotor side converter used improved control strategy and increasing hardware circuit (crowbar) method respectively to realize the ride through. The models are simulated in PSCAD and RTDS, and the results illustrate that the methods presented in this paper are correct and provide reliable reference to practical engineering.
Doubly-fed variable speed constant frequency wind turbine is the mainstream type in wind power, and its grid side converter and rotor side converter adopt the traditional control strategies based on the grid operating under normal conditions. However, with the increased penetration of wind power generations in power system and developed modern grid codes concerning grid-connected wind turbines, the researches on wind power have changed from grid normal operating to wind turbines riding through under abnormal grid conditions. Based on the structure characteristics of doubly-fed variable speed constant frequency converter, two aspects (grid side converter and rotor side converter) have been studied. First of all, the characteristics of grid side converter and rotor side converter were analyzed. According to their topological structures, the mathematical models and the control strategies were built. Then the mathematical models of grid side converter and rotor side converter under three-phase static coordinate system, two-phase stationary frame and two phase synchronization reference frame were established, and analyzed the instantaneous active and reactive power components of stator output power. As the positive and negative double currents control strategies have many shortcomings, this paper put forward a new unbalanced control strategy based on the forecasting methods innovatively. In view of the different voltage dips, the rotor side converter used improved control strategy and increasing hardware circuit (crowbar) method respectively to realize the ride through. The models are simulated in PSCAD and RTDS, and the results illustrate that the methods presented in this paper are correct and provide reliable reference to practical engineering.
引文
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[2]何祚麻,王亦楠.风力发电——我国能源和电力可持续发展战略的最现实选择[R].2005科学发展报告.2005
[3]王承煦,张源.风力发电[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2002：12-18
[4]浙江省风力发电发展规划背景研究之一：国内外风力发电发展现状及趋势
[5]戴慧珠,陈默子,王伟胜,王晓蓉.中国风电发展现状及有关技术服务[J].中国电力.2005,38(1)：80-84
[6]张艳.双馈风力发电机组的并网特性研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文.2008：2-6
[7]雷亚洲.Arklow海上风电场与爱尔兰电网的相互影响[J].国际电力.2003,7(6)：30-34
[8]邹旭东.变速恒频交流励磁双馈风力发电系统及其控制技术研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文.2005：6-10
[9]王媛.风力发电在全球的发展概况[J].四川电力技术,2005,1：36-39
[10]张绍杰,刘炳国.风力发电技术概述[J].山东轻工业学院学报.2005,19(3)：50-53
[11]赵仁德.变速恒频双馈风力发电机交流励磁电源研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文.2005：89-109
[12]Wu R S, Dewan S B, Slemon G R. Analysis of an AC to DC voltage source converter using PWM with phase and amplitude control [J]. IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.1991,27 (2):355-363
[13]Dioxn J W, Ooi B T. Indirect current control of a unity power factor sinusoidal current boost type three-phase rectifier [J]. IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electron.1988, 35(4):508-515
[14]MarianP. Kazmierkowski, Luigi Malesani. Current control techniques for three-Phase voltage-source PWM converters:A Surrey [J]. IEEE Trans Ind Electron,1998,45(5):691-703
[15]续艳珍.电网电压不平衡时三相PWM整流器控制策略的研究[J].山东大学硕士学位论文.2005：6-10
[16]L.Moran, P. D. Ziogas, and G. Joos, Design aspects of synchronous PWM rectifier-inverter systems under unbalanced input voltage conditions [J]. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.1992,28(6):1286-1293
[17]P. N. Enjeti and S. A. Choudhury. A new control strategy to improve the performance of a PWM AC to DC converter under unbalanced operating conditions [J] IEEE Trans. Power Electron.1993,8(4):493-500
[18]徐嘉鹏,汤钰鹏.电网不平衡时的三相PWM整流器控制策略[J].通信电源技术.2007,24(3)：56-63
[19]Hong-Seok Song, In-Won Joo,Kwanghee Nam. Source voltage sensorless estimation scheme for PWM recifiers under unbalanced conditions [J]. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics,2003,50(6):1238-1245
[20]Wu Xinhui, Sanjib K.Panda, Xu Jianxin. Supply-side current harmonics control of three phase PWM boost rectifiers under distorted and unbalanced supply voltage conditions [C]. Proceedings of IEEE PEDS,2007:647-652
[21]Yongsug Suh, Valentin Tijeras, and Thomas A. Lipo. A Nonlinear Control of the Instantaneous Power in dq Synchronous Frame for PWM AC/DC Converter under Generalized Unbalanced Operating Conditions [C]. Industry Applications Conference,2002.37th IAS Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, peensybvania, USA, 2002,2:1189-1196
[22]G.Saccomando, J.Svensson. Transient Operation of Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converter under Unbanlanced Voltage Conditions [C]. IEEE of Industry Applications Conference,2001.36th IAS Annual Meeting. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2001,4:2419-2424
[23]谭广军,郭源博,张晓华.电网不平衡条件下三相电压型PWM整流器非线性控制研究[J].2008,3(3)：19-25
[24]李建林,许洪华.风力发电系统低电压运行技术[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2009：143
[25]胡家兵.双馈异步风力发电机系统电网故障穿越(不间断)运行研究——基础理论与关键技术[D].浙江大学博士学位论文.2009：80-120
[26]L. Xu, Y. Wang. Dynamic Modeling and Control of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines Under Unbalanced Network Conditions [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2007,22(1):314-323
[27]T. K. A. Brekken, N. Mohan. Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generator Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Conditions [J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):129-135
[28]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003：478-490
[29]Ye Y, Kazerani M, Quintana V.H.A novel modeling and control method for three-Phase PWM converters[C]. Vancouver:Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2001:102-107
[30]FAN G, J IN. A digital predictive current controller for single-phase PWM rectifier [D]. Canada:University of A lberta,2004:36-46
[31]陶海军,郑征,高庆华.基于预测电流控制的PWM整流装置研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版).2008,6(27)：619-622
[32]石访.电磁暂态软件PSCAD/EMTDC的应用现状与展望[J].华东电力.2008,36(12)：1526-1528
[33]Liserre M,Teodorescu R,Blaabjerg F.Stability of Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine Grid-Connected Inverters for a Large Set of Grid Impedance Values[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.2006,21(1):263-272
[34]刘其辉.变速恒频风力发电系统运行与控制研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文.2005：39-58
[35]L.Moran, P. D. Ziogas, and G. Joos, Design aspects of synchronous PWM rectifier-inverter systems under unbalanced input voltage conditions[J].IEEE Trans. Ind.Appl.1992,28(6):1286-1293
[36]P. N. Enjeti and S. A. Choudhury, A new control strategy to improve the performance of a PWM AC to DC converter under unbalanced operating conditions [J]. IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,1993,8(4):493-500
[37]RTDS user's guide. Manitoba Cop. Ltd, Canada.2003.9
[38]杨淑英.双馈型风力发电变流器及其控制[D].合肥工业大学博士学位论文.2007：89-114
[39]G.Saccomando, J.Svensson. Transient Operation of Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converter under Unbanlanced Voltage Conditions [J]. IEEE of Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting Conference Record of the 2001, Vol. 4:2419-2424
[40]彭晨光,刘娜,王瑞闯.数字滑动平均值滤波器在有源电力滤波器中的应用[J].山东电力高等专科学校学报.2009,12(1)：34-39
[41]何鸣明.不对称电网故障下PWM整流器的控制策略的研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006：24-41
[42]Lie Xu, Bjarne R.Anderson, Phillip Cartwright. VSC transmission operating under unbalanced AC conditions-analysis and control design [J]. IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery,2005,20(1):427-434
[43]徐嘉鹏,汤钰鹏.电网不平衡时的三相PWM整流器控制策略[J].通信电源技术.2007,24(3)：56-63
[44]Hong-Seok Song, In-Won Joo, Kwanghee Nam. Source voltage sensorless estimation scheme for PWM recifiers under unbalanced conditions [J]. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics,2003,50(6):1238-1245
[45]Wu Xinhui, Sanjib K.Panda, Xu Jianxin. Supply-side current harmonics control of three phase PWM boost rectifiers under distorted and unbalanced supply voltage conditions [C]. Proceedings of IEEE PEDS,2007:647-652.
[46]Yongsug Suh, Valentin Tijeras, and Thomas A. Lipo. A Nonlinear Control of the Instantaneous Power in dq Synchronous Frame for PWM AC/DC Converter under Generalized Unbalanced Operating Conditions [J]. Industry Applications Conference,2002.37th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the Volume:2, 2002:1189-1196
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