290名高中层次学生受虐及养育方式对人格的影响
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摘要
目的：探讨高中层次学生人格特征与童年期受虐待及父母养育方式之间的关系。方法：采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、童年期受虐待问卷(CTQ-SF)、父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)对290名高中层次学生学生进行问卷调查。对人格各维度高分组与低分组童年受虐及父母养育方式各因子分进行t-检验。进行EPQ各维度得分与CTQ-SF及EMBU各因子分的相关分析,以EPQ各维度得分为因变量,以CTQ-SF、EMBU各因子分为自变量,进行多元逐步回归分析。
结果：
1.高中层次学生人格特征、童年受虐待、养育方式的一般特点
男生躯体虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视、总虐待得分较女生高。男生父亲惩罚、严厉、过分干涉、拒绝、否认、过度保护得分较女生高。农村高中层次学生父亲过度保护得分高于城市。
2.高中层次学生人格特征与童年受虐的关系
本研究结果显示神经质维度高分组情感虐待、性虐待、虐待总分较低分组高；精神质维度高分组除躯体虐待得分外均较低分组高；掩饰性维度高分组情感虐待、性虐待、虐待总分较低分组低。神经质维度得分与情感虐待、性虐待及总虐待得分正相关,精神质与虐待各因子及总分呈正相关,掩饰性与性虐待、情感忽视、虐待总分呈负相关。不同性别、不同成长环境、农村独生非独生高中层次学生人格与受虐待及养育方式的相关性有所不同。
3.高中层次学生人格特征与父母养育方式之间的关系
父亲养育方式中,神经质、精神质低分组情感温暖理解得分高于高分组,而惩罚、严厉、过分干涉、拒绝、否认、过度保护得分低于高分组；内外向、掩饰性高分组情感温暖理解得分高于低分组；掩饰性高分组拒绝否认得分低于低分组。母亲养育方式中,内外向高分组情感温暖、理解、过干涉、过保护、偏爱被试得分高于低分组；神经质高分组过干涉、过保护、拒绝、否认得分高于低分组；精神质低分组情感温暖、理解得分高于高分组,过干涉、过保护、拒绝、否认、惩罚、严厉得分低于高分组；掩饰性高分组情感温暖、理解得分高于低分组,过干涉、过保护、拒绝、否认得分低于低分组。神经质、精神质与父母情感温暖理解呈负相关,与父母惩罚、严厉、过分干涉、保护、拒绝、否认呈正相关。内外向与父母情感温暖、理解及偏爱被试呈正相关。掩饰性与父母情感温暖理解呈正相关,与父母拒绝否认、母亲过干涉过保护呈负相关。不同性别、不同成长环境、农村独生非独生高中层次学生人格与受虐待及养育方式的相关性有所不同。
4.童年受虐及养育方式影响人格的多元逐步回归分析
进入内外向维度回归方程的为父亲情感温暖理解,进入神经质维度回归方程的依次为父亲情感温暖理解、母亲情感温暖理解、情感虐待、父亲过度保护、母亲过分干涉保护、躯体虐待,进入精神质维度回归方程的为父亲情感温暖理解、母亲拒绝否认、母亲过分干涉保护、性虐待,进入掩饰性维度回归方程的为父亲情感温暖理解、父亲偏爱被试、母亲过分干涉保护、性虐待、父亲惩罚严厉。不同性别、不同成长环境、农村独生非独生高中层次学生进入人格各维度回归方程的变量有所不同。
结论：
1.不同性别、不同成长环境童年受虐及父母养育方式有所不同。
2.童年期受虐待影响人格的发展,可能导致情绪不稳定、孤僻不群、掩饰的个性特征。
3.父母养育方式影响人格的发展,情感温暖与理解有利于外向性个性特征的形成,而惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、偏爱被试则可能导致情绪不稳定、孤僻不群、掩饰的个性特征。
4.父母养育方式与童年期受虐待对人格的形成均有影响,且两者对人格每一维度的影响程度的大小不同。童年受虐及消极的养育方式可导致情绪不稳定、孤僻不群的人格特征,父母的情感温暖理解则有利于外向、豁达个性的培养。
Objective:
To explore the effect of childhood trauma and parental rearing styles on senior high level students personality characteristics.
Methods:
A total of 290 students were assessed with EPQ, CTQ-SF and EMBU. To execute t-test between high-mark and low-mark groups of personality dimensions in the factor scores of childhood abuse and parental rearing patterns. Relevant analysis was carried out between the EPQ dimensions scores and the factor scores of CTQ-SF, EMBU. With EPQ dimensions as the dependent variable, and the CTQ-SF, EMBU factor scores for the independent variables, to conduct multiple stepwise regression analysis.
Results:
1.The general situation of personality characteristics, childhood trauma and parental rearing styles
Physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, abuse total scores of males higher than females.Paternal punishment, strict, excessive interference, refuse, deny, over-protective scores of boys higher than girls. Father over-protective of young people was higher in rural areas than in urban.
2. The relation between personality characteristics and childhood trauma
This study showed that emotional abuse, sexual abuse, abuse total scores of high-mark groups of EPQ-N were higher than those in low-mark groups. The high-mark groups of EPQ-P were higher than low-mark groups except physical abuse.Emotional abuse, sexual abuse, abuse total scores of high-mark groups of EPQ-L were lower than those in low-mark groups. The score of EPQ-N were positively correlated with the scores of emotional abuse, sexual abuse and abuse total, EPQ-P were positively correlated with all kinds of abuse. EPQ-L was negatively correlated with sexual abuse, emotional abuse, abuse total score. Correlations were different because of different gender, different growth environment. Correlations were different because of different gender, different growth environment.
3. The relation between personality characteristics and parental rearing styles
To paternal parental rearing styles, emotional warmth and understanding of low-mark group of EPQ-N and EPQ-P were higher than those in high-mark group, however punishment, strict, interference, refuse, deny, over-protection were lower compared with high-mark group. The high-mark groups of EPQ-E and EPQ-L were higher than those in low-mark groups at emotional warmth and understanding. To maternal parental rearing styles, the high-mark groups of EPQ-E were higher than low-mark groups at maternal emotional warmth and understanding, excessive interference, over-protection, preference. The excessive interference, over-protection, refuse, deny of high-mark groups of EPQ-N were higher than those in low-mark groups. The low-mark groups of EPQ-P were higher than that in high-mark groups at emotional warmth and understanding, however were lower at excessive interference, over-protection, refuse, deny, punishment, strict. The high-mark groups of EPQ-L were higher than low-mark groups at emotional warmth and understanding, however were lower at excessive interference, overprotection, refuse, deny.And EPQ-N and EPQ-P were positively correlated with punishment, strict, excessive-interference, over-protection, refuse, deny, but negatively correlated with parental emotional warmth and understanding.EPQ-E were positively correlated with parental emotional warmth and understanding, preference.EPQ-L was positively correlated with parental emotional warmth and understanding, however negatively correlated with, parental refuse and deny, maternal excessive interference and over-protection. Correlations were different because of different gender, different growth environment.
4. The multiple stepwise regression analysis of childhood trauma and parental raring styles influencing personality characteristics
The factor that entered into EPQ-E regression equation was father emotional warmth and understanding. Parental emotional warmth and understanding, emotional abuse, paternal over protection, maternal excessive interference and over-protection, physical abuse were the elements which went into EPQ-N regression equation. The factors that entered into EPQ-P regression equation were paternal emotional warmth and understanding, maternal refuse and deny, maternal excessive interference and over-protection, sexual abuse. Parental emotional warmth and understanding, Parental preference, maternal excessive interference and over-protection, sexual abuse, paternal punishment and strict were the elements which entered into EPQ-L regression equation. The factors entering personality regression equation were different because of different gender, different growth environment.
Conclusions:
1. To different gender and growth environment, childhood abuse and parental rearing patterns are different.
2. Childhood abuse and have effects on the development of personality, maybe leading to neurotic, psychotics and lie characteristics.
3. Parental rearing patterns influence the development of personality, emotional warmth and understanding make for extraversion. However punishment and strict, refuse and deny, preference are related with neurotic, psychotics and lie.
4. Parental rearing patterns and childhood abuse both are the elements influencing personality. Childhood abuse and negative parenting methods can lead to emotional instability, unsociable and eccentric personality characteristics, but parental emotional warmth and understanding is conducive to extroversion characteristics.
结果：
1.高中层次学生人格特征、童年受虐待、养育方式的一般特点
男生躯体虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视、总虐待得分较女生高。男生父亲惩罚、严厉、过分干涉、拒绝、否认、过度保护得分较女生高。农村高中层次学生父亲过度保护得分高于城市。
2.高中层次学生人格特征与童年受虐的关系
本研究结果显示神经质维度高分组情感虐待、性虐待、虐待总分较低分组高；精神质维度高分组除躯体虐待得分外均较低分组高；掩饰性维度高分组情感虐待、性虐待、虐待总分较低分组低。神经质维度得分与情感虐待、性虐待及总虐待得分正相关,精神质与虐待各因子及总分呈正相关,掩饰性与性虐待、情感忽视、虐待总分呈负相关。不同性别、不同成长环境、农村独生非独生高中层次学生人格与受虐待及养育方式的相关性有所不同。
3.高中层次学生人格特征与父母养育方式之间的关系
父亲养育方式中,神经质、精神质低分组情感温暖理解得分高于高分组,而惩罚、严厉、过分干涉、拒绝、否认、过度保护得分低于高分组；内外向、掩饰性高分组情感温暖理解得分高于低分组；掩饰性高分组拒绝否认得分低于低分组。母亲养育方式中,内外向高分组情感温暖、理解、过干涉、过保护、偏爱被试得分高于低分组；神经质高分组过干涉、过保护、拒绝、否认得分高于低分组；精神质低分组情感温暖、理解得分高于高分组,过干涉、过保护、拒绝、否认、惩罚、严厉得分低于高分组；掩饰性高分组情感温暖、理解得分高于低分组,过干涉、过保护、拒绝、否认得分低于低分组。神经质、精神质与父母情感温暖理解呈负相关,与父母惩罚、严厉、过分干涉、保护、拒绝、否认呈正相关。内外向与父母情感温暖、理解及偏爱被试呈正相关。掩饰性与父母情感温暖理解呈正相关,与父母拒绝否认、母亲过干涉过保护呈负相关。不同性别、不同成长环境、农村独生非独生高中层次学生人格与受虐待及养育方式的相关性有所不同。
4.童年受虐及养育方式影响人格的多元逐步回归分析
进入内外向维度回归方程的为父亲情感温暖理解,进入神经质维度回归方程的依次为父亲情感温暖理解、母亲情感温暖理解、情感虐待、父亲过度保护、母亲过分干涉保护、躯体虐待,进入精神质维度回归方程的为父亲情感温暖理解、母亲拒绝否认、母亲过分干涉保护、性虐待,进入掩饰性维度回归方程的为父亲情感温暖理解、父亲偏爱被试、母亲过分干涉保护、性虐待、父亲惩罚严厉。不同性别、不同成长环境、农村独生非独生高中层次学生进入人格各维度回归方程的变量有所不同。
结论：
1.不同性别、不同成长环境童年受虐及父母养育方式有所不同。
2.童年期受虐待影响人格的发展,可能导致情绪不稳定、孤僻不群、掩饰的个性特征。
3.父母养育方式影响人格的发展,情感温暖与理解有利于外向性个性特征的形成,而惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、偏爱被试则可能导致情绪不稳定、孤僻不群、掩饰的个性特征。
4.父母养育方式与童年期受虐待对人格的形成均有影响,且两者对人格每一维度的影响程度的大小不同。童年受虐及消极的养育方式可导致情绪不稳定、孤僻不群的人格特征,父母的情感温暖理解则有利于外向、豁达个性的培养。
Objective:
To explore the effect of childhood trauma and parental rearing styles on senior high level students personality characteristics.
Methods:
A total of 290 students were assessed with EPQ, CTQ-SF and EMBU. To execute t-test between high-mark and low-mark groups of personality dimensions in the factor scores of childhood abuse and parental rearing patterns. Relevant analysis was carried out between the EPQ dimensions scores and the factor scores of CTQ-SF, EMBU. With EPQ dimensions as the dependent variable, and the CTQ-SF, EMBU factor scores for the independent variables, to conduct multiple stepwise regression analysis.
Results:
1.The general situation of personality characteristics, childhood trauma and parental rearing styles
Physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, abuse total scores of males higher than females.Paternal punishment, strict, excessive interference, refuse, deny, over-protective scores of boys higher than girls. Father over-protective of young people was higher in rural areas than in urban.
2. The relation between personality characteristics and childhood trauma
This study showed that emotional abuse, sexual abuse, abuse total scores of high-mark groups of EPQ-N were higher than those in low-mark groups. The high-mark groups of EPQ-P were higher than low-mark groups except physical abuse.Emotional abuse, sexual abuse, abuse total scores of high-mark groups of EPQ-L were lower than those in low-mark groups. The score of EPQ-N were positively correlated with the scores of emotional abuse, sexual abuse and abuse total, EPQ-P were positively correlated with all kinds of abuse. EPQ-L was negatively correlated with sexual abuse, emotional abuse, abuse total score. Correlations were different because of different gender, different growth environment. Correlations were different because of different gender, different growth environment.
3. The relation between personality characteristics and parental rearing styles
To paternal parental rearing styles, emotional warmth and understanding of low-mark group of EPQ-N and EPQ-P were higher than those in high-mark group, however punishment, strict, interference, refuse, deny, over-protection were lower compared with high-mark group. The high-mark groups of EPQ-E and EPQ-L were higher than those in low-mark groups at emotional warmth and understanding. To maternal parental rearing styles, the high-mark groups of EPQ-E were higher than low-mark groups at maternal emotional warmth and understanding, excessive interference, over-protection, preference. The excessive interference, over-protection, refuse, deny of high-mark groups of EPQ-N were higher than those in low-mark groups. The low-mark groups of EPQ-P were higher than that in high-mark groups at emotional warmth and understanding, however were lower at excessive interference, over-protection, refuse, deny, punishment, strict. The high-mark groups of EPQ-L were higher than low-mark groups at emotional warmth and understanding, however were lower at excessive interference, overprotection, refuse, deny.And EPQ-N and EPQ-P were positively correlated with punishment, strict, excessive-interference, over-protection, refuse, deny, but negatively correlated with parental emotional warmth and understanding.EPQ-E were positively correlated with parental emotional warmth and understanding, preference.EPQ-L was positively correlated with parental emotional warmth and understanding, however negatively correlated with, parental refuse and deny, maternal excessive interference and over-protection. Correlations were different because of different gender, different growth environment.
4. The multiple stepwise regression analysis of childhood trauma and parental raring styles influencing personality characteristics
The factor that entered into EPQ-E regression equation was father emotional warmth and understanding. Parental emotional warmth and understanding, emotional abuse, paternal over protection, maternal excessive interference and over-protection, physical abuse were the elements which went into EPQ-N regression equation. The factors that entered into EPQ-P regression equation were paternal emotional warmth and understanding, maternal refuse and deny, maternal excessive interference and over-protection, sexual abuse. Parental emotional warmth and understanding, Parental preference, maternal excessive interference and over-protection, sexual abuse, paternal punishment and strict were the elements which entered into EPQ-L regression equation. The factors entering personality regression equation were different because of different gender, different growth environment.
Conclusions:
1. To different gender and growth environment, childhood abuse and parental rearing patterns are different.
2. Childhood abuse and have effects on the development of personality, maybe leading to neurotic, psychotics and lie characteristics.
3. Parental rearing patterns influence the development of personality, emotional warmth and understanding make for extraversion. However punishment and strict, refuse and deny, preference are related with neurotic, psychotics and lie.
4. Parental rearing patterns and childhood abuse both are the elements influencing personality. Childhood abuse and negative parenting methods can lead to emotional instability, unsociable and eccentric personality characteristics, but parental emotional warmth and understanding is conducive to extroversion characteristics.
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