青藏高原一年生野生大麦的农艺性状及品质性状分析
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摘要
大麦是世界上最古老的作物之一,在世界禾谷作物中占有重要的地位,是位于小麦、玉米和水稻之后的第四大谷类作物。青藏高原一年生野生大麦是珍贵的种质资源,在世界大麦研究中具有重要意义,为我国所独有。本研究对13份野生二棱大麦,17份野生六棱大麦进行了10个农艺性状考察、籽粒蛋白质与淀粉含量测定,分析了青藏高原一年生野生二棱大麦在这些性状上的遗传变异,以及其农艺性状与籽粒蛋白质、淀粉含量的关系,以期为青藏高原一年生野生大麦种质资源的合理利用提供一些有用信息。主要研究结果有以下几个方面：
1.不同棱形野生大麦10种农艺性状比较分析表明,各性状间遗传差异较大,在17个供试的六棱野生大麦中,单株有效穗数标准差最小为1.10；单株小穗数的标准差最大,为89.92。穗颈节到旗叶叶枕距离的变异系数最大,最大值为54%,株高的变异系数最小,最小值为16%。在13个供试的二棱野生大麦中,主穗长标准差最小为1.02；单株小穗数的标准差最大为39.75。穗颈节到旗叶叶枕距离的变异系数最大,最大值为40%,主穗长和主穗小穗数的变异系数最小,最小值均为13%。这些说明青藏高原一年生野生大麦具有较大的遗传多样性。
2.在30份供试材料中,二棱野生大麦的蛋白质含量变化范围为15.00—16.52%。平均值为15.54%。变异系数为3.21%。其中材料D136蛋白质含量最低,为15.00%。材料D134蛋白质含量最高,为16.52%。六棱野生大麦的蛋白质含量变化范围为14.51—16.74%。平均值为15.10%。变异系数为3.61%。其中材料D47蛋白质含量最低,为14.51%。材料D161蛋白质含量最高,为16.74%。这些材料可作为啤酒大麦和饲料大麦育种的重要优质资源。
3.在30份供试材料中,二棱野生大麦的淀粉含量变化范围为49.64—51.63%。平均值为50.49%。变异系数为1.09%。其中材料D134淀粉含量最低,为49.64%。材料D311蛋白质含量最高,为51.63%。六棱野生大麦的淀粉含量变化范围为48.98—51.85%。平均值为50.53%。变异系数为1.25%。其中材料D161淀粉含量最低；为48.98%。材料D252淀粉含量最高,为51.85%。
4.供试大麦材料蛋白质含量与株高、主穗小穗数、单株小穗数、单株实粒数、单株粒重、淀粉含量呈负相关,且与主穗小穗数在5%水平上显著负相关。而与单株有效穗、主穗长、芒长、主穗下第一节间长、穗基部到旗叶叶枕距呈正相关。供试大麦材料淀粉含量与株高、单株有效穗、主穗长、主穗下第一节间长、穗基部到旗叶叶枕距、单株小穗数、单株实粒数、单株粒重、蛋白质含量呈负相关,且与单株有效穗在5%水平上显著负相关,与单株粒重在1%水平上极显著负相关,而与芒长、主穗小穗数呈正相关。
Barley is one of the most important ancient cereal crops, and also the fourth ranking staples after wheat, maize and rice in the world. The annual wild barley (Hordeum Spontaneum) of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a very precious resource for the research of barley in the world. A total of 30 barley varieties, including 13 two-rowed wild barley lines and 17 six-rowed barley varieties, were used to detect their genetic diversities, based on 10 agronomic characters, protein and starch. Some basic information were presented for barley genetic breeding. The main results of this research were as follows:
1. For barley of different rows, the results respectively indicated that there were significant differences among all germplasm resources in agronomic characters. In six-rowed barley, the lowest standard deviation of the single plant available spikes was 1.10, and the highest of the single plant spikes was 89.92. The genetic variance of distance of flag leaf phyllula to neck was highest, with the coefficient of variation of 54%. The genetic coefficient of variation of plant hight was 54%, the lowest. In two-rowed barley, the lowest standard deviation of main spike length was 1.02, and the highest of the single plant spikes was 39.75. The distance of flag leaf phyllula to neck displayed the highest coefficient of variation,40%. The main spike length and spikelet number of main spike showed the least variation, both 13%.
2. Among all the barley germplasm resources investigated, the protein content of two-rowed barley ranged from 15.00% to 16.52%, with an average of 15.54% and the coefficient of variation of 3.21%. The cultivar D136 displayed the lowest average protein content of 15.00%, while D134 showed the highest that of 16.52%. For six-rowed barley, protein content data demonstrated a range of 14.51% to 16.74% and an average of 15.10%, with the coefficient of variation of 3.61%. Among them, the material D47 had the lowest average protein content of 14.51%, while D161 has the highest,16.74%.
3. Among the 30 barley varieties studied, the starch content of two-rowed barley ranged from 49.64% to 51.63%, with an average of 50.49% and the coefficient of variation of 1.09%. The material D134 showed the lowest average starch content of 49.64%, while D311 displayed the highest that of 51.63%. As to six-rowed barley, the results indicated a range of 48.98% to 51.85% and an average of 50.53%, with the coefficient of variation of 1.25%. Among them, the variety D161 had the lowest average starch content of 48.98%, while D252 has the highest,51.85%.
4. The correlation analysis illustrated that protein content had negative correlation with plant hight, spikelet number of main spike, the single plant spikes, the single plant fact seed numbers, single plant kernel weight and starch content, significant with spikelet number of main spike on level 0.05, while the correlation with the single plant available spikes, main spike length, awn length, uppermost inter-node length and distance of flag leaf phyllula to neck was positive. The results showed that starch content had negative correlation with plant hight, the single plant available spikes, main spike length, uppermost inter-node length, distance of flag leaf phyllula to neck, the single plant spikes, the single plant fact seed numbers, single plant kernel weight and protein content, significant with the single plant available spikes on level 0.05 and exceedingly significant with single plant kernel weight on level 0.01. There was positive correlation when compared with awn length and spikelet number of main spike.
1.不同棱形野生大麦10种农艺性状比较分析表明,各性状间遗传差异较大,在17个供试的六棱野生大麦中,单株有效穗数标准差最小为1.10；单株小穗数的标准差最大,为89.92。穗颈节到旗叶叶枕距离的变异系数最大,最大值为54%,株高的变异系数最小,最小值为16%。在13个供试的二棱野生大麦中,主穗长标准差最小为1.02；单株小穗数的标准差最大为39.75。穗颈节到旗叶叶枕距离的变异系数最大,最大值为40%,主穗长和主穗小穗数的变异系数最小,最小值均为13%。这些说明青藏高原一年生野生大麦具有较大的遗传多样性。
2.在30份供试材料中,二棱野生大麦的蛋白质含量变化范围为15.00—16.52%。平均值为15.54%。变异系数为3.21%。其中材料D136蛋白质含量最低,为15.00%。材料D134蛋白质含量最高,为16.52%。六棱野生大麦的蛋白质含量变化范围为14.51—16.74%。平均值为15.10%。变异系数为3.61%。其中材料D47蛋白质含量最低,为14.51%。材料D161蛋白质含量最高,为16.74%。这些材料可作为啤酒大麦和饲料大麦育种的重要优质资源。
3.在30份供试材料中,二棱野生大麦的淀粉含量变化范围为49.64—51.63%。平均值为50.49%。变异系数为1.09%。其中材料D134淀粉含量最低,为49.64%。材料D311蛋白质含量最高,为51.63%。六棱野生大麦的淀粉含量变化范围为48.98—51.85%。平均值为50.53%。变异系数为1.25%。其中材料D161淀粉含量最低；为48.98%。材料D252淀粉含量最高,为51.85%。
4.供试大麦材料蛋白质含量与株高、主穗小穗数、单株小穗数、单株实粒数、单株粒重、淀粉含量呈负相关,且与主穗小穗数在5%水平上显著负相关。而与单株有效穗、主穗长、芒长、主穗下第一节间长、穗基部到旗叶叶枕距呈正相关。供试大麦材料淀粉含量与株高、单株有效穗、主穗长、主穗下第一节间长、穗基部到旗叶叶枕距、单株小穗数、单株实粒数、单株粒重、蛋白质含量呈负相关,且与单株有效穗在5%水平上显著负相关,与单株粒重在1%水平上极显著负相关,而与芒长、主穗小穗数呈正相关。
Barley is one of the most important ancient cereal crops, and also the fourth ranking staples after wheat, maize and rice in the world. The annual wild barley (Hordeum Spontaneum) of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a very precious resource for the research of barley in the world. A total of 30 barley varieties, including 13 two-rowed wild barley lines and 17 six-rowed barley varieties, were used to detect their genetic diversities, based on 10 agronomic characters, protein and starch. Some basic information were presented for barley genetic breeding. The main results of this research were as follows:
1. For barley of different rows, the results respectively indicated that there were significant differences among all germplasm resources in agronomic characters. In six-rowed barley, the lowest standard deviation of the single plant available spikes was 1.10, and the highest of the single plant spikes was 89.92. The genetic variance of distance of flag leaf phyllula to neck was highest, with the coefficient of variation of 54%. The genetic coefficient of variation of plant hight was 54%, the lowest. In two-rowed barley, the lowest standard deviation of main spike length was 1.02, and the highest of the single plant spikes was 39.75. The distance of flag leaf phyllula to neck displayed the highest coefficient of variation,40%. The main spike length and spikelet number of main spike showed the least variation, both 13%.
2. Among all the barley germplasm resources investigated, the protein content of two-rowed barley ranged from 15.00% to 16.52%, with an average of 15.54% and the coefficient of variation of 3.21%. The cultivar D136 displayed the lowest average protein content of 15.00%, while D134 showed the highest that of 16.52%. For six-rowed barley, protein content data demonstrated a range of 14.51% to 16.74% and an average of 15.10%, with the coefficient of variation of 3.61%. Among them, the material D47 had the lowest average protein content of 14.51%, while D161 has the highest,16.74%.
3. Among the 30 barley varieties studied, the starch content of two-rowed barley ranged from 49.64% to 51.63%, with an average of 50.49% and the coefficient of variation of 1.09%. The material D134 showed the lowest average starch content of 49.64%, while D311 displayed the highest that of 51.63%. As to six-rowed barley, the results indicated a range of 48.98% to 51.85% and an average of 50.53%, with the coefficient of variation of 1.25%. Among them, the variety D161 had the lowest average starch content of 48.98%, while D252 has the highest,51.85%.
4. The correlation analysis illustrated that protein content had negative correlation with plant hight, spikelet number of main spike, the single plant spikes, the single plant fact seed numbers, single plant kernel weight and starch content, significant with spikelet number of main spike on level 0.05, while the correlation with the single plant available spikes, main spike length, awn length, uppermost inter-node length and distance of flag leaf phyllula to neck was positive. The results showed that starch content had negative correlation with plant hight, the single plant available spikes, main spike length, uppermost inter-node length, distance of flag leaf phyllula to neck, the single plant spikes, the single plant fact seed numbers, single plant kernel weight and protein content, significant with the single plant available spikes on level 0.05 and exceedingly significant with single plant kernel weight on level 0.01. There was positive correlation when compared with awn length and spikelet number of main spike.
引文
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