分子标记辅助选择改良光温敏核不育系的稻瘟病抗性和稻瘟病抗性基因的初步定位
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摘要
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)作为全世界三分之一人口的主食,是我国最主要的粮食作物和农业作物。水稻的三大病害中稻瘟病的破坏程度最大,对经济生产和粮食供应造成了极大危害。本研究以BL6为供体亲本,运用分子标记辅助选择的方法,将稻瘟病抗性基因Pi-1,Pi-2聚合到光温敏核不育系培矮64S,并回交三代得到BC3F1。2008年自交后筛选得到43个阳性家系,考察育性和稻瘟病抗性情况,从中筛选出花粉保持高度不育且对稻瘟病有良好抗性的植株材料,以便用于进一步规模制种。2009年将筛选得到的10个Pi-1,Pi-2基因纯合的培矮64S材料种于武汉和远安,考察其7月至9月的田间自然条件下花粉育性及长日低温人工气候培养箱(日均温23.5℃)处理后的花粉育性,考察远安田间自然条件下花粉育性情况；本试验选取远安县山坳中田间的自然高湿环境为诱发条件,考察稻瘟病抗感表型。在远安播种10个改良过的培矮64S及43个家系与9311的杂交后代,用于考察远安田间叶瘟和穗颈瘟的抗性表型及相关性。结果如下：
1.2008年夏天分别在武汉田间种植、光温箱处理以及同批种植于远安的43个材料均为通过分子标记辅助选择导入了Pi-1,Pi-2基因的BC3F2,从中初步筛选出的10个改良材料花粉均保持高度不育。2009年播种于武汉的10个材料中有5个材料不育度达到较高水平,8月每天的田间自然条件下的花粉育性都保持在99.5%以上,播于远安的10个改良材料中有8个材料自然条件花粉不育度均在99.5%以上。光温箱处理的对应材料中4个材料仍保持不育度在99.5%以上。
2.2009年播种于远安的10个材料对叶瘟达到中抗水平,对穗颈瘟均表现出抗性,叶瘟和穗颈瘟抗性与对照培矮64S相比呈现明显差异,且对穗颈瘟和叶瘟的抗性有显著相关性；2009年播种于远安的改良的培矮64S与9311杂交种对叶瘟的抗性在分蘖期抗性较高,到成熟期则波动较大,抗性级别在1.6-3.1之间,而穗颈瘟的抗性则均较高,叶瘟和穗颈瘟抗性与对照两优培九相比呈现显著差异,且穗颈瘟抗性与抽穗期叶瘟抗性呈现显著或极显著相关。
利用二白引/珍汕97重组自交系群体,构建遗传图谱,检测到5个稻瘟病叶瘟抗性QTL和2个穗颈瘟抗性QTL,主要位于第1、6和11染色体。其中叶瘟的抗性QTL加性效应在0.1925到0.4031,表型贡献率在7.86%到39.86%之间；而穗颈瘟的抗性QTL加性效应较大,但均为负值,表型贡献率为9.73%和24.07%。
Rice is the most important food and crop of China as the main stable food of one third people in the world. Rice blast causes the worst devastating effects among the three main diseases of rice, which makes much loss to economic production and food supply. One subjective of this research is to improve the resistance of photoperiod and thermo-period sensitive genic male sterile PA64S by pyramiding the blast resistance genes Pi-1 and Pi-2 from sponsor BL6 through molecular marker-assisted selection. We obtain the BC3F1 by three times backcross between BL4 and PA64S, and then 43 positive material lines after self.10 lines with highly sterile and resistance to blast among the 43 were chosen and planted in Wuhan and Yuan'an to investigate pollen sterility from July to September everyday, and treated by long day light(14h) and low temperature(23.5℃) in phytotron.10 improved PA64S lines and 43 hybridizing with 9311 were planted in Yuan'an by natural induction in field to investigate the resistance to leaf blast and neck blast. The results are as follows:
1. The 10 improved PA64S lines were selected from the 43 positive materials, and 5 of them showed sterility degree above 99.5% in natural field in Wuhan in August in 2009.8 of the 10 improved lines in Yuan'an showed a pollen sterility above 99.5%. Under the condition of phytotron,3 ot the 10 improved lines had a complete pollen sterility above 99.5%.
2. The investigation of the 10 improved lines showed a moderate resistance to leaf blast and a strong resistance to neck blast, which had significant difference from PA64S. The results of the resistance to leaf blast and neck blast showed a significant correlation. The hybrid lines of 43 positive lines and 9311 represents a strong resistance to leaf blast at seedling, but fluctuated at heading stage from 1.6 to 3.1, meanwhile, the resistance of the hybrid lines to neck blast at head was high and significant correlated with the resistance to leaf blast at head stage.
A genetic linkage map was constructed through a RIL group of erbaiyin/ZS97.5 QTLs for leaf blast resistance and 2 QTLs for neck blast resistance were detected, which existed on chromosome 1,6 and 11. Additive effect of QTLs for leaf blast resistance are between 0.1925 and 0.4031, and phenotype contribution of which is between 7.86% and 39.86%; Additive effect of QTLs for neck blast resistance are negative, and phenotype contribution of which is between 9.73% and 24.07%.
1.2008年夏天分别在武汉田间种植、光温箱处理以及同批种植于远安的43个材料均为通过分子标记辅助选择导入了Pi-1,Pi-2基因的BC3F2,从中初步筛选出的10个改良材料花粉均保持高度不育。2009年播种于武汉的10个材料中有5个材料不育度达到较高水平,8月每天的田间自然条件下的花粉育性都保持在99.5%以上,播于远安的10个改良材料中有8个材料自然条件花粉不育度均在99.5%以上。光温箱处理的对应材料中4个材料仍保持不育度在99.5%以上。
2.2009年播种于远安的10个材料对叶瘟达到中抗水平,对穗颈瘟均表现出抗性,叶瘟和穗颈瘟抗性与对照培矮64S相比呈现明显差异,且对穗颈瘟和叶瘟的抗性有显著相关性；2009年播种于远安的改良的培矮64S与9311杂交种对叶瘟的抗性在分蘖期抗性较高,到成熟期则波动较大,抗性级别在1.6-3.1之间,而穗颈瘟的抗性则均较高,叶瘟和穗颈瘟抗性与对照两优培九相比呈现显著差异,且穗颈瘟抗性与抽穗期叶瘟抗性呈现显著或极显著相关。
利用二白引/珍汕97重组自交系群体,构建遗传图谱,检测到5个稻瘟病叶瘟抗性QTL和2个穗颈瘟抗性QTL,主要位于第1、6和11染色体。其中叶瘟的抗性QTL加性效应在0.1925到0.4031,表型贡献率在7.86%到39.86%之间；而穗颈瘟的抗性QTL加性效应较大,但均为负值,表型贡献率为9.73%和24.07%。
Rice is the most important food and crop of China as the main stable food of one third people in the world. Rice blast causes the worst devastating effects among the three main diseases of rice, which makes much loss to economic production and food supply. One subjective of this research is to improve the resistance of photoperiod and thermo-period sensitive genic male sterile PA64S by pyramiding the blast resistance genes Pi-1 and Pi-2 from sponsor BL6 through molecular marker-assisted selection. We obtain the BC3F1 by three times backcross between BL4 and PA64S, and then 43 positive material lines after self.10 lines with highly sterile and resistance to blast among the 43 were chosen and planted in Wuhan and Yuan'an to investigate pollen sterility from July to September everyday, and treated by long day light(14h) and low temperature(23.5℃) in phytotron.10 improved PA64S lines and 43 hybridizing with 9311 were planted in Yuan'an by natural induction in field to investigate the resistance to leaf blast and neck blast. The results are as follows:
1. The 10 improved PA64S lines were selected from the 43 positive materials, and 5 of them showed sterility degree above 99.5% in natural field in Wuhan in August in 2009.8 of the 10 improved lines in Yuan'an showed a pollen sterility above 99.5%. Under the condition of phytotron,3 ot the 10 improved lines had a complete pollen sterility above 99.5%.
2. The investigation of the 10 improved lines showed a moderate resistance to leaf blast and a strong resistance to neck blast, which had significant difference from PA64S. The results of the resistance to leaf blast and neck blast showed a significant correlation. The hybrid lines of 43 positive lines and 9311 represents a strong resistance to leaf blast at seedling, but fluctuated at heading stage from 1.6 to 3.1, meanwhile, the resistance of the hybrid lines to neck blast at head was high and significant correlated with the resistance to leaf blast at head stage.
A genetic linkage map was constructed through a RIL group of erbaiyin/ZS97.5 QTLs for leaf blast resistance and 2 QTLs for neck blast resistance were detected, which existed on chromosome 1,6 and 11. Additive effect of QTLs for leaf blast resistance are between 0.1925 and 0.4031, and phenotype contribution of which is between 7.86% and 39.86%; Additive effect of QTLs for neck blast resistance are negative, and phenotype contribution of which is between 9.73% and 24.07%.
引文
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