非对称数字用户线网络资源分配与计费
|
摘要
通信网络正朝着高速传输能力的方向发展,特别是随着具有巨大传输能力的光纤通信技术的采用,网络容量得到了空前的提高,随之而来的是对多媒体业务的需求如视频业务和大量数据业务的迅猛增长。为满足用户需求,大量电话网、有线电视网和计算机网络(如Internet)已逐渐演变成为业务融合的网络,融合的信息网络环境可以通过统一的传输系统支持不同种类业务的传输。然而,业务类型不同对网络传输的要求也不同,这些对传输质量有着不同要求的业务共享网络资源,对于网络资源管理提出了更为复杂的要求。另一方面,由于业务融合的通信网络面对大量最终用户,多用户和多通信服务种类也增加了收费的复杂性,网络的计费机制也成为一个关注热点。
本文认为价格信号可以被看作一种激励机制,用来调节有不同服务质量要求的多业务多用户的传输行为,计费本身就可以作为一种资源分配机制。基于这种思想,本研究从经济学角度分析了基于ATM技术的ADSL电信接入网网络资源分配与计费策略的关联运作机制,研究重点如下:
ADSL网络业务的不同服务等级的带宽分配和计费策略研究,采用改进的巴黎地铁定价(Paris Metro Pricing)方法,通过设定不同的价格,由用户经过非合作博弈选择自动获得不同的服务质量(QoS)等级。同时,在满足用户业务等级自选达到稳定均衡并且能够决定等级间服务质量差异的价格策略下,实行对不同等级业务的带宽分配,实现网络提供商在一定资源约束下的收益最大化。通过仿真证明,这种资源分配方案相对于目前业界普遍实施的另外两种资源分配方法能够更好地保障高等级业务质量并产生更高的收益。
作为前一个研究方面的深入,本文探讨了多用户竞争情况下同质(同等级内部)业务非中心化的带宽资源分配和计费阎题,利用ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)技术中基于虚电路(Virtual Circuit:vC)和虚通道(Virtual Path:VP)的结构和资源管理形式,将网络运营商和用户建立为一个斯坦克尔伯格博弈模型(Stackelberg Game),将一个全局流量控制优化问题分成了几个子问题,而子问题的解决方案构成整体优化问题的帕累托状态解决方案。通过与目前普遍使用的固定价格策略的对比,可得出斯坦克尔伯格博弈模型(Stackelberg)策略在质量保障和质量控制方面有明显优势,并且能取得更高的整体收益。
本论文还研究了用户方拍卖形式的业务流分配方式在ADSL网络中业务传输拥塞时的链路共享中的应用。本文从业务流量控制的共享准则与业务的计费方式结合出发,提出了基于拍卖模型的业务连接接纳控制策略,并根据用户出价的高低采用广义第二价格进行资源分配,论证了用户报价纳什均衡策略的存在,其中标价格也可同时作为业务传输收费价格参考的合理性。
本文的研究将经济学理论与通信领域的网络管理技术问题结合在一起进行了考虑,研究结果可望在网络基于QoS的分散计费和网络资源管理中获得应用。
The communication network is being developed to provide high capacity transmission capabilities. With the application of optical communication technologies, the network capacity has been increased to an un-precedent level. Mean while, the demand for multi-media traffics such as video and data increase continuously. In order to satisfy the demand, telephone networks, cable television network and computer network (e.g. Internet) are evolved to a traffic-integrated network: broadband services integrated data network. This integrated information network could provide multiple different services via the same transmission system. However, the different traffics carried on the same transmission network differ in requirements for transmission performances. The requirements of different traffics make the network management more difficult than ever. On the other hand, as access network is facing subscribers of large quantity, subscriber variety and multi-services categories lead to complex billing. The network billing therefore becomes another hot issue.
The contention of this thesis is that price signal can be considered incentive for coordinating the transmission behaviors of multi services and users, billing system itself can act as a resource allocation mechanism. Based on this philosophy, the research caters to the topics on the associated operation of ATM network resource allocation and pricing strategy. The main achievements described in this thesis include the following:
The bandwidth allocation and pricing strategy research for various classes of traffics in ADSL network. The Paris Metro Pricing method is modified and applied. By setting different prices, subscribers are encouraged to self-decide the logical path their want via non-cooperative gaming and therefore automatically obtain different QoS classes. At the same time, by applying the pricing system which can guarantee the stable equilibrium of the subscribers choice and differences in QoS classes, the bandwidth allocation for various classes are realized to maximize revenue of the network services. The simulation proved that this bandwidth allocation can guarantee better QoS for high class traffic and generate higher revenues compared with the other two practically used methods in the telecom, industry.
To continue the above research, traffics distributed bandwidth allocation and pricing for homogenous traffics in ADSL network are studied. Adopting the ATM technology architecture and resource management format based on Virtual Circuit (VC) and Virtual Path (VP), the network provider and subscribers are modeled as Stackelberg Game. The global flow rate control optimization problem is divided to several sub-problems and the solution of the sub-problmes is also the Pareto solution of the global problem. By comparative study with the fixed pricing strategy which is widely applied, this Stackelberg Game allocations shows profound advantages in quality guarantee and control as well as obtaining higher system benefits.
Finally, the research covers the Link sharing problem in ATM network during congestion. The fair sharing principle of traffic flow control is complemented by pricing control, the traffic connection admission control strategy based on auction mechnism is proposed and the resource is allocated according to the offer prices of subscribers via Vickrey auction.
The three aspects above represent the three focuses of this research regarding ADSL network resource allocation, which is expected to be applied for distributed billing and network resource management in telecom, networks.
本文认为价格信号可以被看作一种激励机制,用来调节有不同服务质量要求的多业务多用户的传输行为,计费本身就可以作为一种资源分配机制。基于这种思想,本研究从经济学角度分析了基于ATM技术的ADSL电信接入网网络资源分配与计费策略的关联运作机制,研究重点如下:
ADSL网络业务的不同服务等级的带宽分配和计费策略研究,采用改进的巴黎地铁定价(Paris Metro Pricing)方法,通过设定不同的价格,由用户经过非合作博弈选择自动获得不同的服务质量(QoS)等级。同时,在满足用户业务等级自选达到稳定均衡并且能够决定等级间服务质量差异的价格策略下,实行对不同等级业务的带宽分配,实现网络提供商在一定资源约束下的收益最大化。通过仿真证明,这种资源分配方案相对于目前业界普遍实施的另外两种资源分配方法能够更好地保障高等级业务质量并产生更高的收益。
作为前一个研究方面的深入,本文探讨了多用户竞争情况下同质(同等级内部)业务非中心化的带宽资源分配和计费阎题,利用ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)技术中基于虚电路(Virtual Circuit:vC)和虚通道(Virtual Path:VP)的结构和资源管理形式,将网络运营商和用户建立为一个斯坦克尔伯格博弈模型(Stackelberg Game),将一个全局流量控制优化问题分成了几个子问题,而子问题的解决方案构成整体优化问题的帕累托状态解决方案。通过与目前普遍使用的固定价格策略的对比,可得出斯坦克尔伯格博弈模型(Stackelberg)策略在质量保障和质量控制方面有明显优势,并且能取得更高的整体收益。
本论文还研究了用户方拍卖形式的业务流分配方式在ADSL网络中业务传输拥塞时的链路共享中的应用。本文从业务流量控制的共享准则与业务的计费方式结合出发,提出了基于拍卖模型的业务连接接纳控制策略,并根据用户出价的高低采用广义第二价格进行资源分配,论证了用户报价纳什均衡策略的存在,其中标价格也可同时作为业务传输收费价格参考的合理性。
本文的研究将经济学理论与通信领域的网络管理技术问题结合在一起进行了考虑,研究结果可望在网络基于QoS的分散计费和网络资源管理中获得应用。
The communication network is being developed to provide high capacity transmission capabilities. With the application of optical communication technologies, the network capacity has been increased to an un-precedent level. Mean while, the demand for multi-media traffics such as video and data increase continuously. In order to satisfy the demand, telephone networks, cable television network and computer network (e.g. Internet) are evolved to a traffic-integrated network: broadband services integrated data network. This integrated information network could provide multiple different services via the same transmission system. However, the different traffics carried on the same transmission network differ in requirements for transmission performances. The requirements of different traffics make the network management more difficult than ever. On the other hand, as access network is facing subscribers of large quantity, subscriber variety and multi-services categories lead to complex billing. The network billing therefore becomes another hot issue.
The contention of this thesis is that price signal can be considered incentive for coordinating the transmission behaviors of multi services and users, billing system itself can act as a resource allocation mechanism. Based on this philosophy, the research caters to the topics on the associated operation of ATM network resource allocation and pricing strategy. The main achievements described in this thesis include the following:
The bandwidth allocation and pricing strategy research for various classes of traffics in ADSL network. The Paris Metro Pricing method is modified and applied. By setting different prices, subscribers are encouraged to self-decide the logical path their want via non-cooperative gaming and therefore automatically obtain different QoS classes. At the same time, by applying the pricing system which can guarantee the stable equilibrium of the subscribers choice and differences in QoS classes, the bandwidth allocation for various classes are realized to maximize revenue of the network services. The simulation proved that this bandwidth allocation can guarantee better QoS for high class traffic and generate higher revenues compared with the other two practically used methods in the telecom, industry.
To continue the above research, traffics distributed bandwidth allocation and pricing for homogenous traffics in ADSL network are studied. Adopting the ATM technology architecture and resource management format based on Virtual Circuit (VC) and Virtual Path (VP), the network provider and subscribers are modeled as Stackelberg Game. The global flow rate control optimization problem is divided to several sub-problems and the solution of the sub-problmes is also the Pareto solution of the global problem. By comparative study with the fixed pricing strategy which is widely applied, this Stackelberg Game allocations shows profound advantages in quality guarantee and control as well as obtaining higher system benefits.
Finally, the research covers the Link sharing problem in ATM network during congestion. The fair sharing principle of traffic flow control is complemented by pricing control, the traffic connection admission control strategy based on auction mechnism is proposed and the resource is allocated according to the offer prices of subscribers via Vickrey auction.
The three aspects above represent the three focuses of this research regarding ADSL network resource allocation, which is expected to be applied for distributed billing and network resource management in telecom, networks.
引文
[1]黄兵.面向FTTx演进的下一代宽带接入平台.通信世界,2005年,44期:104-107.
[2]Castells,M..The Rise of the Network Society.Cambridge,Massachusetts:Blackwell Publishers,1998.
[3]Mueller,Milton.Telecom Policy and Digital Convergence-Hong Kong.The Hong Kong Economic Policy Studies Series,City University of Hong Kong Press,1997.
[4]黄涛.全业务电信网络融合的思路探讨.通信世界B,2006年,11期:52-55.
[5]刘谦,陈洁.接入网发展趋势.通信管理与技术,2006年,06期:40-43.
[6]宋述燕,吴军.家庭网络业务平台与NGN业务平台的融合.光通信研究,2007年,01期:61-63.
[7]马秀芳,时和平.IP网络中的QoS研究.http://www.ctiforum.com/forum/forum.htm,2003-11-10
[8]杨震,崔丙峰,丁玮.基于定价的网络资源分配策略.北京邮电大学学报,2005年,04期:3-6.
[9]爱立信.爱立信:全业务宽带推动电信网络发展.现代电信科技,2007年,04期:59-63.
[10]CCITT:Recommendation I.121.Broadband Aspects of ISDN,Geneva,1991.
[11]周璋鹏,曾丽珍.宽带综合业务接入网中DSLAM QoS的研究和应用.光通信技术,2006年,03期:41-45.
[12]Murphy,J.,L.Murphy and E.C.Posner.Distributed Pricing for Embedded ATM Networks.http://www.eeng.dcu.ie/～murphyi/dist-price/dist-price.html,1995-06-08
[13]卢顺,戎蒙恬.DSLAM的用户接入业务类型(QoS)及其实现.微型电脑应用,2004年,07期:8-12.
[14]陶军,林辉.非合作流速与拥塞控制博弈的应用.东南大学学报(自然科学版),2006年,01期:83-87.
[15]陈继光,周亚平,陈波.网络服务中基于流量的定价策略.运筹与管理.2005年,04期:41-45.
[16]Ostrom,Thomas.Computer Simulation:The Third Symbol System.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1998,24:Page 381-392.
[17]Altmana,E.,T.Boulognea,R.El-Azouzia.A survey on networking games in telecommunications.Computers & Operations Research,2006,33:Page 286-311
[18]Carpenter,T,K.R.Krishnan,D.Shallcross.Enhancements to Traffic Engineering for Multiprotocol Switching.in Proceedings of International Teletraffic Symposion ITC-17,December 2001:Page 213-222.
[19]Gibney,M.A.,N.R.Jennings.Dynamic Resource Allocation By Market-Based Routing in Telecommunication Networks.http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/～nrj/download-files/iata98.pdf 1998-11-07
[20]Dantzig,G.B.,P.Wolfe.The decomposition principle for linear programs.Operations Research,1960,8:Page 101-111.
[21]Benders,J.F..Partitioning procedures for solving mixed-variables programming problems.Numerische Mathematik.1962,4:Page 238-252.
[22]Wolfstetter,E..Topics in Microeconomics-Industrial Organization,Auctions,and Incentives:Cambridge Press,1999,Chapters 8-10.
[23]孔淑红.网络成本分配与因特网市场定价模型分析.北京电子科技学院学报,2004年,第2期:11-15.
[24]MacKie-Mason,J.and H.Varian.Pricing Congestible Network Resources.IEEE JSAC,Sept.1995,vol.13,no.7:Page 1141-1149.
[25]Aldebert,M.M.and C.Roucolle.Telecommunications Demand and Pricing Structure:An Econometric Analysis.in Proceedings of the 7~(th) International Conference on Telecommunication Systems:Modeling and Analysis,March 1999,Page 255-267.
[26]Bouras,C.,A.Sevasti.Pricing QoS over Transport Networks.Internet Research,2004,Volume 14,Number 2:Page 167-174.
[27]Clark,D.D..A model for cost allocation and pricing in the Internet.Internet Economics: MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996,Page 155-168
[28] Fudenberg.D and J. Tirole, Game Theory. L. W. McKnight and J. P. Bailey, Eds. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1991.
[29] Fankhauser, G., Stiller, B., Vo¨ gtli, C.. Reservation-based charging in an integrated services network, in Proceedings 4th Informs Telecommunications Conference, 1998: Page524-533.
[30] Fankhauser,G and B. Plattner. Diffserv Bandwidth Brokers as Mini-Markets. in The MIT/Tufts Internet Service Quality Economics Workshop: Cambridge, MA, December 1999.
[31] Falkner,M, M. Devetsikiotis, and I. Lambadaris. An Overview of Pricing Concepts for Broadband IP Networks. IEEE Communications Review,2000, Vol.3, No.2: Page 2-13.
[32] DaSilva, L.A.. Pricing for QoS-enabled networks: a Survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2000,Vol.3 No. 2: Page 14-20.
[33] MacKie-Mason,J.and J. Murphy. Responsive Pricing in the Internet. Internet Economics. L. W. McKnight and J. P. Bailey, Eds., Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1997, Page 279-303.
[34] Clark,D.D.. Combining Sender and Receiver Payments in the Internet. in Telecommunications Research Policy Conf., Oct. 1996.
[35] Shenker,S., D. Clark and D. Estrin. Pricing in Computer Networks: Reshaping the Research Agenda. ACM Computer Communication Review, April 1996, Vol 26, Page 19-43.
[36] Cocci,R. et al.. A Study of Priority Pricing in Multiple Service Class Networks. in Proc. Sigcomm '91: Oxford University Press, Sept. 1991 :Page 337-448.
[37] Kelly,F.. Tariffs and Effective Bandwidths in Multiservice Networks. in International Teletraffic Conf. ITC ,1994,14,Page 401-410.
[38] Semret,N., R. R.-F. Liao and A. T. Campbell. Market Pricing of Differential Internet Services. in 7th IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQOS'99), London, May 1999, Page 184-193.
[39] DaSilva,L.A., D. W. Petr and N. Akar. Equilibrium Pricing in Multiservice Priority-Based Networks, IEEE Globecom, 1997: Page 281-393.
[40]DaSilva,L.A.,D.W.Petr and N.Akar.Static Pricing and Quality of Service in Multiple Service Networks.in 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Informatics,part of 5th Joint Conference on Information Sciences,2000.
[41]Kelly,F.,A.K.Maulloo and D.K.H.Tan.Rate Control for Communication Networks:Shadow Prices.Proportional Fairness,and Stability.Journal of the Operational Research Society,1998,49,Page.237-252.
[42]Odlyzko,A.M..A modest proposal for preventing Internet congestion,in AT&T Research Lab,Tech Report,1997
[43]Odlyzko,A..Paris metro pricing for the internet,in Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Electronic commerce,November 1999,Page 140-147.
[44]Kelly,F..Charging and Rate Control for Elastic Traffic.in Presentation given at Nortel Networks,Nov.6,1998
[45]Neumann,Von,John,and Oskar Morgenstern.Theory of Games and Economic Behavior.Princeton:Princeton University Press,1944.
[46]Mackie-Mason,J.K.and H.R.Varian.Pricing the Internet.in Int'l Conf.Telecommunication Systems Modelling,Nashville,TN,USA,March 1994,Page 378-393.
[47]Edell,R.N.McKeown and P.Varaiya.Billing Users and Pricing for TCP.IEEE JSAC,Sept.1995,vol.13,No.7:Page 1-14.
[48]Richard J.La and Venkat Anantharam.Optimal Routing Control:Repeated Game Approach.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,March 2002,Vol.47,No.3:Page 177-182.
[49]Basar.T and R.Srikant.A Stackelberg Network Game with a Large Number of Followers.J.Optimization Theory and Applications,Dec.2002,115(3):Page 479-490.
[50]王国才.基于广义第二价格拍卖的多级带宽定价模型.上海理工大学学报2005年,03期:35-39.
[51]Damme,Van,E.Stability and perfection of Nash equilibria.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1987.
[52]Lyapunov,A.M..The General Problem of the Stability of Motion.Kharkov,Russia: Kharkov Mathematical Society,1892.
[53]虞振昕.Quidway S8016的QoS控制机制.华为技术报,2002,第148期.
[54]Martin van der Zee.Quality of Service Routing.in Open Report of Ericsson,July 1999.
[55]Tzeng,H.Y.and K Y Siu.On Max-Min Fair Congestion Control for Multicast ABR Service in ATM.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,Apr.1997,15(3):Page 545-555.
[56]高鸿业,刘文怟,冯金华等.西方经济学.第二版,北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999年.
[57]Brownlee,N.C.Loosley.Fundamentals of Internet Measurement:A Tutorial.CMG Journal of Computer Resource Management,Spring 2001,Issue 102,Page 203-217.
[58]Xu,P,G.Michailidis.Online Scheduling for Resource Allocation of Differentiated Services:Optimal Settings and Sensitivity Analysis.http://www.samsi.info/TR/tr2004-13.pdf,2004-03-29
[59]Gupta,A.et al..Priority Pricing of Integrated Services Networks.Internet Economics.L.W.McKnight and J.P.Bailey,Eds.,Cambridge,Massachusetts:MIT Press,1997,Page 323-352.
[60]He,L.and J.Walrand.Pricing Differentiated Internet Services.http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu//-linhai/publications/DiffServ_talk.pdf,2004-04-14
[61]Courcoubetis,C.,Kelly,F.P.and Weber,R..Measurement-based charging in communications networks.Technical Report 1997-19,Cambridge:University of Cambridge,1997.
[62]Zhang,J.and T.Hamalainen.Optimal Resource Allocation Scheme for Maximizing Revenue in the future IP Networks.http://www.cc.jyu.fi/-zhang/Papers/Conference/APCC2OO4.pdf,2004-07-02
[63]Luenberger,D.G.Linear and Nonlinear Programming.2nd Ed.:Addison-Wesley,1984.
[64]Kelly,F.P..Charging and Accounting for Bursty Connections.Presented at MIT Workshop on Internet Economics,March 1995.
[65]Kelly,F.P..On Tariffs,Policing and Admission Control of Multi-service Networks.Operations Research Letters,1994,15,Page 1-9.
[66]龚汉东,叶梧,冯穗力.一种基于等效带宽的OFDM系统跨层资源分配方案.科学技术与工程.2006年,13期:139-143.
[67]Yao,Jun,Yi Duan and Jianyu Pan.Implementation of a Multihoming Agent for Mobile On-board Communication.Technical Report,UNSW-CSE-TR-0508,March 2005.
[68]Varian,H.R..Microeconomic Analysis"(Third Ed.):W.E.Norton & Company Inc.1992.
[69]Basar,T.,and R.Srikant.Revenue-Maximizing Pricing and Capacity Expansion in a Many-Users Regime.in Proc.IEEE Infocom 2002,New York,June 23-27,2002,Page 1556-1563.
[70]陶军,吴清亮,吴强.基于非合作竞价博弈的网络资源分配算法的应用研究.电子学报,2006年,02期:138-142.
[71]Stidham,S,S.Building.Pricing and Congestion Management in a Network with Heterogeneous Users.http://www.unc.edu/-sandy/papers/pric1103.pdf,2003-11-25
[72]Ravi Bapna,Paulo Goes and Alok Gupta.Prediction Bidders' Willingness to Pay in Online Multi-unit Ascending Auctions:Analytical and Empirical Insights.http://misrc.umn.edu/workshops/2003/fall/goes_103103a.pdf,2003-06-13
[73]Semeria,Ch.And F.Fuller.3com's Strategy for Delivering Differentiated Service Levels.Http://www.3com.com/technology/tech_net/white_papers/500652.html,1999
[74]Tansu Alpcan and Tamer Basar.A Game-Theoretic Framework for Congestion Control.in Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control,2002:Page 442-451
[75]ATM Forum.Traffic Management Specification Version 4.0.Tech.Report,AFTM-0056.000,1996.
[76]陈晓梅,党岗,苏金树.引入价格因素的网络资源分配模型与算法实现.国防 科技大学学报,2007年,06期:38-42.
[77]Wang,X.and H.Schulzrinne.Performance Study of Congestion Price-based adaptive service,in Proceedings NOSSDAV 2000:Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video,NC,2000,Page 1-10.
[78]Ohsaki,H.,et.al..Rate-Based Congestion Control for ATM Networks.ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,1995,Page 60-72.
[79]Jain,R.et al..The ERICA Switch Algorithm for ABR Traffic Management.ATM Networks.1997:Page 78-83
[80]Vickrey,W..Counterspeculation Auctions,and Competitive Sealed Tenders.Journal of Finance,1961,16:Page 8-37.
[81]Bessler,Sandford and Peter Reichl.Auction-based Optimal Dimensioning of MPLS Tunnels.ITC Specialist Seminar,July 2002.
[82]陈惠民,王普,李衍达,一种基于对策模型的ATM网络连接接纳控制策略.电子科学学刊,1998年5月:650-655.
[83]Sun Jun,Lizhong Zheng and Eytan Modiano.Wireless Channel Allocation Using An Auction Algorithm.NASA Space Commtmication Project,2003.
[84]钟伯成,韩江洪.网络速率控制的博弈模型.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007年,09期:26-30.
[85]Aurel A.Lazar,Ariel Orda and Dimitrios E.Pendarakis.Virtual Path Bandwidth Allocation in Multiuser Networks.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,December 1997,Vol.5,No.6:Page 861-871.
[86]卞正皑,刘波,罗军舟.基于合作博弈的移动代理网管任务协作模型.计算机研究与发展,2007年,02期:80-84.
[2]Castells,M..The Rise of the Network Society.Cambridge,Massachusetts:Blackwell Publishers,1998.
[3]Mueller,Milton.Telecom Policy and Digital Convergence-Hong Kong.The Hong Kong Economic Policy Studies Series,City University of Hong Kong Press,1997.
[4]黄涛.全业务电信网络融合的思路探讨.通信世界B,2006年,11期:52-55.
[5]刘谦,陈洁.接入网发展趋势.通信管理与技术,2006年,06期:40-43.
[6]宋述燕,吴军.家庭网络业务平台与NGN业务平台的融合.光通信研究,2007年,01期:61-63.
[7]马秀芳,时和平.IP网络中的QoS研究.http://www.ctiforum.com/forum/forum.htm,2003-11-10
[8]杨震,崔丙峰,丁玮.基于定价的网络资源分配策略.北京邮电大学学报,2005年,04期:3-6.
[9]爱立信.爱立信:全业务宽带推动电信网络发展.现代电信科技,2007年,04期:59-63.
[10]CCITT:Recommendation I.121.Broadband Aspects of ISDN,Geneva,1991.
[11]周璋鹏,曾丽珍.宽带综合业务接入网中DSLAM QoS的研究和应用.光通信技术,2006年,03期:41-45.
[12]Murphy,J.,L.Murphy and E.C.Posner.Distributed Pricing for Embedded ATM Networks.http://www.eeng.dcu.ie/～murphyi/dist-price/dist-price.html,1995-06-08
[13]卢顺,戎蒙恬.DSLAM的用户接入业务类型(QoS)及其实现.微型电脑应用,2004年,07期:8-12.
[14]陶军,林辉.非合作流速与拥塞控制博弈的应用.东南大学学报(自然科学版),2006年,01期:83-87.
[15]陈继光,周亚平,陈波.网络服务中基于流量的定价策略.运筹与管理.2005年,04期:41-45.
[16]Ostrom,Thomas.Computer Simulation:The Third Symbol System.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1998,24:Page 381-392.
[17]Altmana,E.,T.Boulognea,R.El-Azouzia.A survey on networking games in telecommunications.Computers & Operations Research,2006,33:Page 286-311
[18]Carpenter,T,K.R.Krishnan,D.Shallcross.Enhancements to Traffic Engineering for Multiprotocol Switching.in Proceedings of International Teletraffic Symposion ITC-17,December 2001:Page 213-222.
[19]Gibney,M.A.,N.R.Jennings.Dynamic Resource Allocation By Market-Based Routing in Telecommunication Networks.http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/～nrj/download-files/iata98.pdf 1998-11-07
[20]Dantzig,G.B.,P.Wolfe.The decomposition principle for linear programs.Operations Research,1960,8:Page 101-111.
[21]Benders,J.F..Partitioning procedures for solving mixed-variables programming problems.Numerische Mathematik.1962,4:Page 238-252.
[22]Wolfstetter,E..Topics in Microeconomics-Industrial Organization,Auctions,and Incentives:Cambridge Press,1999,Chapters 8-10.
[23]孔淑红.网络成本分配与因特网市场定价模型分析.北京电子科技学院学报,2004年,第2期:11-15.
[24]MacKie-Mason,J.and H.Varian.Pricing Congestible Network Resources.IEEE JSAC,Sept.1995,vol.13,no.7:Page 1141-1149.
[25]Aldebert,M.M.and C.Roucolle.Telecommunications Demand and Pricing Structure:An Econometric Analysis.in Proceedings of the 7~(th) International Conference on Telecommunication Systems:Modeling and Analysis,March 1999,Page 255-267.
[26]Bouras,C.,A.Sevasti.Pricing QoS over Transport Networks.Internet Research,2004,Volume 14,Number 2:Page 167-174.
[27]Clark,D.D..A model for cost allocation and pricing in the Internet.Internet Economics: MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996,Page 155-168
[28] Fudenberg.D and J. Tirole, Game Theory. L. W. McKnight and J. P. Bailey, Eds. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1991.
[29] Fankhauser, G., Stiller, B., Vo¨ gtli, C.. Reservation-based charging in an integrated services network, in Proceedings 4th Informs Telecommunications Conference, 1998: Page524-533.
[30] Fankhauser,G and B. Plattner. Diffserv Bandwidth Brokers as Mini-Markets. in The MIT/Tufts Internet Service Quality Economics Workshop: Cambridge, MA, December 1999.
[31] Falkner,M, M. Devetsikiotis, and I. Lambadaris. An Overview of Pricing Concepts for Broadband IP Networks. IEEE Communications Review,2000, Vol.3, No.2: Page 2-13.
[32] DaSilva, L.A.. Pricing for QoS-enabled networks: a Survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2000,Vol.3 No. 2: Page 14-20.
[33] MacKie-Mason,J.and J. Murphy. Responsive Pricing in the Internet. Internet Economics. L. W. McKnight and J. P. Bailey, Eds., Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1997, Page 279-303.
[34] Clark,D.D.. Combining Sender and Receiver Payments in the Internet. in Telecommunications Research Policy Conf., Oct. 1996.
[35] Shenker,S., D. Clark and D. Estrin. Pricing in Computer Networks: Reshaping the Research Agenda. ACM Computer Communication Review, April 1996, Vol 26, Page 19-43.
[36] Cocci,R. et al.. A Study of Priority Pricing in Multiple Service Class Networks. in Proc. Sigcomm '91: Oxford University Press, Sept. 1991 :Page 337-448.
[37] Kelly,F.. Tariffs and Effective Bandwidths in Multiservice Networks. in International Teletraffic Conf. ITC ,1994,14,Page 401-410.
[38] Semret,N., R. R.-F. Liao and A. T. Campbell. Market Pricing of Differential Internet Services. in 7th IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQOS'99), London, May 1999, Page 184-193.
[39] DaSilva,L.A., D. W. Petr and N. Akar. Equilibrium Pricing in Multiservice Priority-Based Networks, IEEE Globecom, 1997: Page 281-393.
[40]DaSilva,L.A.,D.W.Petr and N.Akar.Static Pricing and Quality of Service in Multiple Service Networks.in 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Informatics,part of 5th Joint Conference on Information Sciences,2000.
[41]Kelly,F.,A.K.Maulloo and D.K.H.Tan.Rate Control for Communication Networks:Shadow Prices.Proportional Fairness,and Stability.Journal of the Operational Research Society,1998,49,Page.237-252.
[42]Odlyzko,A.M..A modest proposal for preventing Internet congestion,in AT&T Research Lab,Tech Report,1997
[43]Odlyzko,A..Paris metro pricing for the internet,in Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Electronic commerce,November 1999,Page 140-147.
[44]Kelly,F..Charging and Rate Control for Elastic Traffic.in Presentation given at Nortel Networks,Nov.6,1998
[45]Neumann,Von,John,and Oskar Morgenstern.Theory of Games and Economic Behavior.Princeton:Princeton University Press,1944.
[46]Mackie-Mason,J.K.and H.R.Varian.Pricing the Internet.in Int'l Conf.Telecommunication Systems Modelling,Nashville,TN,USA,March 1994,Page 378-393.
[47]Edell,R.N.McKeown and P.Varaiya.Billing Users and Pricing for TCP.IEEE JSAC,Sept.1995,vol.13,No.7:Page 1-14.
[48]Richard J.La and Venkat Anantharam.Optimal Routing Control:Repeated Game Approach.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,March 2002,Vol.47,No.3:Page 177-182.
[49]Basar.T and R.Srikant.A Stackelberg Network Game with a Large Number of Followers.J.Optimization Theory and Applications,Dec.2002,115(3):Page 479-490.
[50]王国才.基于广义第二价格拍卖的多级带宽定价模型.上海理工大学学报2005年,03期:35-39.
[51]Damme,Van,E.Stability and perfection of Nash equilibria.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1987.
[52]Lyapunov,A.M..The General Problem of the Stability of Motion.Kharkov,Russia: Kharkov Mathematical Society,1892.
[53]虞振昕.Quidway S8016的QoS控制机制.华为技术报,2002,第148期.
[54]Martin van der Zee.Quality of Service Routing.in Open Report of Ericsson,July 1999.
[55]Tzeng,H.Y.and K Y Siu.On Max-Min Fair Congestion Control for Multicast ABR Service in ATM.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,Apr.1997,15(3):Page 545-555.
[56]高鸿业,刘文怟,冯金华等.西方经济学.第二版,北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999年.
[57]Brownlee,N.C.Loosley.Fundamentals of Internet Measurement:A Tutorial.CMG Journal of Computer Resource Management,Spring 2001,Issue 102,Page 203-217.
[58]Xu,P,G.Michailidis.Online Scheduling for Resource Allocation of Differentiated Services:Optimal Settings and Sensitivity Analysis.http://www.samsi.info/TR/tr2004-13.pdf,2004-03-29
[59]Gupta,A.et al..Priority Pricing of Integrated Services Networks.Internet Economics.L.W.McKnight and J.P.Bailey,Eds.,Cambridge,Massachusetts:MIT Press,1997,Page 323-352.
[60]He,L.and J.Walrand.Pricing Differentiated Internet Services.http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu//-linhai/publications/DiffServ_talk.pdf,2004-04-14
[61]Courcoubetis,C.,Kelly,F.P.and Weber,R..Measurement-based charging in communications networks.Technical Report 1997-19,Cambridge:University of Cambridge,1997.
[62]Zhang,J.and T.Hamalainen.Optimal Resource Allocation Scheme for Maximizing Revenue in the future IP Networks.http://www.cc.jyu.fi/-zhang/Papers/Conference/APCC2OO4.pdf,2004-07-02
[63]Luenberger,D.G.Linear and Nonlinear Programming.2nd Ed.:Addison-Wesley,1984.
[64]Kelly,F.P..Charging and Accounting for Bursty Connections.Presented at MIT Workshop on Internet Economics,March 1995.
[65]Kelly,F.P..On Tariffs,Policing and Admission Control of Multi-service Networks.Operations Research Letters,1994,15,Page 1-9.
[66]龚汉东,叶梧,冯穗力.一种基于等效带宽的OFDM系统跨层资源分配方案.科学技术与工程.2006年,13期:139-143.
[67]Yao,Jun,Yi Duan and Jianyu Pan.Implementation of a Multihoming Agent for Mobile On-board Communication.Technical Report,UNSW-CSE-TR-0508,March 2005.
[68]Varian,H.R..Microeconomic Analysis"(Third Ed.):W.E.Norton & Company Inc.1992.
[69]Basar,T.,and R.Srikant.Revenue-Maximizing Pricing and Capacity Expansion in a Many-Users Regime.in Proc.IEEE Infocom 2002,New York,June 23-27,2002,Page 1556-1563.
[70]陶军,吴清亮,吴强.基于非合作竞价博弈的网络资源分配算法的应用研究.电子学报,2006年,02期:138-142.
[71]Stidham,S,S.Building.Pricing and Congestion Management in a Network with Heterogeneous Users.http://www.unc.edu/-sandy/papers/pric1103.pdf,2003-11-25
[72]Ravi Bapna,Paulo Goes and Alok Gupta.Prediction Bidders' Willingness to Pay in Online Multi-unit Ascending Auctions:Analytical and Empirical Insights.http://misrc.umn.edu/workshops/2003/fall/goes_103103a.pdf,2003-06-13
[73]Semeria,Ch.And F.Fuller.3com's Strategy for Delivering Differentiated Service Levels.Http://www.3com.com/technology/tech_net/white_papers/500652.html,1999
[74]Tansu Alpcan and Tamer Basar.A Game-Theoretic Framework for Congestion Control.in Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control,2002:Page 442-451
[75]ATM Forum.Traffic Management Specification Version 4.0.Tech.Report,AFTM-0056.000,1996.
[76]陈晓梅,党岗,苏金树.引入价格因素的网络资源分配模型与算法实现.国防 科技大学学报,2007年,06期:38-42.
[77]Wang,X.and H.Schulzrinne.Performance Study of Congestion Price-based adaptive service,in Proceedings NOSSDAV 2000:Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video,NC,2000,Page 1-10.
[78]Ohsaki,H.,et.al..Rate-Based Congestion Control for ATM Networks.ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,1995,Page 60-72.
[79]Jain,R.et al..The ERICA Switch Algorithm for ABR Traffic Management.ATM Networks.1997:Page 78-83
[80]Vickrey,W..Counterspeculation Auctions,and Competitive Sealed Tenders.Journal of Finance,1961,16:Page 8-37.
[81]Bessler,Sandford and Peter Reichl.Auction-based Optimal Dimensioning of MPLS Tunnels.ITC Specialist Seminar,July 2002.
[82]陈惠民,王普,李衍达,一种基于对策模型的ATM网络连接接纳控制策略.电子科学学刊,1998年5月:650-655.
[83]Sun Jun,Lizhong Zheng and Eytan Modiano.Wireless Channel Allocation Using An Auction Algorithm.NASA Space Commtmication Project,2003.
[84]钟伯成,韩江洪.网络速率控制的博弈模型.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007年,09期:26-30.
[85]Aurel A.Lazar,Ariel Orda and Dimitrios E.Pendarakis.Virtual Path Bandwidth Allocation in Multiuser Networks.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,December 1997,Vol.5,No.6:Page 861-871.
[86]卞正皑,刘波,罗军舟.基于合作博弈的移动代理网管任务协作模型.计算机研究与发展,2007年,02期:80-84.