玉米抗大斑病种质的抗性基因分析
摘要
大斑突脐孢菌(Exserohilum turcicum)引起的玉米大斑病是世界性流行病害，目前该菌已成为影响我国玉米生产的主要病原菌之一。利用抗病品种是防治大斑病最为经济、有效的措施。玉米与玉米大斑病菌间的互作符合Flor的“基因对基因”假说，因此可以利用基因推导方法对玉米资源进行抗大斑病基因鉴定。随着分子标记技术的发展和应用，包括玉米大斑病抗性基因在内的许多植物抗病基因被分子定位和作图。利用与抗病基因紧密连锁的分子标记对抗病资源进行检测是鉴定抗病基因快速而有效的方法。本研究对100份抗大斑病玉米资源进行了抗性基因推导，分析了部分已发表的抗大斑病基因连锁标记的实用性，利用SSR和RAPD分析技术构建了抗大斑病基因的新的连锁标记，并利用有效的标记检测了抗性种质中可能携带的抗性基因。主要研究结果如下：
1．用喷雾接种法鉴定了100份抗大斑病玉米资源，通过分析寄主与病菌小种的互作模式，确认49份玉米资源携带Ht1基因，占供试资源的49％；24份携带Ht2基因，占供试资源的24％；29份携带Ht3基因，占供试资源的29％；13份携带HtN基因，占供试资源的13％。
2．利用含不同抗大斑病基因背景的黄早四近等基因系对已报道的与抗性基因Ht2连锁的引物umc1202、bnlg1152、umc1149和SD-06_(633)，与抗性基因Ht3连锁的引物bnlg1666进行了扩增检测。结果发现这5对引物在近等基因系内均有有效扩增，且片段大小基本一致，并未产生多态性扩增或与相关抗性基因背景一致的特异性的扩增。
3．利用4个成对近等基因系对29对SSR引物分别进行检测，发现只有位于染色体7.04区域的引物umc1684在黄早四Ht3和黄早四这对近等基因系内的扩增具有多态性，初步推测umc1684与Ht3连锁。
4．利用30条RAPD引物对黄早四近等基因系进行了扩增，发现引物S1004、S1008、S1009、S1012、S1013的扩增产生特异性条带。对这些特异条带进行同收、测序、引物设计、扩增检测，获得与Ht3抗性基因连锁的SCAR引物对5C-509_(656)和与HtN抗性基因连锁的SCAR引物对SC-S13_(314)。利用这两对引物对100份抗性资源进行鉴定，检测出20份材料中携带Ht3基因，10份材料中携带HtN基因，结果与基因推导方法一致。
Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), caused by Exserohilum turcicum, is one of the mostdestructive diseases in maize productions and is worldwide distribution including China. The useof resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective strategy to control the disease. E.turcicum-maize interaction is a typical model of gene-for-gene relationship, so the resistance genesin maize can be postulated based on the model. Many disease resistance genes including someNCLB resistance genes have been mapped using molecular marker. Using tightly linked markersto detect resistant genotype in germplasm has been becoming a rapid and effective way. Theobjectives of this study were to determine resistant genotypes in maize gemplasm screened asphenotype of resistantce to NCLB during 1986 to 2004.
1. Using spray inoculation technique, 100 resistant germplasms were identified for theinteraction types with different virulent races. The results showed that Ht1 gene was in 49germplasms, account for 49%; Ht2 gene in 24 germplasms, account for 24%; Ht3 gene in 29germplasms, account for 29%; HtN gene in 13 germplasms, account for 13%.
2. Five pairs of primers, umc1202, bnlg1152, umc1149 and SD-06_(633) linked to Ht2 gene andbnlg1666 linked to HtN gene, were retested for the practicability in resistant gene markingusing NIL Huangzaosi. The results showed that no any specific or polymorphic fragmentswere amplyfied in all of the primers.
3. 29 SSR primers were amplified for identifying the linkage with resistant genes. The resultsshowed that only one pair of primers (umc1684), located on chromosome 7.04, producedpolymorphic fragments between Huangzaosi and Huangzaosi Ht3. It means that umc1684should be linked to Ht3 gene.
4. 30 RAPD primers were used to analyze the linkege with resistance genes in NIL Huangzaosi.Five of them (S1004、S1008、S1009、S1012、S1013) were specific amplify. The specificfragments were converted to be sequenced characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers.One SCAR marker (SC-S09_(656)) was identified to be linked to Ht3 and another SCAR marker(SC-S13_(314)) was identified to be linked to HtN. SC-S09_(656) and SC-S13_(314) were used to identify100 resistant germplasms, and Ht3 gene was found in 20 germplasms and HtN gene in 10germplasms. This result was same with the result tested with different races.
1．用喷雾接种法鉴定了100份抗大斑病玉米资源，通过分析寄主与病菌小种的互作模式，确认49份玉米资源携带Ht1基因，占供试资源的49％；24份携带Ht2基因，占供试资源的24％；29份携带Ht3基因，占供试资源的29％；13份携带HtN基因，占供试资源的13％。
2．利用含不同抗大斑病基因背景的黄早四近等基因系对已报道的与抗性基因Ht2连锁的引物umc1202、bnlg1152、umc1149和SD-06_(633)，与抗性基因Ht3连锁的引物bnlg1666进行了扩增检测。结果发现这5对引物在近等基因系内均有有效扩增，且片段大小基本一致，并未产生多态性扩增或与相关抗性基因背景一致的特异性的扩增。
3．利用4个成对近等基因系对29对SSR引物分别进行检测，发现只有位于染色体7.04区域的引物umc1684在黄早四Ht3和黄早四这对近等基因系内的扩增具有多态性，初步推测umc1684与Ht3连锁。
4．利用30条RAPD引物对黄早四近等基因系进行了扩增，发现引物S1004、S1008、S1009、S1012、S1013的扩增产生特异性条带。对这些特异条带进行同收、测序、引物设计、扩增检测，获得与Ht3抗性基因连锁的SCAR引物对5C-509_(656)和与HtN抗性基因连锁的SCAR引物对SC-S13_(314)。利用这两对引物对100份抗性资源进行鉴定，检测出20份材料中携带Ht3基因，10份材料中携带HtN基因，结果与基因推导方法一致。
Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), caused by Exserohilum turcicum, is one of the mostdestructive diseases in maize productions and is worldwide distribution including China. The useof resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective strategy to control the disease. E.turcicum-maize interaction is a typical model of gene-for-gene relationship, so the resistance genesin maize can be postulated based on the model. Many disease resistance genes including someNCLB resistance genes have been mapped using molecular marker. Using tightly linked markersto detect resistant genotype in germplasm has been becoming a rapid and effective way. Theobjectives of this study were to determine resistant genotypes in maize gemplasm screened asphenotype of resistantce to NCLB during 1986 to 2004.
1. Using spray inoculation technique, 100 resistant germplasms were identified for theinteraction types with different virulent races. The results showed that Ht1 gene was in 49germplasms, account for 49%; Ht2 gene in 24 germplasms, account for 24%; Ht3 gene in 29germplasms, account for 29%; HtN gene in 13 germplasms, account for 13%.
2. Five pairs of primers, umc1202, bnlg1152, umc1149 and SD-06_(633) linked to Ht2 gene andbnlg1666 linked to HtN gene, were retested for the practicability in resistant gene markingusing NIL Huangzaosi. The results showed that no any specific or polymorphic fragmentswere amplyfied in all of the primers.
3. 29 SSR primers were amplified for identifying the linkage with resistant genes. The resultsshowed that only one pair of primers (umc1684), located on chromosome 7.04, producedpolymorphic fragments between Huangzaosi and Huangzaosi Ht3. It means that umc1684should be linked to Ht3 gene.
4. 30 RAPD primers were used to analyze the linkege with resistance genes in NIL Huangzaosi.Five of them (S1004、S1008、S1009、S1012、S1013) were specific amplify. The specificfragments were converted to be sequenced characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers.One SCAR marker (SC-S09_(656)) was identified to be linked to Ht3 and another SCAR marker(SC-S13_(314)) was identified to be linked to HtN. SC-S09_(656) and SC-S13_(314) were used to identify100 resistant germplasms, and Ht3 gene was found in 20 germplasms and HtN gene in 10germplasms. This result was same with the result tested with different races.
引文
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