种植密度对不同株型玉米品种生长及籽粒产量的影响
|
摘要
针对冀东地区玉米生产中多年来种植习惯以平展大穗型为主、栽培管理较粗放、常有春旱的威胁、近年来生产用种多而乱等各种因素造成玉米单产水平提高不明显的实际问题,选用目前生产上推广面积较大的紧凑型玉米品种郑单958、郑单18以及中间型玉米品种中单9409、农大108对其在不同种植密度下的叶片生长动态、叶面积变化动态、干物质积累动态以及产量性状、籽粒产量的变化趋势进行了分析研究。
1、种植密度对紧凑型和中间型春玉米品种播种~出苗、出苗~拔节、吐丝~成熟所持续的天数没有影响;但对拔节~抽雄、抽雄~吐丝以及全生育期所持续的时间有一定影响。在高密度条件下,两个类型玉米品种拔节~抽雄以及全生育期所需时间略有延长。
2、玉米一生中主茎出现的叶片数是一个相对稳定的性状,几乎不受种植密度的影响,但叶片数存在基因型差异。
春玉米植株从基部到顶端展开叶的出现速度表现为快-慢-快-慢的趋势。植株不同叶组间的出叶速度受密度的影响较小。但种植密度对玉米植株最长或最宽叶片的叶序、叶片的长度和宽度、叶片的非功能期和功能期都存在明显的调控效应。
3、不同株型品种均在低密度时株高较矮,随密度增加株高增加,到达一定密度时,随密度增加,各品种株高又有降低的趋势,但紧凑型品种与中间型品种相比株高随密度变化的反应较不敏感。
4、不同种植密度之间,各品种单株叶面积生育前期差异较小,生育中后期均表现出随种植密度增加单株叶面积降低的趋势。除生育后期外,各个时期的叶面积系数均随着种植密度增加而增加。在高密度条件下,各品种的叶面积系数在生育后期减少很快,至成熟阶段与低密度处理的差异变小。
5、春玉米各品种个体植株干物质积累量随种植密度的加大而减少。拔节前这种趋势不明显,拔节后逐步扩大。不同种植密度下各品种的群体干物质积累量的变化趋势与单株干物质积累量的变化趋势相反。
6、各个品种的穗长、穗粗、空秆率、双穗率、行粒数、穗粒数以及千粒重均随着种植密度增加而表现出一定的变化的趋势。从春玉米品种的产量性状变化趋势分析,紧凑型品种郑单958和郑单18对种植密度的敏感程度显著低于中间型品种中单9409和农大108,表明紧凑型品种郑单958和郑单18的耐密性较强。
7、品种之间、种植密度之间以及品种与种植密度互作之间,春玉米籽粒产量差异显著。综合产量性状和籽粒产量表现,四个春玉米品种在冀东地区适宜种植密度:郑单958应在4500~6000株/667m2左右,郑单18应在6000株/667m2左右,中单9409应控制在4500株/667m2左右,农大108应控制在3000~4500株/667m2左右。
There are many shortcomings in the corn planting, including sole larger-spike variety, simple management mode, drought in spring and excessive but random varieties in the eastern Hebei province, thus leads the non-significant yield improvement per unit in corn. ZHENGDAN 958 and ZHENGDAN 18 with erectophile type characteristics and ZHONGDAN 9409 and NONGDA 108 with medium-type were used to study the leaf growth dynamic, the leaf area change trends, dry matter accumulation dynamic and yield and its components trends in different planting densities in this paper.
1. Planting density had no significant effect on the lasting days in both erectophile and medium varieties from insemination to seedling stage, seedling to jointing stage, silking to mature stage while there were some influences on the lasting days from jointing to tasseling stage, tasseling to silking stage and whole stage. The lasting days of both corn types expressed longer from jointing to tasseling stage and the whole stage in high density planting situation.
2. The number of corn caulis expressed a relatively stability in the whole stage, which was hardly affected by the planting density. However, the number of leaves varied with the different corn genotypes.
The leaf expanding speed of spring-corn from bottom to top expressed a slow-fast-slow tend and the different leaf-group had almost expanding speed less affected by the density. However, the planting density existed apparent effects on lamina sequence of the longest or widest leaf, the leaf length and width, and functioning stage and non-functioning stage of leaves.
3. Both corn types expressed relatively dwarf in the low density, and became higher with the increase of density. At the certain density, plant height became shorter. Comparison with medium type, erectophile variety showed less sensitive to planting density.
4. Both corn types in different planting densities showed less difference of leaf area in the early growth stage, but in the later growth stage the leaf area decreased with the increase of planting density.
5. The dry matter accumulation of spring corn decreased with the increase of planting density. The difference of this accumulation expanded after the jointing stage. Population dry matter accumulation was reversed as the plant dry matter accumulation in different planting density.
6. The spike length, the spike width, the percentage of plant without spike, the percentage of plant with double spike, the number of grain per line, the number of grain per spike, and 1000-grain weight expressed the same tends with the increase of planting density. The degree of sensitivity of Erectophile type of ZHENGDAN 958 and ZHENGDAN 18 to planting density showed less than that of medium type of ZHONGDAN 9409 and NONGDA 108.
7. There were significant difference of grain yield among varieties, planting densities and interaction between variety and density. All factors considered, we suggested that the best planting density of spring corn in the eastern Hebei province should be 4500-6000 seedlings/667m2 in ZHENGDAN 958, 6000 seedlings/667m2 in ZHENGDAN 18, 4500 seedlings/667m2 in ZHONGDAN 9409 and 3000-4500 seedlings/667m2 in NONGDA 108.
1、种植密度对紧凑型和中间型春玉米品种播种~出苗、出苗~拔节、吐丝~成熟所持续的天数没有影响;但对拔节~抽雄、抽雄~吐丝以及全生育期所持续的时间有一定影响。在高密度条件下,两个类型玉米品种拔节~抽雄以及全生育期所需时间略有延长。
2、玉米一生中主茎出现的叶片数是一个相对稳定的性状,几乎不受种植密度的影响,但叶片数存在基因型差异。
春玉米植株从基部到顶端展开叶的出现速度表现为快-慢-快-慢的趋势。植株不同叶组间的出叶速度受密度的影响较小。但种植密度对玉米植株最长或最宽叶片的叶序、叶片的长度和宽度、叶片的非功能期和功能期都存在明显的调控效应。
3、不同株型品种均在低密度时株高较矮,随密度增加株高增加,到达一定密度时,随密度增加,各品种株高又有降低的趋势,但紧凑型品种与中间型品种相比株高随密度变化的反应较不敏感。
4、不同种植密度之间,各品种单株叶面积生育前期差异较小,生育中后期均表现出随种植密度增加单株叶面积降低的趋势。除生育后期外,各个时期的叶面积系数均随着种植密度增加而增加。在高密度条件下,各品种的叶面积系数在生育后期减少很快,至成熟阶段与低密度处理的差异变小。
5、春玉米各品种个体植株干物质积累量随种植密度的加大而减少。拔节前这种趋势不明显,拔节后逐步扩大。不同种植密度下各品种的群体干物质积累量的变化趋势与单株干物质积累量的变化趋势相反。
6、各个品种的穗长、穗粗、空秆率、双穗率、行粒数、穗粒数以及千粒重均随着种植密度增加而表现出一定的变化的趋势。从春玉米品种的产量性状变化趋势分析,紧凑型品种郑单958和郑单18对种植密度的敏感程度显著低于中间型品种中单9409和农大108,表明紧凑型品种郑单958和郑单18的耐密性较强。
7、品种之间、种植密度之间以及品种与种植密度互作之间,春玉米籽粒产量差异显著。综合产量性状和籽粒产量表现,四个春玉米品种在冀东地区适宜种植密度:郑单958应在4500~6000株/667m2左右,郑单18应在6000株/667m2左右,中单9409应控制在4500株/667m2左右,农大108应控制在3000~4500株/667m2左右。
There are many shortcomings in the corn planting, including sole larger-spike variety, simple management mode, drought in spring and excessive but random varieties in the eastern Hebei province, thus leads the non-significant yield improvement per unit in corn. ZHENGDAN 958 and ZHENGDAN 18 with erectophile type characteristics and ZHONGDAN 9409 and NONGDA 108 with medium-type were used to study the leaf growth dynamic, the leaf area change trends, dry matter accumulation dynamic and yield and its components trends in different planting densities in this paper.
1. Planting density had no significant effect on the lasting days in both erectophile and medium varieties from insemination to seedling stage, seedling to jointing stage, silking to mature stage while there were some influences on the lasting days from jointing to tasseling stage, tasseling to silking stage and whole stage. The lasting days of both corn types expressed longer from jointing to tasseling stage and the whole stage in high density planting situation.
2. The number of corn caulis expressed a relatively stability in the whole stage, which was hardly affected by the planting density. However, the number of leaves varied with the different corn genotypes.
The leaf expanding speed of spring-corn from bottom to top expressed a slow-fast-slow tend and the different leaf-group had almost expanding speed less affected by the density. However, the planting density existed apparent effects on lamina sequence of the longest or widest leaf, the leaf length and width, and functioning stage and non-functioning stage of leaves.
3. Both corn types expressed relatively dwarf in the low density, and became higher with the increase of density. At the certain density, plant height became shorter. Comparison with medium type, erectophile variety showed less sensitive to planting density.
4. Both corn types in different planting densities showed less difference of leaf area in the early growth stage, but in the later growth stage the leaf area decreased with the increase of planting density.
5. The dry matter accumulation of spring corn decreased with the increase of planting density. The difference of this accumulation expanded after the jointing stage. Population dry matter accumulation was reversed as the plant dry matter accumulation in different planting density.
6. The spike length, the spike width, the percentage of plant without spike, the percentage of plant with double spike, the number of grain per line, the number of grain per spike, and 1000-grain weight expressed the same tends with the increase of planting density. The degree of sensitivity of Erectophile type of ZHENGDAN 958 and ZHENGDAN 18 to planting density showed less than that of medium type of ZHONGDAN 9409 and NONGDA 108.
7. There were significant difference of grain yield among varieties, planting densities and interaction between variety and density. All factors considered, we suggested that the best planting density of spring corn in the eastern Hebei province should be 4500-6000 seedlings/667m2 in ZHENGDAN 958, 6000 seedlings/667m2 in ZHENGDAN 18, 4500 seedlings/667m2 in ZHONGDAN 9409 and 3000-4500 seedlings/667m2 in NONGDA 108.
引文
[l]岳德荣.科技创新与玉米产业发展[J].玉米科学,2006,14(5):1~3.
[2]刘景辉,王树安,王志敏.中国粮食单产增长规律及预测[J].耕作与栽培,2001,5:1~5.
[3]佟屏亚.有关“超级玉米”“超高产”问题之商榷[J].玉米科学,2006,14(1):168~170.
[4]张明友,张新,王振华等.郑单22玉米不同种植植密度对产量的影响[J].农艺科学,2005,10:166~168.
[5]佟屏亚,程延年.玉米密度与产量关系的研究[J].北京农业科学,1995,2:23~25.
[6]杜天庆,郝建平.特早熟夏播玉米密度与经济产量及产量性状的关系[J].山西农业大学学报,2000,1:9~12.
[7]山东农业科学院玉米研究所编著.玉米生理[M].北京:农业出版社,1987,5.
[8]吴远彬主编.紧凑型玉米高产理论与技术[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1999,1~2.
[9]陈举林.紧凑型玉米高产生理基础及高产栽培[J].玉米科学,1995,3(2):58~60
[10]李桂芝.不同肥力水平下豫玉29号的耐密性试验[J].河南农业科学,2000,(4):7~8. [l1]赵明.我国玉米自交系株型和光合性状的演变特点[J].华北农学报,1998,13:1~4.
[12]李少坤,赵明.玉米株型研究综述[J].玉米科学,1995,4:7~11.
[13]薛吉全.玉米不同株型群体冠层特性与光能截获量及产量的关系[J].西北农业学报,1995,4(l):29~34. [l4]徐庆章.玉米株型与群体光合作用的关系研究[J].作物学报,1995,2(4):492~496.
[15]户义次.作物的光合作用和物质生产[M].北京,科学出版社,1979,365~406.
[16]连艳鲜.黄淮海平原夏玉米生态区高产杂交种形态生理特性研究[D].河南郑州,2004.
[17]周洪林.紧凑型玉米品种高产因素分析[J].玉米科学,1996,3(l):41~43.
[18]武恩吉.玉米株高整齐度与产量的关系[J].辽宁农业科学,1986:(3):8~10.
[19]曹修才.玉米株高整齐度与穗部性状关系的研究[J].玉米科学,1995,4(2):62~64.
[20]陈玉水,卢川北.玉米穗位高与株高的相关研究[J].广西农业科学,2004,35(2):111.
[21]张泽民,贾长柱.玉米株型对遗传增益的影响[J].遗传,1997,19(2):31~34.
[22]杨松.超吨粮田中玉米植株性状与穗粒重的关系[J].华北农学报,1994,9(3):112~116.
[23]杨国虎.麦套玉米栽培中玉米茎粗整齐度对其经济性状的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,1998,增刊,35~37.
[24]周文武,李桂枝.不同类型玉米杂交种对密度的反应评价[J].玉米科学,2004,12(专刊):63~65.
[25]王珍,武志海.玉米群体冠层光合速率与叶面积指数关系的初步研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,200l,23(2):9~12.
[26]王晓梅.不同密度与玉米生长发育及品质相关性的研究[J].吉林农业科学,2006,31(3):3~6.
[27]邱兴等.不同生态条件下玉米单株定向栽培密度研究与应用[J].耕作与栽培,1999.
[28]薛吉全,梁宗锁等.玉米不同株型耐密性的群体生理指标研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(l):55~59.
[29]王庆成,刘开昌.紧凑型玉米新杂交种群体结构特点和变化动态[J].山东农业科学,1998,(5):4~9.
[30]马瑞霞.种植密度对不同类型夏玉米生产力和主要生理指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,22(5):171~173.
[31]吴子恺.玉米几个光合作用性状与生物学产量及籽粒产量的关系[J].作物学报,1983,9(l):23~28.
[32]胡昌浩.玉米栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[33]Dwyer,L.M.andTollenar,M.Genetic improvement inphotosynthetic response of hybrid maize cultivars,1959 to1988[J],1989,can.J.Plant Sci.69-81.
[34]胡昌浩,董树亭.高产夏玉米群体光合速率与产量关系的研究[J].作物学报,1993,19(l):64~69.
[35]胡昌浩,潘子龙.夏玉米同化产物积累与养分吸收分配规律的研究I干物质积累与可溶性糖和氨基酸的变化规律[J].中国农业科学,1982,l:46~54.
[36]东先旺,刘树堂.掖单22超高产群体光合生理指标的研究[J].玉米科学,1999,7(3):58~61.
[37]江龙,宋碧.不同类型玉米生理特征与产量的关系[J].种子,2002,4:31~35.
[38]刘绍隶,程绍义.紧凑型玉米株型及生理特性研究.1990,5(3):20~27.
[39]刘建栋,于强,吴乃元.黄淮海地区夏玉米株型结构特征分析[J].中国农业气象,2001,2(l):6~14.
[40]B R Buttery,R I Buzzel,赵福洪译.大豆光合作用速率和叶绿素含量之间的关系[M].光合作用,北京:科学出版社,1979,72~75.
[41]Eehide Monma,Shigesaburas Jsunoda. Photosynthetic heterosis in maize[J].Japan J Breed,1979,29(2):159-165.
[42]Shigesabura Jsunoda. Photosynthetic efficieney in rice and wheat[J].Rice breeding(IRRI),1972,475~479.
[43]郑不尧,蒋钟怀.王经武.夏播“京早七号”玉米叶片叶绿素含量消长规律的研究[J].华北农学报,1988,3(l):21~27.
[44]王庆祥.高产玉米的干物质积累与分配[J].辽宁农业科学,1987,5(18):19~21.
[45]冯娟.施氮量和密度对机(撒)播油菜产量及营养品质的影响[D].四川农业大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[46]郭江.不同株型玉米品种灌浆期光合特性研究[D].河北农业大学硕士学位论文,2005
[47]刘武仁,刘凤成,冯艳春等.玉米不同密度的生理指标研究[J].玉米科学,2004,12(专刊),82~83,87.
[48]王庆成.株型紧凑对玉米群体光合速率和产量的影响[J].作物学报,1990,2:221~225.
[49]盛晋华,刘克礼,吕风山等.春玉米叶片光合速率变化规律的研究[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1997,18(3):43~47.
[50]Evans,J.T 1975,Crop Physiology[M].Cambridge University Press.
[51]宋碧,吴盛黎.不同生态条件下玉米高产群体质量指标的研究[J].耕作与栽培,1998(5):23~28.
[52]王庆祥.玉米群体的自动调节与产量[C].顾慰连论文选集,1992:200~209.
[53]杨耿斌.不同密度对青贮玉米产量与品质的影响闭.玉米科学,2006.14(5):115~117.
[54]于洪飞.玉米理想株型育种生理形态概况[J].玉米科学,1995,3(1):12~15.
[55]赵勇.密度和施氮量对粮饲兼用型玉米产量及饲用品质的影响[D].四川农业大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[56]王庆成,刘开昌.山东夏玉米高产栽培理论与实践[J].玉米科学,2004,12(专刊):60~65.
[57]张泽民.玉米杂交种籽粒产量及其组成性状的遗传增益[J].作物学报,1998,24(2):182~186.
[58]J.Bingham,1979,Agricultural Progress[M].54:l~17.
[59]Lupton,F.GH.1982,Recent advances in cereal breeding[J].Neth.J,Agric.Sci.,30:11~24.
[60]M.J.Pinthus and Y.Sar-Shalom.Dry mater accumulation in the grains of wheat cultivars differring in grain weight[J].Ann.Bot.1978,42:469~471.
[61]咚屏亚,凌碧莹.夏玉米干物质积累动态模拟[J].北京农业科学,1996,14(5):21~24.
[62]章建新,蔡晓研.密度及收割高度对夏播青贮玉米产量和品质的影响[J].玉米科学,2006,14(4):107~110.
[63J刘开昌,王庆成,张秀清等.玉米光合性能与耐密性关系的研究[J].山东农业科学,2001,(6):25~28.
[64]薛珠政,卢和顶.种植密度对玉米单株和群体效应的影响[J].玉米科学,1999,7(2):52~54.
[65]张邦馄.不同生态条件对玉米田间小气候和产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,1999.20(3):33~37.
[66]陈国平.夏玉米的高产生育模式及其控制技术[J].中国农业科学,1986,1:33~36.
[67]姚万山,宋连启,郭宏敏等.夏玉米高产群体生理动态质量指标的研究[J].华北农学报,1999,14(4):55~59.
[68]东先旺,刘树堂.夏玉米超高产群体光合特性的研究[J].华北农学报,1999,14(2):1~5.
[69]黄艳胜.玉米籽粒发育及产量形成[J].中国林副特产,2002.1.
[70]赵可夫.玉米田的群体结构与光能分布.作物学报,1%4,2(3)::321~331.
[71]杨长明,刘敏华.三个水稻品种的冠层结构比较研究,安徽农业大学学报[J].2001,28(3):274~280.
[72]王锡平.玉米冠层光合有效辐射三维空间分布模型的构建与验证[D].中国农业大学博士学位论文.2004.
[73]陈冠文.研究作物群体结构及生态因子时空分布的新方法一一三维切片法[J].西北农业学报,1998,7(4):10~14.
[74]张娟,崔党群.小麦冠层结构与产量及其构成因素的典范相关分析[J].华北农学报,2000,15(3):39~44.
[75]sina,S.K. and P.K.Aggarwal,1980,印度挖掘小麦生产潜力的生理学基础.国外农学一麦类作物[M].1983,l:37~41.
[76]陈华璋.不同密度与施氮量对夏播黔玉3号产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(5):48~49.
[77]滕树川.不同密度对夏播玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2004,12,增刊,76~77.
[78]范福仁,莫惠栋,秦泰辰等.玉米密植程度研究.作物学报,1963,11:381~398.
[79]崔彦宏.春玉米不同群体产量构成因素的分析.河北农业大学学报,1992,1:14~18.
[80]李发民,段永钊,姚伯岐.掖单13号玉米种植密度、氮肥用量与产量关系的研究.陕西农业科学,1996(2):9~11.
[81]苏书文,高合明,郭新林.不同叶夹角玉米杂交种产量潜势的研究.作物学报,1990,11:364~372.
[82]杨克军,李明,李振华.群体结构对紧凑型玉米生长发育及产量影响的研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2003,15(3):29~32.
[83]赵久然.玉米不同品种基因型穗粒数及其构成因素相关分析的研究[J].北京农业科学,1997,5(6):l~2.
[84]陈树宾.不同密度下高油玉米生理特性及产量性状研究[D].中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[85]高长建.高秆稀植大穗玉米杂交种与中矮秆耐密玉米杂交种形态性状和产量性状的比较[J].杂粮作物,2005,25(3):156~157.
[86]路海东.不同基因型玉米品种源库调节对籽粒产量形成的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(9):9~13.
[87]崔党群.Logistic曲线方程的解析与拟合优度测验[J].数理统计与管理,2005,24(1):112-115.
[2]刘景辉,王树安,王志敏.中国粮食单产增长规律及预测[J].耕作与栽培,2001,5:1~5.
[3]佟屏亚.有关“超级玉米”“超高产”问题之商榷[J].玉米科学,2006,14(1):168~170.
[4]张明友,张新,王振华等.郑单22玉米不同种植植密度对产量的影响[J].农艺科学,2005,10:166~168.
[5]佟屏亚,程延年.玉米密度与产量关系的研究[J].北京农业科学,1995,2:23~25.
[6]杜天庆,郝建平.特早熟夏播玉米密度与经济产量及产量性状的关系[J].山西农业大学学报,2000,1:9~12.
[7]山东农业科学院玉米研究所编著.玉米生理[M].北京:农业出版社,1987,5.
[8]吴远彬主编.紧凑型玉米高产理论与技术[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1999,1~2.
[9]陈举林.紧凑型玉米高产生理基础及高产栽培[J].玉米科学,1995,3(2):58~60
[10]李桂芝.不同肥力水平下豫玉29号的耐密性试验[J].河南农业科学,2000,(4):7~8. [l1]赵明.我国玉米自交系株型和光合性状的演变特点[J].华北农学报,1998,13:1~4.
[12]李少坤,赵明.玉米株型研究综述[J].玉米科学,1995,4:7~11.
[13]薛吉全.玉米不同株型群体冠层特性与光能截获量及产量的关系[J].西北农业学报,1995,4(l):29~34. [l4]徐庆章.玉米株型与群体光合作用的关系研究[J].作物学报,1995,2(4):492~496.
[15]户义次.作物的光合作用和物质生产[M].北京,科学出版社,1979,365~406.
[16]连艳鲜.黄淮海平原夏玉米生态区高产杂交种形态生理特性研究[D].河南郑州,2004.
[17]周洪林.紧凑型玉米品种高产因素分析[J].玉米科学,1996,3(l):41~43.
[18]武恩吉.玉米株高整齐度与产量的关系[J].辽宁农业科学,1986:(3):8~10.
[19]曹修才.玉米株高整齐度与穗部性状关系的研究[J].玉米科学,1995,4(2):62~64.
[20]陈玉水,卢川北.玉米穗位高与株高的相关研究[J].广西农业科学,2004,35(2):111.
[21]张泽民,贾长柱.玉米株型对遗传增益的影响[J].遗传,1997,19(2):31~34.
[22]杨松.超吨粮田中玉米植株性状与穗粒重的关系[J].华北农学报,1994,9(3):112~116.
[23]杨国虎.麦套玉米栽培中玉米茎粗整齐度对其经济性状的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,1998,增刊,35~37.
[24]周文武,李桂枝.不同类型玉米杂交种对密度的反应评价[J].玉米科学,2004,12(专刊):63~65.
[25]王珍,武志海.玉米群体冠层光合速率与叶面积指数关系的初步研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,200l,23(2):9~12.
[26]王晓梅.不同密度与玉米生长发育及品质相关性的研究[J].吉林农业科学,2006,31(3):3~6.
[27]邱兴等.不同生态条件下玉米单株定向栽培密度研究与应用[J].耕作与栽培,1999.
[28]薛吉全,梁宗锁等.玉米不同株型耐密性的群体生理指标研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(l):55~59.
[29]王庆成,刘开昌.紧凑型玉米新杂交种群体结构特点和变化动态[J].山东农业科学,1998,(5):4~9.
[30]马瑞霞.种植密度对不同类型夏玉米生产力和主要生理指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,22(5):171~173.
[31]吴子恺.玉米几个光合作用性状与生物学产量及籽粒产量的关系[J].作物学报,1983,9(l):23~28.
[32]胡昌浩.玉米栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[33]Dwyer,L.M.andTollenar,M.Genetic improvement inphotosynthetic response of hybrid maize cultivars,1959 to1988[J],1989,can.J.Plant Sci.69-81.
[34]胡昌浩,董树亭.高产夏玉米群体光合速率与产量关系的研究[J].作物学报,1993,19(l):64~69.
[35]胡昌浩,潘子龙.夏玉米同化产物积累与养分吸收分配规律的研究I干物质积累与可溶性糖和氨基酸的变化规律[J].中国农业科学,1982,l:46~54.
[36]东先旺,刘树堂.掖单22超高产群体光合生理指标的研究[J].玉米科学,1999,7(3):58~61.
[37]江龙,宋碧.不同类型玉米生理特征与产量的关系[J].种子,2002,4:31~35.
[38]刘绍隶,程绍义.紧凑型玉米株型及生理特性研究.1990,5(3):20~27.
[39]刘建栋,于强,吴乃元.黄淮海地区夏玉米株型结构特征分析[J].中国农业气象,2001,2(l):6~14.
[40]B R Buttery,R I Buzzel,赵福洪译.大豆光合作用速率和叶绿素含量之间的关系[M].光合作用,北京:科学出版社,1979,72~75.
[41]Eehide Monma,Shigesaburas Jsunoda. Photosynthetic heterosis in maize[J].Japan J Breed,1979,29(2):159-165.
[42]Shigesabura Jsunoda. Photosynthetic efficieney in rice and wheat[J].Rice breeding(IRRI),1972,475~479.
[43]郑不尧,蒋钟怀.王经武.夏播“京早七号”玉米叶片叶绿素含量消长规律的研究[J].华北农学报,1988,3(l):21~27.
[44]王庆祥.高产玉米的干物质积累与分配[J].辽宁农业科学,1987,5(18):19~21.
[45]冯娟.施氮量和密度对机(撒)播油菜产量及营养品质的影响[D].四川农业大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[46]郭江.不同株型玉米品种灌浆期光合特性研究[D].河北农业大学硕士学位论文,2005
[47]刘武仁,刘凤成,冯艳春等.玉米不同密度的生理指标研究[J].玉米科学,2004,12(专刊),82~83,87.
[48]王庆成.株型紧凑对玉米群体光合速率和产量的影响[J].作物学报,1990,2:221~225.
[49]盛晋华,刘克礼,吕风山等.春玉米叶片光合速率变化规律的研究[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1997,18(3):43~47.
[50]Evans,J.T 1975,Crop Physiology[M].Cambridge University Press.
[51]宋碧,吴盛黎.不同生态条件下玉米高产群体质量指标的研究[J].耕作与栽培,1998(5):23~28.
[52]王庆祥.玉米群体的自动调节与产量[C].顾慰连论文选集,1992:200~209.
[53]杨耿斌.不同密度对青贮玉米产量与品质的影响闭.玉米科学,2006.14(5):115~117.
[54]于洪飞.玉米理想株型育种生理形态概况[J].玉米科学,1995,3(1):12~15.
[55]赵勇.密度和施氮量对粮饲兼用型玉米产量及饲用品质的影响[D].四川农业大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[56]王庆成,刘开昌.山东夏玉米高产栽培理论与实践[J].玉米科学,2004,12(专刊):60~65.
[57]张泽民.玉米杂交种籽粒产量及其组成性状的遗传增益[J].作物学报,1998,24(2):182~186.
[58]J.Bingham,1979,Agricultural Progress[M].54:l~17.
[59]Lupton,F.GH.1982,Recent advances in cereal breeding[J].Neth.J,Agric.Sci.,30:11~24.
[60]M.J.Pinthus and Y.Sar-Shalom.Dry mater accumulation in the grains of wheat cultivars differring in grain weight[J].Ann.Bot.1978,42:469~471.
[61]咚屏亚,凌碧莹.夏玉米干物质积累动态模拟[J].北京农业科学,1996,14(5):21~24.
[62]章建新,蔡晓研.密度及收割高度对夏播青贮玉米产量和品质的影响[J].玉米科学,2006,14(4):107~110.
[63J刘开昌,王庆成,张秀清等.玉米光合性能与耐密性关系的研究[J].山东农业科学,2001,(6):25~28.
[64]薛珠政,卢和顶.种植密度对玉米单株和群体效应的影响[J].玉米科学,1999,7(2):52~54.
[65]张邦馄.不同生态条件对玉米田间小气候和产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,1999.20(3):33~37.
[66]陈国平.夏玉米的高产生育模式及其控制技术[J].中国农业科学,1986,1:33~36.
[67]姚万山,宋连启,郭宏敏等.夏玉米高产群体生理动态质量指标的研究[J].华北农学报,1999,14(4):55~59.
[68]东先旺,刘树堂.夏玉米超高产群体光合特性的研究[J].华北农学报,1999,14(2):1~5.
[69]黄艳胜.玉米籽粒发育及产量形成[J].中国林副特产,2002.1.
[70]赵可夫.玉米田的群体结构与光能分布.作物学报,1%4,2(3)::321~331.
[71]杨长明,刘敏华.三个水稻品种的冠层结构比较研究,安徽农业大学学报[J].2001,28(3):274~280.
[72]王锡平.玉米冠层光合有效辐射三维空间分布模型的构建与验证[D].中国农业大学博士学位论文.2004.
[73]陈冠文.研究作物群体结构及生态因子时空分布的新方法一一三维切片法[J].西北农业学报,1998,7(4):10~14.
[74]张娟,崔党群.小麦冠层结构与产量及其构成因素的典范相关分析[J].华北农学报,2000,15(3):39~44.
[75]sina,S.K. and P.K.Aggarwal,1980,印度挖掘小麦生产潜力的生理学基础.国外农学一麦类作物[M].1983,l:37~41.
[76]陈华璋.不同密度与施氮量对夏播黔玉3号产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(5):48~49.
[77]滕树川.不同密度对夏播玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2004,12,增刊,76~77.
[78]范福仁,莫惠栋,秦泰辰等.玉米密植程度研究.作物学报,1963,11:381~398.
[79]崔彦宏.春玉米不同群体产量构成因素的分析.河北农业大学学报,1992,1:14~18.
[80]李发民,段永钊,姚伯岐.掖单13号玉米种植密度、氮肥用量与产量关系的研究.陕西农业科学,1996(2):9~11.
[81]苏书文,高合明,郭新林.不同叶夹角玉米杂交种产量潜势的研究.作物学报,1990,11:364~372.
[82]杨克军,李明,李振华.群体结构对紧凑型玉米生长发育及产量影响的研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2003,15(3):29~32.
[83]赵久然.玉米不同品种基因型穗粒数及其构成因素相关分析的研究[J].北京农业科学,1997,5(6):l~2.
[84]陈树宾.不同密度下高油玉米生理特性及产量性状研究[D].中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[85]高长建.高秆稀植大穗玉米杂交种与中矮秆耐密玉米杂交种形态性状和产量性状的比较[J].杂粮作物,2005,25(3):156~157.
[86]路海东.不同基因型玉米品种源库调节对籽粒产量形成的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(9):9~13.
[87]崔党群.Logistic曲线方程的解析与拟合优度测验[J].数理统计与管理,2005,24(1):112-115.