硫酸钾对三江地区水稻产量和品质的影响
摘要
本研究采用随机区组设计,于不同生态区探讨了硫酸钾对水稻垦粳1号和空育131生育动态、干物质积累、生理特性、产量和品质的影响。主要研究结果如下:
1.硫酸钾加速了两品种的生育进程,当硫酸钾施用量为11.04kg/亩时作用最明显;垦粳1号和空育131前期叶龄、株高和茎数分别较对照有所提高,但对后期各指标影响较小。
2.硫酸钾处理多有利于提高水稻产量,当硫酸钾为11.04kg/亩时,两品种的实收产量最高,分别较对照提高11.61%和14.97%。相关分析表明,两品种产量与穗数、穗粒数的正相关均达显著或极显著水平(r=0.900*、0.924**和0.940**、0.858*),而与结实率呈不显著的负相关;
3.硫酸钾为3.68～11.04kg/亩水平时,两品种净光合速率均上升,且净光合速率与气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度呈显著正相关(r=0.908*和0.821*);气孔导度与蒸腾速率呈显著的正相关(r=0.856*);气孔导度与穗粒数呈显著负相关(r=-0.838*);净光合速率与产量的相关不显著。
4.施用硫酸钾各处理的前期和中期物质生产均较对照有所上升;两品种前期LAI越大,物质生产量越多,且正相关达显著水平(r=0.784*和0.860*);中期物质生产则随LAI的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;总颖花数和产量与前期物质生产呈不显著正相关,而与中期物质生产的相关达显著或极显著水平(r=0.853*和0.928**)。
5.随着硫酸钾施用量的增加,糙米率和精米率呈上升趋势,且以洪河园区提高幅度较大,整精米率规律不明显;糙米白度和糙出白率随硫酸钾增加而提高。硫酸钾能够降低稻米垩白率,且当硫酸钾施用量18.6kg/亩时两品种的垩白最低,分别低于对照51.28%和24.74%;整粒重量比、碎粒重量比和裂纹粒重量比随硫酸钾的增加呈下降趋势。随着钾肥的增加稻米直链淀粉含量上升,两品种最大上升幅度分别为6.13%和4.47%。不同生态区两品种的蛋白质含量均随硫酸钾的增加不断下降,最大下降幅度为11.03%。
6.当硫酸钾在18.40kg/亩时,两品种的综合评分均为最高。食味与直链淀粉含量呈正相关,而与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.980**)。主成分分析表明,糙米率、精米率和垩白重量比为决定垦粳1号稻米品质的三个主要指标,而垩白重量比、直链淀粉含量和精米率为决定空育131稻米品质的三个重要指标。
7.当硫酸钾为11.04kg/亩时,不同生态区两品种的实测产量最高,较对照增产达11.63%和14.97%;而品质的综合评分和“CIS值”以18.40kg/亩水平时最高。
Effects of potassium sulfate on the growth and development, dry matter accumulation, physiological characteristics, yield and quality were discussed on two varieties, Kenjing 1 and Kongyu 131, in different ecological zones with randomized block design. The results were as follows:
1. Potassium sulfate could promote process of growth and development and its function was more obvious when potassium sulfate was 11.04kg/m2. Pre-leaf stage, plant height and stem number of Kenjing 1 and Kongyu 131 has increased compared with the CK,but the effects of the latter indicators are less.
2. The majority of potassium sulfate treatments could improve rice yield, and the actual outputs of the two varieties were the highest when potassium was 11.04kg/667m2, increasing 14.97% and 11.61% compared with the CK. Correlation analysis showed that correlations between yield and spikelet number and grain number per panicle were significantly or highly significantly positive(r=0.900*、0.924**, 0.940**、0.858*), but correlations between yield and seed-setting rate presented negitive.
3. Net photosynthetic rate of the two species had been increased when appropriating potassium sulfate was 3.68~11.04kg/667m2, and stomatal conductance with intercellular CO2 concentration were significant positive correlations (r=0.908*, 0.821*), stomatal conductance degrees with the transpiration rate showed significant positive correlation (r=0.856*); net photosynthetic rate with yield was non-significantly relation, stomatal conductance with grain number per spike was significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.838*).
4. Pre-stage and mid-stage dry matter accumulation showed raising trend under potassium sulfate treatment compared with the CK. Pre-LAI of the two varieties was greater, the more the material production accumulation, and it was a significant correlation between them (r=0.784*, 0.860*); but the mid-material production was increased with the increasing in LAI at first, then showed a downward trend; the total number of spikelets and the yield with pre-material production were non- significantly positively correlated, but the correlation reached significant or highly significant level with the medium-term material production ( r=0.853*, 0.928**).
5. Both brown rice rate and milled rice rate presented increasing trends with increasing potassium sulfate and the rising range was greater in Honghe, Regulation of effects on head rice rate was not obvious. Brown rice whiteness and brown rice white rate was rising constantly with increasing potassium sulfate. Applying potassium sulfate could decreased rice chalkiness rate and chalkiness of Kengjin1 was lowest when potassium sulfate was 18.6kg/667m2, and reducing 51.28% and 24.74% compared with the CK. Whole grain rate and broken grain rate and crack grain rate were not beneficial under potassium sulfate treatments. With increasing potassium sulfate applying, amylose content was increased. The highest increasing range of amylose content was 6.13% and 4.47% in two varieties. Protein content of both cultivars in different ecology areas were decreased continuously and the greatest decreased range was 11.03%。
6. Two varieties comprehensive score were highest when potassium sulfate was 18.4kg/667m2. There were positive correlation between amylose content and eating score , but the correlations between protein and eating score were negative(r=-0.980**). Principal component analysis showed that main quality index of Kenjing1 were determined by brown rice rate and milled rice rate and chalkiness weight ratio, but the main quality index of Kongyu131 were determined by chalkiness weight ratio and amylose content and milled rice rate.
7. The actual outputs of the two varieties were the highest when potassium sulfate was 11.04kg/667m2 in different ecological zones, increasing 14.97% and 11.61% compared with the CK. and the quality comprehensive score and“CIS value”were the highest when potassium sulfate was 18.4kg/667m2.
1.硫酸钾加速了两品种的生育进程,当硫酸钾施用量为11.04kg/亩时作用最明显;垦粳1号和空育131前期叶龄、株高和茎数分别较对照有所提高,但对后期各指标影响较小。
2.硫酸钾处理多有利于提高水稻产量,当硫酸钾为11.04kg/亩时,两品种的实收产量最高,分别较对照提高11.61%和14.97%。相关分析表明,两品种产量与穗数、穗粒数的正相关均达显著或极显著水平(r=0.900*、0.924**和0.940**、0.858*),而与结实率呈不显著的负相关;
3.硫酸钾为3.68～11.04kg/亩水平时,两品种净光合速率均上升,且净光合速率与气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度呈显著正相关(r=0.908*和0.821*);气孔导度与蒸腾速率呈显著的正相关(r=0.856*);气孔导度与穗粒数呈显著负相关(r=-0.838*);净光合速率与产量的相关不显著。
4.施用硫酸钾各处理的前期和中期物质生产均较对照有所上升;两品种前期LAI越大,物质生产量越多,且正相关达显著水平(r=0.784*和0.860*);中期物质生产则随LAI的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;总颖花数和产量与前期物质生产呈不显著正相关,而与中期物质生产的相关达显著或极显著水平(r=0.853*和0.928**)。
5.随着硫酸钾施用量的增加,糙米率和精米率呈上升趋势,且以洪河园区提高幅度较大,整精米率规律不明显;糙米白度和糙出白率随硫酸钾增加而提高。硫酸钾能够降低稻米垩白率,且当硫酸钾施用量18.6kg/亩时两品种的垩白最低,分别低于对照51.28%和24.74%;整粒重量比、碎粒重量比和裂纹粒重量比随硫酸钾的增加呈下降趋势。随着钾肥的增加稻米直链淀粉含量上升,两品种最大上升幅度分别为6.13%和4.47%。不同生态区两品种的蛋白质含量均随硫酸钾的增加不断下降,最大下降幅度为11.03%。
6.当硫酸钾在18.40kg/亩时,两品种的综合评分均为最高。食味与直链淀粉含量呈正相关,而与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.980**)。主成分分析表明,糙米率、精米率和垩白重量比为决定垦粳1号稻米品质的三个主要指标,而垩白重量比、直链淀粉含量和精米率为决定空育131稻米品质的三个重要指标。
7.当硫酸钾为11.04kg/亩时,不同生态区两品种的实测产量最高,较对照增产达11.63%和14.97%;而品质的综合评分和“CIS值”以18.40kg/亩水平时最高。
Effects of potassium sulfate on the growth and development, dry matter accumulation, physiological characteristics, yield and quality were discussed on two varieties, Kenjing 1 and Kongyu 131, in different ecological zones with randomized block design. The results were as follows:
1. Potassium sulfate could promote process of growth and development and its function was more obvious when potassium sulfate was 11.04kg/m2. Pre-leaf stage, plant height and stem number of Kenjing 1 and Kongyu 131 has increased compared with the CK,but the effects of the latter indicators are less.
2. The majority of potassium sulfate treatments could improve rice yield, and the actual outputs of the two varieties were the highest when potassium was 11.04kg/667m2, increasing 14.97% and 11.61% compared with the CK. Correlation analysis showed that correlations between yield and spikelet number and grain number per panicle were significantly or highly significantly positive(r=0.900*、0.924**, 0.940**、0.858*), but correlations between yield and seed-setting rate presented negitive.
3. Net photosynthetic rate of the two species had been increased when appropriating potassium sulfate was 3.68~11.04kg/667m2, and stomatal conductance with intercellular CO2 concentration were significant positive correlations (r=0.908*, 0.821*), stomatal conductance degrees with the transpiration rate showed significant positive correlation (r=0.856*); net photosynthetic rate with yield was non-significantly relation, stomatal conductance with grain number per spike was significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.838*).
4. Pre-stage and mid-stage dry matter accumulation showed raising trend under potassium sulfate treatment compared with the CK. Pre-LAI of the two varieties was greater, the more the material production accumulation, and it was a significant correlation between them (r=0.784*, 0.860*); but the mid-material production was increased with the increasing in LAI at first, then showed a downward trend; the total number of spikelets and the yield with pre-material production were non- significantly positively correlated, but the correlation reached significant or highly significant level with the medium-term material production ( r=0.853*, 0.928**).
5. Both brown rice rate and milled rice rate presented increasing trends with increasing potassium sulfate and the rising range was greater in Honghe, Regulation of effects on head rice rate was not obvious. Brown rice whiteness and brown rice white rate was rising constantly with increasing potassium sulfate. Applying potassium sulfate could decreased rice chalkiness rate and chalkiness of Kengjin1 was lowest when potassium sulfate was 18.6kg/667m2, and reducing 51.28% and 24.74% compared with the CK. Whole grain rate and broken grain rate and crack grain rate were not beneficial under potassium sulfate treatments. With increasing potassium sulfate applying, amylose content was increased. The highest increasing range of amylose content was 6.13% and 4.47% in two varieties. Protein content of both cultivars in different ecology areas were decreased continuously and the greatest decreased range was 11.03%。
6. Two varieties comprehensive score were highest when potassium sulfate was 18.4kg/667m2. There were positive correlation between amylose content and eating score , but the correlations between protein and eating score were negative(r=-0.980**). Principal component analysis showed that main quality index of Kenjing1 were determined by brown rice rate and milled rice rate and chalkiness weight ratio, but the main quality index of Kongyu131 were determined by chalkiness weight ratio and amylose content and milled rice rate.
7. The actual outputs of the two varieties were the highest when potassium sulfate was 11.04kg/667m2 in different ecological zones, increasing 14.97% and 11.61% compared with the CK. and the quality comprehensive score and“CIS value”were the highest when potassium sulfate was 18.4kg/667m2.
引文
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