浙江民营工业企业技术创新影响因素研究
|
摘要
随着人们对企业技术创新重要性认识的日益提高，关于企业技术创新影响因素的研究越来越成为学术研究中的热点之一。本文在对技术创新理论、工业企业技术创新过程及其影响因素的文献分析的基础上，运用模型构建、系统分析和定性分析与实证研究相结合的方法，建立了工业企业技术创新过程与其影响因素之间的概念模型，提出了工业企业技术创新由核心技术创新过程(知识创造；新产品的丌发与设计：新产品的市场开发)、内部影响因素和外部影响因素三部分构成，并在该模型的指导下详细分析和论述了17个影响工业企业技术创新能力的因素；在此基础上，对浙江省100多家民营工业企业进行问卷调研，对影响浙江省的民营工业企业技术创新的诸多因素进行了因子分析，提取了创新投入能力、生产制造能力、市场营销能力、企业文化、管理团队、创新战略、外部环境7个因子；然后将其与技术创新的产出能力作了相关性分析和回归分析，得出了创新投入能力、企业文化和生产制造能力三者对浙江民营工业企业技术创新能力影响最显著的结论；并在实证分析结论的基础上，提出了相应的对策和建议，希望以此能为政府部门有针对性地制定相关政策、为企业管理者做出科学的决策提供一定的理论支持和实践指导。
With the improvement of the people's consciousness toward the significance of the enterprise technology innovation, the research about the factors influencing technology innovation is becoming one of the focuses in the academic research. Based on the analysis of the data about the theory of technology innovation, the process of the technology innovation and the factors influencing technology innovation, adopting the research means of constructing model, system analysis and the quantitive analysis, this paper constructs the technology innovation factory concept model and bring forward that the process of the technology innovation consists of the core innovation process( knowledge creation , new product design and development and the marketing of the new product), the interior factors influencing technology innovation and the exterior factors influencing technology innovation. Under the direction of the model above, the paper analyses 17 factors influencing technology innovation detailedly. Based on the above analysis and using questionnaires, the paper investigated more than 100 private industry enterprises in Zhejiang Province. Then the paper executes factor analysis about the factors influencing technology innovation and conclude 7 factors: the capability innovation devotion, manufacturing, marketing, enterprise culture, innovation strategy, management team, and exterior environment. And then the paper executes the correlation analysis and linear regression and concludes that the capability innovation devotion, enterprise culture and manufacturing are the most important factors influencing technology innovation of the private industry enterprises in Zhejiang Province. And based on the conclusion this paper brings forward some suggestion and measures for the private industry enterprises in Zhejiang Province and hope this could provide some direction for the government to constitute polices and the managers to make correct decisions.
With the improvement of the people's consciousness toward the significance of the enterprise technology innovation, the research about the factors influencing technology innovation is becoming one of the focuses in the academic research. Based on the analysis of the data about the theory of technology innovation, the process of the technology innovation and the factors influencing technology innovation, adopting the research means of constructing model, system analysis and the quantitive analysis, this paper constructs the technology innovation factory concept model and bring forward that the process of the technology innovation consists of the core innovation process( knowledge creation , new product design and development and the marketing of the new product), the interior factors influencing technology innovation and the exterior factors influencing technology innovation. Under the direction of the model above, the paper analyses 17 factors influencing technology innovation detailedly. Based on the above analysis and using questionnaires, the paper investigated more than 100 private industry enterprises in Zhejiang Province. Then the paper executes factor analysis about the factors influencing technology innovation and conclude 7 factors: the capability innovation devotion, manufacturing, marketing, enterprise culture, innovation strategy, management team, and exterior environment. And then the paper executes the correlation analysis and linear regression and concludes that the capability innovation devotion, enterprise culture and manufacturing are the most important factors influencing technology innovation of the private industry enterprises in Zhejiang Province. And based on the conclusion this paper brings forward some suggestion and measures for the private industry enterprises in Zhejiang Province and hope this could provide some direction for the government to constitute polices and the managers to make correct decisions.
引文
[1] 约瑟夫·熊彼特．经济发展理论．何畏等译．北京：商务印书馆，1990：56-58
[2] 傅家骥．技术创新学[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1998：124-135
[3] 罗伯特．M．索洛等．经济增长因素分析[M]．北京：商务印书馆，2003：86-89
[4] 伊诺思．石油加工业的发明与创新．北京：清华大学出版社，1996：241-256
[5] G. Lynn. Innovation and the International Diffusion of Environmentally Responsive Technology. Research Policy. 1996(25):549-571
[6] Mansfield. E. How rapidly does new industrial technology leak out? The Journal of Industrial Economics. 1985 (34):217-223
[7] J.M.Utterback. Product Development Cycle Time and Commercial Success, IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management, 1995.Vol. 42 :P297-304
[8] Freeman.C.. The economics of technical change. Cambridge Journal of Economics 1994(18):463-514
[9] P·斯通曼．技术变革经济分析．北京：机械工业出版社，1989：32-58
[10] 唐纳德·瓦茨．技术创新理论研究[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2002：58-89
[11] 范．杜因(1983)．经济长波与创新．上海：译文出版社，1993：125-156
[12] R.Muser.Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, MA[M]. Harvard University Press, 1994.5-10
[13] 付家骥，仝允桓等．技术创新经济学[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1998．37-42
[14] 傅家骥，姜彦福，雷家啸．技术创新—中国企业发展之路[M]．北京：企业管理出版社，1992．1-15
[15] 王娴，蒋洪强．企业技术创新能力分析及其评价方法研究[J]．技术经济与管理研究，2001，(4)：31-32
[16] 洪后其．技术创新扩散的过程管理[J]．中外科技政策与管理，1996，(1)：10-13
[17] Abramovitz, Moses, "Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind", Journal of Economic, 1986.43-51
[18] Freeman. Product innovation and Process Innovation. Review of lndustrial Organisation, 2001,335-350
[19] 成其谦，汪虹星．企业技术创新能力测度和评价方法[J]．技术经济，2002，(3)：24-26
[20] 郝云宏、曲亮．中小企业技术创新政府扶持体系的制度机理和系统构成．科技进步与对策，2004：23-26
[21] 高建．中国企业技术创新分析[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．47-50
[22] 吴运建，王晓松．企业技术能力与技术创新能力研究现状[J]．科学管理研究，1994，(4)：33-38
[23] 周寄中著．科学技术创新管理．经济科学出版社，2002：89-102
[24] 张方华，陈劲．基于不同R&D模式的企业技术合作方式研究[J]．研究与发展管理，2003，(3)
[25] 夏保华．企业持续技术创新的结构[M]沈阳：东北大学出版社，2001：119-187
[26] 黄华新．技术创新—科技与经济一体化发展的道路[M]．北京：中国经济出版社，1994．10-12
[27] C.Freemam. Evaluating the Technical Operation[J]. Research Management, 1988, (5):11-18
[28] J.langrish. Measuring R&D Effectiveness[J]. Research Technology Management, 1994, (2): 10-23
[29] Rothwell, D.M. The Challenge of Fifth Generation R&D[J]. Research Technology Management, 1996, 39(4):33-41
[30] Calantone,R.,Droge,C., 1999.Supply Chain Flexibility:An empirical study.The Journal of Supply Chain Management 35(August), 16-24
[31] Song,Parry. Development of a Technical Innovation Audit[J]. Journal of Products Innovation Management. 1996, (13):105-136
[32] Derek L. Ransley and Jay L. Rogers. A Consensus on Best on R&D Practices[J]. Research Technology Management, 1994, (2): 19 - 26
[33] Christopher Meryer. Core Capability & Core Rigidities[J]. A Paradox in Managing New Product Development. Strategic Mgt. J.13, 1992
[34] Vittoriia Chiesa. An overview of innovation[M]. In: R. Landau and N. Rosenberg(eds.), The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1986:289
[35] Brenard Bobe. The R&D-Marketing Interface in High-technology Firms[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 1985, (2):43-50
[36] Robert G.Cooper. The Theory of Technological Change and Economic Growth[M].Routledge. 1993.21-27
[37] EdwardB.Robets. Technology, Management and Systems of Innovation[M]. Edward Elgar, 1999.11-15
[38] W.B.Brown. Technical risk and new product success: an empirical test in high technology business markets[J]. Industrial marketing management, 1996, (5):12-25
[39] Stoneman. The Economic Analysis of Technological Change[M]. Oxford University Press, 1983.20-25
[41] http:/ltech.netook.comJArchives/200410/000995.asp(电子政务与政府管理创新)
[42] 迈克尔·波特．竞争优势．华夏出版社，2003：74—85
[43] 曹虎．企业技术创新及其综合评价模型研究[D]．青岛：山东科技大学，2004．25-34
[44] 马胜杰．企业技术创新的评价指标体系[J]．数量经济技术经济研究，2002，(12)：5-8
[45] 贾蔚文等．技术创新—科技与经济一体化发展的道路[M]．北京：中国经济出版社，1994．10-12
[46] 崔德英，张润利．技术创新[J]．工程机械，2003，(11)：24-26
[47] 张凌．基于DEA的企业技术创新项目评价与决策方法研究[D]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学，2005．5-14
[48] 梁莱歆．我国高新技术企业R&D投入与绩效评价研究——《我国高新技术企业R&D绩效评价的统计研究成果简介[R]．http://www.npopss-cn.gov.cn/chgxj/tj/tjwl_20051216.htm
[49] 刘智勇．企业技术创新能力综合评价研究[D]．长沙：中南大学，2003．2-5
[51] 王娴，蒋洪强．企业技术创新能力分析及其评价方法研究[J]．术经济与管理研究，2001，(4)：31-32
[52] 成其谦，汪虹星．企业技术创新能力测度和评价方法[J]．技术经济，2002，(3)：24-26
[53] 黄闽．我国高新技术企业若干融资问题研究[D]．成都：西南交通大学，2004 14-20
[55] Keith Pavitt. Technology, Management and Systems of Innovation[M]. Edward Elgar, 1999.11-15
[56] Kline, S.J., and N. Rosenberg. An overview of innovation[M]. In: R. Landau and N. Rosenberg(eds.), The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1986:289
[57] 高健．科技起飞和中国企业技术创新能力的成长．清华人学学报．2000．3
[58] 魏江．江浙沪地区人中型企业技术创新能力现状研究．中国软科学．2000．2
[59] 傅家骥，个允桓，高建．技术创新学．清华人学出版社．1998：58-63
[60] 袁庆明著．技术创新的制度结构分析．经济管理出版社．2003：124-135
[61] 陆道生，王慧敏著．中小企业的创新与发展．上海人民出版社．2002：214-224
[62] 顾新一，朱祖平，陈劲著．企业技创新研究．浙江人学出版社．1997：25-32
[63] Mansfield, Etc. Foreign Trade and US Research and Development[J].Review of Economic and Statistics, 1979.2-5
[64] Mile Terziovski, Danny Samson and Linda Glassop. Great-ing Core Competence Through the Management of Organizational Innovation[J]. Foundation for Sustationable Economic Development, 2001, (5): 17-35
[65] Derek L. Ransley and Jay L. Rogers. A Consensus on Best on R&D Practices[J]. Research Technology Management, 1994, (2): 19-26
[66] Schumpeter, J.. Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, MA[M]. Harvard University Press, 1994.5-10
[67] http://www.cec-ceda.org.cn/channel/qyzzcx/contents11541.html(构建企业技术创新的利益激励机制)
[68] http://www_cutech.edu.cn／％SCzhishicq％SC000058.asp(知识产权制度是实践技术创新的重要保证)
[69] 浙江省科技统计年鉴．浙江省统计年鉴．2001年-2006年
[2] 傅家骥．技术创新学[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1998：124-135
[3] 罗伯特．M．索洛等．经济增长因素分析[M]．北京：商务印书馆，2003：86-89
[4] 伊诺思．石油加工业的发明与创新．北京：清华大学出版社，1996：241-256
[5] G. Lynn. Innovation and the International Diffusion of Environmentally Responsive Technology. Research Policy. 1996(25):549-571
[6] Mansfield. E. How rapidly does new industrial technology leak out? The Journal of Industrial Economics. 1985 (34):217-223
[7] J.M.Utterback. Product Development Cycle Time and Commercial Success, IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management, 1995.Vol. 42 :P297-304
[8] Freeman.C.. The economics of technical change. Cambridge Journal of Economics 1994(18):463-514
[9] P·斯通曼．技术变革经济分析．北京：机械工业出版社，1989：32-58
[10] 唐纳德·瓦茨．技术创新理论研究[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2002：58-89
[11] 范．杜因(1983)．经济长波与创新．上海：译文出版社，1993：125-156
[12] R.Muser.Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, MA[M]. Harvard University Press, 1994.5-10
[13] 付家骥，仝允桓等．技术创新经济学[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1998．37-42
[14] 傅家骥，姜彦福，雷家啸．技术创新—中国企业发展之路[M]．北京：企业管理出版社，1992．1-15
[15] 王娴，蒋洪强．企业技术创新能力分析及其评价方法研究[J]．技术经济与管理研究，2001，(4)：31-32
[16] 洪后其．技术创新扩散的过程管理[J]．中外科技政策与管理，1996，(1)：10-13
[17] Abramovitz, Moses, "Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind", Journal of Economic, 1986.43-51
[18] Freeman. Product innovation and Process Innovation. Review of lndustrial Organisation, 2001,335-350
[19] 成其谦，汪虹星．企业技术创新能力测度和评价方法[J]．技术经济，2002，(3)：24-26
[20] 郝云宏、曲亮．中小企业技术创新政府扶持体系的制度机理和系统构成．科技进步与对策，2004：23-26
[21] 高建．中国企业技术创新分析[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．47-50
[22] 吴运建，王晓松．企业技术能力与技术创新能力研究现状[J]．科学管理研究，1994，(4)：33-38
[23] 周寄中著．科学技术创新管理．经济科学出版社，2002：89-102
[24] 张方华，陈劲．基于不同R&D模式的企业技术合作方式研究[J]．研究与发展管理，2003，(3)
[25] 夏保华．企业持续技术创新的结构[M]沈阳：东北大学出版社，2001：119-187
[26] 黄华新．技术创新—科技与经济一体化发展的道路[M]．北京：中国经济出版社，1994．10-12
[27] C.Freemam. Evaluating the Technical Operation[J]. Research Management, 1988, (5):11-18
[28] J.langrish. Measuring R&D Effectiveness[J]. Research Technology Management, 1994, (2): 10-23
[29] Rothwell, D.M. The Challenge of Fifth Generation R&D[J]. Research Technology Management, 1996, 39(4):33-41
[30] Calantone,R.,Droge,C., 1999.Supply Chain Flexibility:An empirical study.The Journal of Supply Chain Management 35(August), 16-24
[31] Song,Parry. Development of a Technical Innovation Audit[J]. Journal of Products Innovation Management. 1996, (13):105-136
[32] Derek L. Ransley and Jay L. Rogers. A Consensus on Best on R&D Practices[J]. Research Technology Management, 1994, (2): 19 - 26
[33] Christopher Meryer. Core Capability & Core Rigidities[J]. A Paradox in Managing New Product Development. Strategic Mgt. J.13, 1992
[34] Vittoriia Chiesa. An overview of innovation[M]. In: R. Landau and N. Rosenberg(eds.), The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1986:289
[35] Brenard Bobe. The R&D-Marketing Interface in High-technology Firms[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 1985, (2):43-50
[36] Robert G.Cooper. The Theory of Technological Change and Economic Growth[M].Routledge. 1993.21-27
[37] EdwardB.Robets. Technology, Management and Systems of Innovation[M]. Edward Elgar, 1999.11-15
[38] W.B.Brown. Technical risk and new product success: an empirical test in high technology business markets[J]. Industrial marketing management, 1996, (5):12-25
[39] Stoneman. The Economic Analysis of Technological Change[M]. Oxford University Press, 1983.20-25
[41] http:/ltech.netook.comJArchives/200410/000995.asp(电子政务与政府管理创新)
[42] 迈克尔·波特．竞争优势．华夏出版社，2003：74—85
[43] 曹虎．企业技术创新及其综合评价模型研究[D]．青岛：山东科技大学，2004．25-34
[44] 马胜杰．企业技术创新的评价指标体系[J]．数量经济技术经济研究，2002，(12)：5-8
[45] 贾蔚文等．技术创新—科技与经济一体化发展的道路[M]．北京：中国经济出版社，1994．10-12
[46] 崔德英，张润利．技术创新[J]．工程机械，2003，(11)：24-26
[47] 张凌．基于DEA的企业技术创新项目评价与决策方法研究[D]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学，2005．5-14
[48] 梁莱歆．我国高新技术企业R&D投入与绩效评价研究——《我国高新技术企业R&D绩效评价的统计研究成果简介[R]．http://www.npopss-cn.gov.cn/chgxj/tj/tjwl_20051216.htm
[49] 刘智勇．企业技术创新能力综合评价研究[D]．长沙：中南大学，2003．2-5
[51] 王娴，蒋洪强．企业技术创新能力分析及其评价方法研究[J]．术经济与管理研究，2001，(4)：31-32
[52] 成其谦，汪虹星．企业技术创新能力测度和评价方法[J]．技术经济，2002，(3)：24-26
[53] 黄闽．我国高新技术企业若干融资问题研究[D]．成都：西南交通大学，2004 14-20
[55] Keith Pavitt. Technology, Management and Systems of Innovation[M]. Edward Elgar, 1999.11-15
[56] Kline, S.J., and N. Rosenberg. An overview of innovation[M]. In: R. Landau and N. Rosenberg(eds.), The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1986:289
[57] 高健．科技起飞和中国企业技术创新能力的成长．清华人学学报．2000．3
[58] 魏江．江浙沪地区人中型企业技术创新能力现状研究．中国软科学．2000．2
[59] 傅家骥，个允桓，高建．技术创新学．清华人学出版社．1998：58-63
[60] 袁庆明著．技术创新的制度结构分析．经济管理出版社．2003：124-135
[61] 陆道生，王慧敏著．中小企业的创新与发展．上海人民出版社．2002：214-224
[62] 顾新一，朱祖平，陈劲著．企业技创新研究．浙江人学出版社．1997：25-32
[63] Mansfield, Etc. Foreign Trade and US Research and Development[J].Review of Economic and Statistics, 1979.2-5
[64] Mile Terziovski, Danny Samson and Linda Glassop. Great-ing Core Competence Through the Management of Organizational Innovation[J]. Foundation for Sustationable Economic Development, 2001, (5): 17-35
[65] Derek L. Ransley and Jay L. Rogers. A Consensus on Best on R&D Practices[J]. Research Technology Management, 1994, (2): 19-26
[66] Schumpeter, J.. Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, MA[M]. Harvard University Press, 1994.5-10
[67] http://www.cec-ceda.org.cn/channel/qyzzcx/contents11541.html(构建企业技术创新的利益激励机制)
[68] http://www_cutech.edu.cn／％SCzhishicq％SC000058.asp(知识产权制度是实践技术创新的重要保证)
[69] 浙江省科技统计年鉴．浙江省统计年鉴．2001年-2006年