复合结构柔性反底拱应用于软岩峒室稳定性控制研究
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摘要
地下工程的围岩为软岩或因赋存深度增加呈现软岩特性的岩体时,其稳定性控制问题越发突出,其中对软岩峒室底臌的有效控制已成为决定峒室整体稳定性的关键。由于软岩峒室的破坏受软岩自身强度、采动压力、睡的作用支护形式及支护质量等多种因素的影响,目前还没有全面、统一的、合理的峒室支护理论。
本文结合华宁集团鑫安矿的工程实际,探讨了软岩巷道的底臌机理,分析了引起该巷道底臌的因素、底臌的过程及底臌量的构成。在总结前人经验的基础上提出了复合结构柔性反底拱用于控制该巷道底臌的方法,并分析了复合结构柔性反底拱的作用机理。
利用SAW-2000微机控制电液伺服岩石试验机等仪器设备,进行软岩峒室围岩岩石力学性质实验及柔性孔隙垫层的注浆试件单轴及常规三轴试验,得到了岩石注及浆试件破坏机理,巷道围岩及注浆试件的弹性模量、泊松比、内摩擦角等物理力学性质指标及破坏的全应力-应变曲线。实验结果得出不同围压及不同的注浆效果对注浆试件力学性质的影响显著。
-800m胶带暗斜井及-600回风大巷底臌的影响因素包括围岩性质、水、地质构造、构造应力、巷道布置和支护形式六方面因素。这些因素的共同作用使得巷道底臌严重。其中,围岩性质、水、支护方式和构造应力是引起底臌的主要因素。
运用有限元数值模拟软件模拟软岩峒室底板在无支护、普通刚性支护、复合结构柔性反底拱支护条件下,峒室围岩的位移、塑性区及应力分布等的变化规律。在底板未作支护的情况下,巷道表现出大变形,集中表现为拱顶下沉、两帮内敛、底板臌起。采用普通刚性反底拱与复合结构柔性反底拱均能明显控制围岩变形量,其中复合结构柔性反底拱效果更明显,突出表现在控制底臌量。比较得到了复合结构柔性反底拱措施对软岩峒室整体稳定性控制的有效性。
将复合结构柔性反底拱应用于现场,针对修复前的施工方案存在的问题,对方案的参数、结构设计、支护材料的选择、施工组织等方面提出了相应的措施。取得了良好的支护效果,为同类软岩峒室稳定性控制技术的研究与应用提供了可行途径。
Deformation of underground project may be more serious as its adjoining rock masses being soft rock or showing soft rock features along with increase of mining depth.That how to restrain the floor heave effectively has been an important method to stability of soft rock roadway.There are lots of theories about the excavations in the soft rock,but at present,that havetn’t systematic and appropriate support theories of soft rock excavations.The deformed destruction of soft rock is led by many reasons,such as the low intensite itself,the exploiting press,underground water,support and the quality of support etc.
This paper combines elements of the soft rock roadway engineering in Xin’an coal mine of Huaning Group, the mechanism of floor heave of the roadway is profoundly exposed.The factors resulting in its floor heave are analyzed, as well as the components of the floor heave deformation and the developing process of the floor heave are discussed.On the basis of the experience summed up by our predecessors,propose the combined supporting which is made of flexible inverted arch structure.The mechanism of composite structure for flexible inverted arch has been discussed.
Uniaxial and triaxial compression tests about soft rock roadway and grouting specimens of flexible pore cushion were executed on SAW-2000 Electro-hydraulic Servo-controlled Rock Mechanics Testing System manufactured in Kexin testing instrument corporation.Complete process strain-stress curves and mechanism of rock failure for specimens were obtained,and mechanical parameters included peak strength,elastic modulus,Poisson’s ratio, and so on.The physical mechanics of the grouting specimens changed rapidly with the confining pressure and grouting effect.
The factors of floor heave for the belt blind inclind shaft at -800 level and return-air roadway at -600 level including the nature of rock,water,geological structure,tectonic stress,roadway layout and supporting the form of six factors.The interaction of these factors makes the opening floor heave serious.Among them, the nature of rock,water,support means and tectonic stress are major factors.
Numerical simulation using FLAC software calculated the stress distribution,wall rock’s displacement and plastic strain distribution of the three programs:the bare wall,the common rigidity arc,combination of flexible inverted arch structure combined bolting-grouting support.The absence of support in the bottom of the case,the tunnel show a large deformation,concentrated expression of the vault settlement,two groups of restrained,from the floor heave.The ordinary rigid composite structure against the end of Arch and flexible inverted arch could significantly control the deformation of surrounding rock,which composite structure flexible inverted arch effect was more obvious especially in the amount of floor heave control.The numerical simulation proved that the roadway at the complex rock condition uses the combined supporting of soft rock may control the stability of soft roadway well.
The supporting project has successfully been put into practice ,Pre-construction plan for the repair problems on the program's parameters,structural design , supporting the choice of materials , construction organization,set the corresponding measures,vast economic profit and technological effect has been achieved,as well as a good method to control the floor heave of similar roadway has been given.
本文结合华宁集团鑫安矿的工程实际,探讨了软岩巷道的底臌机理,分析了引起该巷道底臌的因素、底臌的过程及底臌量的构成。在总结前人经验的基础上提出了复合结构柔性反底拱用于控制该巷道底臌的方法,并分析了复合结构柔性反底拱的作用机理。
利用SAW-2000微机控制电液伺服岩石试验机等仪器设备,进行软岩峒室围岩岩石力学性质实验及柔性孔隙垫层的注浆试件单轴及常规三轴试验,得到了岩石注及浆试件破坏机理,巷道围岩及注浆试件的弹性模量、泊松比、内摩擦角等物理力学性质指标及破坏的全应力-应变曲线。实验结果得出不同围压及不同的注浆效果对注浆试件力学性质的影响显著。
-800m胶带暗斜井及-600回风大巷底臌的影响因素包括围岩性质、水、地质构造、构造应力、巷道布置和支护形式六方面因素。这些因素的共同作用使得巷道底臌严重。其中,围岩性质、水、支护方式和构造应力是引起底臌的主要因素。
运用有限元数值模拟软件模拟软岩峒室底板在无支护、普通刚性支护、复合结构柔性反底拱支护条件下,峒室围岩的位移、塑性区及应力分布等的变化规律。在底板未作支护的情况下,巷道表现出大变形,集中表现为拱顶下沉、两帮内敛、底板臌起。采用普通刚性反底拱与复合结构柔性反底拱均能明显控制围岩变形量,其中复合结构柔性反底拱效果更明显,突出表现在控制底臌量。比较得到了复合结构柔性反底拱措施对软岩峒室整体稳定性控制的有效性。
将复合结构柔性反底拱应用于现场,针对修复前的施工方案存在的问题,对方案的参数、结构设计、支护材料的选择、施工组织等方面提出了相应的措施。取得了良好的支护效果,为同类软岩峒室稳定性控制技术的研究与应用提供了可行途径。
Deformation of underground project may be more serious as its adjoining rock masses being soft rock or showing soft rock features along with increase of mining depth.That how to restrain the floor heave effectively has been an important method to stability of soft rock roadway.There are lots of theories about the excavations in the soft rock,but at present,that havetn’t systematic and appropriate support theories of soft rock excavations.The deformed destruction of soft rock is led by many reasons,such as the low intensite itself,the exploiting press,underground water,support and the quality of support etc.
This paper combines elements of the soft rock roadway engineering in Xin’an coal mine of Huaning Group, the mechanism of floor heave of the roadway is profoundly exposed.The factors resulting in its floor heave are analyzed, as well as the components of the floor heave deformation and the developing process of the floor heave are discussed.On the basis of the experience summed up by our predecessors,propose the combined supporting which is made of flexible inverted arch structure.The mechanism of composite structure for flexible inverted arch has been discussed.
Uniaxial and triaxial compression tests about soft rock roadway and grouting specimens of flexible pore cushion were executed on SAW-2000 Electro-hydraulic Servo-controlled Rock Mechanics Testing System manufactured in Kexin testing instrument corporation.Complete process strain-stress curves and mechanism of rock failure for specimens were obtained,and mechanical parameters included peak strength,elastic modulus,Poisson’s ratio, and so on.The physical mechanics of the grouting specimens changed rapidly with the confining pressure and grouting effect.
The factors of floor heave for the belt blind inclind shaft at -800 level and return-air roadway at -600 level including the nature of rock,water,geological structure,tectonic stress,roadway layout and supporting the form of six factors.The interaction of these factors makes the opening floor heave serious.Among them, the nature of rock,water,support means and tectonic stress are major factors.
Numerical simulation using FLAC software calculated the stress distribution,wall rock’s displacement and plastic strain distribution of the three programs:the bare wall,the common rigidity arc,combination of flexible inverted arch structure combined bolting-grouting support.The absence of support in the bottom of the case,the tunnel show a large deformation,concentrated expression of the vault settlement,two groups of restrained,from the floor heave.The ordinary rigid composite structure against the end of Arch and flexible inverted arch could significantly control the deformation of surrounding rock,which composite structure flexible inverted arch effect was more obvious especially in the amount of floor heave control.The numerical simulation proved that the roadway at the complex rock condition uses the combined supporting of soft rock may control the stability of soft roadway well.
The supporting project has successfully been put into practice ,Pre-construction plan for the repair problems on the program's parameters,structural design , supporting the choice of materials , construction organization,set the corresponding measures,vast economic profit and technological effect has been achieved,as well as a good method to control the floor heave of similar roadway has been given.
引文
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