北京西站Ⅱ号标段地铁开挖工序对邻近建筑影响
|
摘要
随着城市化进程的加快,地铁成为解决城市交通拥挤的良方。地铁隧道一般修建在城市繁华地段,由于周边建筑物以及构筑物众多,往往对隧道施工开挖产生的地面沉降有着严格的限制要求。浅埋暗挖法作为修建地铁隧道的一种重要手段,较其它施工方法有许多优点,但仍不可避免地会对周围土体及邻近建筑物产生一定影响。本文论证了浅埋暗挖施工工序对周围土体应力应变扰动、引起地面沉降的因素、地铁开挖对邻近建筑影响的机理,进而提出合理可靠的加固措施。本文主要围绕北京站至北京西站地下铁路Ⅱ号标工程段软弱围岩浅埋暗挖大跨度地铁隧道工程中的施工工序变化引起邻近建筑物沉降影响进行分析和数值模拟研究,主要完成了以下工作:
(1)综述了有限元软件模拟隧道施工理论,包括释放荷载计算,地应力逐步释放模拟,隧道开挖及施工模拟,以及ANSYS模拟隧道施工的实现方法。
(2)针对北京站至北京西站地下铁路Ⅱ号标工程段软弱围岩地层区段施工复杂特点,应用经验公式Peck沉陷槽理论及现场土质情况,反推计算出模拟地铁开挖范围模型尺寸。然后建立有限元数值仿真分析;应用此方法建立模型所得结果更加接近实际工程,对隧道围岩稳定性及结构安全性起到一定的预测作用,同时此方法可以推广到三维有限元建模过程中。
(3)本文以北京站至北京西站Ⅱ号标工程段为背景,以五交化批发商场框架楼为研究对象,进行了不同的浅埋暗挖施工工序开挖方案设计与比选。运用通用有限元软件ANSYS,综合考虑了土体非线性、土体与衬砌作用、土体与建筑作用等主要因素建立模型,对施工开挖过程进行非线性有限元仿真模拟。
(4)通过隧道开挖过程有限元数值模拟,分析说明了浅埋暗挖法隧道穿越邻近建筑物时对建筑物自身沉降和内力的影响,将数值模拟结果与现场监控量测得到的数据进行对比分析,有力地验证了本文采用的施工顺序的合理性,以及数值模拟方法的正确性及适用性。本文针对穿越邻近大型建筑物以及构筑物浅埋暗挖地铁,提出了合理的施工顺序和步骤,并对类似工程有较好的指导意义。
(5)为防止施工过程中,由于土层分布不均匀在开挖过程地表以及洞内沉降量突然加大,造成地铁塌陷和建筑物开裂倒塌,设计两种合理安全可行的加固方案。
With the acceleration of urbanization process, subway is the best recipe for the solution to urban traffic congestion. Subway tunnels built in the city downtown lots. Due to the building and large structure, it has strict constraints on land subsidence resulting from tunnel construction. The technique of low covering and hidden digging as a an important tool of subway tunnel construction,which is better than other construction method, will inevitably has a certain impact on surrounding soil and adjacent buildings. This paper analyzes the causes of disturbance to the surrounding soil with the technique of low covering and hidden digging,then demonstrates them and the mechanism of stratum deformation affecting adjacent buildings. At last it puts forward a reasonable and reliable control measures. In this paper, it analyzes the impact on adjacent buildings by the surface subsidence in the technique of low covering and hidden digging subway tunnel engineering NO.Ⅱaround the Beijing Railway Station and Beijing West Station, and conducted a numerical simulation study, then I mainly completed the following work:
(1)Paper overviews the finite element software simulation of tunnel construction theories, including the release of load calculation, the gradual release of stress simulation, the tunnel excavation and construction simulation, as well as the implementation method of ANSYS simulation of tunnel construction.
(2) By applying empirical formula Peck subsidence trough theory and on-site soil conditions, paper anti-push to calculate the scope of simulation model of subway excavation size for railway engineering NO.Ⅱof soft rock construction between the Beijing Railway Station and Beijing West Railway Station. And then it creates a finite element numerical simulation analysis. Applying this method to build a model to make results closer to the actual project. It plays a certain forecast role in tunnel surrounding rock stability and structural safety. At the same time this method can be extended to three-dimensional finite element modeling process.
(3)In this paper, as the backgroud of NO.Ⅱrailway engineering section between Beijing Station and Beijing West Station, and as the Wholesale market of five-floor mall framework for the study, it carries out a different program designs and comprision of the technique of low covering and hidden digging. Using general-purpose finite element software ANSYS, comprenhensively considering soil nonlinearity, the role of soil and lining, grouting pressure of gap formation parameters and other major factors, it promotes three-dimensional nonlinear finite element simulation.
(4)Through the finite element numerical simulation of tunnel excavation process, analysis shows the technique of low covering and hidden digging’s own settlement and internal forces through the building in the neighboring buildings.Comparing numerical simulation results with the measurement data obtained from on-site monitoring, it effectively presents the reasonableness of the construction order,as well as correctness and applicability of numerical simulation methods. In this paper, through the adjacent large buildings and large-span structures in the technique of low covering and hidden digging’s subway tunnel, it promotes the reasonable construction sequence and steps, and it has a good guide to other similar engineerings.
(5) In order to prevent the construction process, due to the uneven distribution of soil surface in the excavation process as well as the settlement inside the cave, resulting in a sudden increase, cracking subway collapse and buildings collapsed, this paper designs two kinds of reasonably safe and feasible reinforcement.
(1)综述了有限元软件模拟隧道施工理论,包括释放荷载计算,地应力逐步释放模拟,隧道开挖及施工模拟,以及ANSYS模拟隧道施工的实现方法。
(2)针对北京站至北京西站地下铁路Ⅱ号标工程段软弱围岩地层区段施工复杂特点,应用经验公式Peck沉陷槽理论及现场土质情况,反推计算出模拟地铁开挖范围模型尺寸。然后建立有限元数值仿真分析;应用此方法建立模型所得结果更加接近实际工程,对隧道围岩稳定性及结构安全性起到一定的预测作用,同时此方法可以推广到三维有限元建模过程中。
(3)本文以北京站至北京西站Ⅱ号标工程段为背景,以五交化批发商场框架楼为研究对象,进行了不同的浅埋暗挖施工工序开挖方案设计与比选。运用通用有限元软件ANSYS,综合考虑了土体非线性、土体与衬砌作用、土体与建筑作用等主要因素建立模型,对施工开挖过程进行非线性有限元仿真模拟。
(4)通过隧道开挖过程有限元数值模拟,分析说明了浅埋暗挖法隧道穿越邻近建筑物时对建筑物自身沉降和内力的影响,将数值模拟结果与现场监控量测得到的数据进行对比分析,有力地验证了本文采用的施工顺序的合理性,以及数值模拟方法的正确性及适用性。本文针对穿越邻近大型建筑物以及构筑物浅埋暗挖地铁,提出了合理的施工顺序和步骤,并对类似工程有较好的指导意义。
(5)为防止施工过程中,由于土层分布不均匀在开挖过程地表以及洞内沉降量突然加大,造成地铁塌陷和建筑物开裂倒塌,设计两种合理安全可行的加固方案。
With the acceleration of urbanization process, subway is the best recipe for the solution to urban traffic congestion. Subway tunnels built in the city downtown lots. Due to the building and large structure, it has strict constraints on land subsidence resulting from tunnel construction. The technique of low covering and hidden digging as a an important tool of subway tunnel construction,which is better than other construction method, will inevitably has a certain impact on surrounding soil and adjacent buildings. This paper analyzes the causes of disturbance to the surrounding soil with the technique of low covering and hidden digging,then demonstrates them and the mechanism of stratum deformation affecting adjacent buildings. At last it puts forward a reasonable and reliable control measures. In this paper, it analyzes the impact on adjacent buildings by the surface subsidence in the technique of low covering and hidden digging subway tunnel engineering NO.Ⅱaround the Beijing Railway Station and Beijing West Station, and conducted a numerical simulation study, then I mainly completed the following work:
(1)Paper overviews the finite element software simulation of tunnel construction theories, including the release of load calculation, the gradual release of stress simulation, the tunnel excavation and construction simulation, as well as the implementation method of ANSYS simulation of tunnel construction.
(2) By applying empirical formula Peck subsidence trough theory and on-site soil conditions, paper anti-push to calculate the scope of simulation model of subway excavation size for railway engineering NO.Ⅱof soft rock construction between the Beijing Railway Station and Beijing West Railway Station. And then it creates a finite element numerical simulation analysis. Applying this method to build a model to make results closer to the actual project. It plays a certain forecast role in tunnel surrounding rock stability and structural safety. At the same time this method can be extended to three-dimensional finite element modeling process.
(3)In this paper, as the backgroud of NO.Ⅱrailway engineering section between Beijing Station and Beijing West Station, and as the Wholesale market of five-floor mall framework for the study, it carries out a different program designs and comprision of the technique of low covering and hidden digging. Using general-purpose finite element software ANSYS, comprenhensively considering soil nonlinearity, the role of soil and lining, grouting pressure of gap formation parameters and other major factors, it promotes three-dimensional nonlinear finite element simulation.
(4)Through the finite element numerical simulation of tunnel excavation process, analysis shows the technique of low covering and hidden digging’s own settlement and internal forces through the building in the neighboring buildings.Comparing numerical simulation results with the measurement data obtained from on-site monitoring, it effectively presents the reasonableness of the construction order,as well as correctness and applicability of numerical simulation methods. In this paper, through the adjacent large buildings and large-span structures in the technique of low covering and hidden digging’s subway tunnel, it promotes the reasonable construction sequence and steps, and it has a good guide to other similar engineerings.
(5) In order to prevent the construction process, due to the uneven distribution of soil surface in the excavation process as well as the settlement inside the cave, resulting in a sudden increase, cracking subway collapse and buildings collapsed, this paper designs two kinds of reasonably safe and feasible reinforcement.
引文
[1]K.M.Lee,R.Kerry,K.Y.Lo.Subsidence Owing to Tunnelling.I.Estimating the Gap Parameter.Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1992,Vol.29:929-940
[2]R.J.Mair , R.N.Taylor , A.Bracegirdle . Subsueface Settlement Profiles above Tunnels in Clays.Geotechnique,1993(43),No.2:315-320
[3]Attewell P.B,Yeates J.and Selby A.R..Soil movements induced by tunneling and the effects on pipelines and structures.Blackie and Son,London,1986
[4]刘金磊.北京地铁浅理暗挖双连拱隧道设计.铁道建筑[J],2006(10):60-62
[5]贾建波,焦苍,范鹏.天津地铁浅埋暗挖隧道地表变形分析.隧道建设[J],2006,26(1):18-20
[6]李永盛,地下结构粘弹塑性分析.同济研究生教材,1996
[7]邹种.盾构隧道同步注浆技术.现代隧道技术,2003:40(1)
[8]胡泯,周文波.盾构施工地面沉降估算公式初探.上海市政工程,1996(2)
[9]刘洪洲,孙钧.土压平衡盾构与地层沉降的根源及其影响因素分析.岩土工程师,2002:14(2)
[10]陈先国,高波.地铁近距离平行隧道有限元数值模拟.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1330-1334
[11]王梦恕.北京地铁浅埋暗挖法施[J].铁道工程学报,1998,12(4):7-l2
[12]Toshi Nomoto,Shinichiro Imamura.et al Shield tunnels construction in centrifuge.J.ofGeotechnical and Geoenvironment Engineering,125(4),1999:289-299
[13]J.A.Hudson.et al,Measuring horizontal ground movement.Tunnel&Tunneling,1978(3)
[14]C.Gonzalez,C.Sagaseta.Patterns of Soil Deformations Around Tunnels Application to the Extension of Madrid Metro.Computers and Geotechnics,2001,28:445-468
[15]C.Y.Kim,G.J.Bae.S.W.Hong,C.H.Park,H.K.Moon,H.S.Shin.Neural Network Based Prediction of Ground Surface Settlements Due to Tunnelling.Computers and Geotechnics,2001,28:517-547
[16]廖鸿雁.矿山法施工地铁隧道时控制地表沉降、地下管线沉降的施工技术.现代隧道技术,2002(6)
[17]沈培良,张海波,殷宗泽.上海地区地铁隧道盾构施工地面沉降分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(5):556-559
[18]Finno.R.J.,Clough.G.W.Evaluation of Soil Response to EPB Shield Tunnelling.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1985,111(2):157-173
[19]干昆蓉,干晓蓉.浅埋地铁暗挖法施工地表沉降预测及控制基准研究.隧道及地下工程,1997(3)
[20]Mair R.J.,Centrifugal modeling of tunnel construction in soft clay.Ph.D thesis.University of Cambridge,1979
[21]Shue-Yeong Chi,Jin-Ching Chern,Chin-Cheng Lin.Optimized Back-Analysisfor Tunnelling-Induced Ground Movement Using Equivalent Ground Loss Model.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16:159-165
[22]N.Loganathan,H.G.Poulos.Analytical Prediction for Tunneling-inducedGround Movements in Clays.Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmntalEngineering,1998,September:846-856
[23]茵勇勤,岳中琦等.隧道开挖方式对建筑物桩基影响的数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(s):735-740
[24]彭立敏等.高层建筑基础与下部地下洞室相互作用的空间效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(9):496-501
[25]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].中国铁道出版社,1995
[26]孙钧,汪炳鉴.地下结构有限单元法解析.同济大学出版社,1986
[27]钱家欢.土力学.南京:河海大学出版社,1988
[28]刘特洪.软岩工程设计理论与施工实践[D].中国建筑工业出版社,2001(5)
[29]吴家龙.弹性力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996(3)
[30]凌贤长.岩体力学研究的若干问题.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1998,Vo1(31), No.4:118-123
[31]刁心宏,冯夏庭等.岩石工程中数值模拟的关键问题及其发展,金属矿山, 1999.N0.6.5-7
[32]O’Reilly M.P.et al . Long-term settlements over tunneling . an 11 years study at Grimsby.Grimsby.Tunnelling’91,1991:55-64
[33]S.Bernat,B.Cambou.Soil-structure Interaction in Shield Tunnelling in Soft Soil. Computers and Geotechnics,1998,22(4):221-242
[34]张志强,何川.深圳地铁隧道邻接桩基施工力学行为研究.岩土工程学报, 2003,25(3):204-207
[35]卿伟宸,廖红建,钱春宇.地下隧道施工对相邻建筑物及地表沉降的影响.地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(6):960-963
[36]李强,王明年,李德才等.地铁车站暗挖隧道施工对既有桩基的影响.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1):184-190
[37]关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集[M].人民交通出版社,2003
[38]陈国兴.高层建筑技术设计[M].中国建材工业出版社,2000
[39]白晓红.基础工程设计原理[M].科学出版社,2005
[40]许江,顾义磊,康骥鸣.隧道与地表构筑物相互影响的研究.岩土力学,2005,26(6):889-892
[41]罗济章,刘正保.开洞地基与框架结构相互作用的耦合分析法.重庆建筑工程学院学报,1991,13(2):1-12
[42]谭建国.使用ANSYS进行有限元分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[43]李权.ANSYS在隧道及地下工程中的应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005(6)
[44]王暖堂.城市地铁复杂洞群浅埋暗挖法的有限元模拟[J].岩土力学,2001(4)
[45]芮勇勤,岳中琦,唐春安,杨天鸿,陆培炎.隧道开挖方式对建筑物桩基影响的数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):735-741
[46]况龙川,李智敏,殷宗泽.地下工程施工影响地铁隧道的实测分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(S1):79-82
[47]中华人民共和国国家标准《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(GB50111-2006).中华人民共和国建设部
[48]中华人民共和国国家标准《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001).中华人民共和国建设部
[49]中华人民共和国国家标准《地下铁道,轻轨交通岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50307-1999).中华人民共和国建设部
[50]中华人民共和国国家标准《铁路工程地质勘查规范》(TB10012-2007,J124-2007).中华人民共和国建设部
[51]中华人民共和国国家标准《岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50021-94).中国建筑工业出版社
[52]中华人民共和国国家标准《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007-2002).中华人民共和国建设部
[53]李宁.当前岩石力学数值方法的几点思考.岩石力学与工程学,1997,Vol(16)
[2]R.J.Mair , R.N.Taylor , A.Bracegirdle . Subsueface Settlement Profiles above Tunnels in Clays.Geotechnique,1993(43),No.2:315-320
[3]Attewell P.B,Yeates J.and Selby A.R..Soil movements induced by tunneling and the effects on pipelines and structures.Blackie and Son,London,1986
[4]刘金磊.北京地铁浅理暗挖双连拱隧道设计.铁道建筑[J],2006(10):60-62
[5]贾建波,焦苍,范鹏.天津地铁浅埋暗挖隧道地表变形分析.隧道建设[J],2006,26(1):18-20
[6]李永盛,地下结构粘弹塑性分析.同济研究生教材,1996
[7]邹种.盾构隧道同步注浆技术.现代隧道技术,2003:40(1)
[8]胡泯,周文波.盾构施工地面沉降估算公式初探.上海市政工程,1996(2)
[9]刘洪洲,孙钧.土压平衡盾构与地层沉降的根源及其影响因素分析.岩土工程师,2002:14(2)
[10]陈先国,高波.地铁近距离平行隧道有限元数值模拟.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1330-1334
[11]王梦恕.北京地铁浅埋暗挖法施[J].铁道工程学报,1998,12(4):7-l2
[12]Toshi Nomoto,Shinichiro Imamura.et al Shield tunnels construction in centrifuge.J.ofGeotechnical and Geoenvironment Engineering,125(4),1999:289-299
[13]J.A.Hudson.et al,Measuring horizontal ground movement.Tunnel&Tunneling,1978(3)
[14]C.Gonzalez,C.Sagaseta.Patterns of Soil Deformations Around Tunnels Application to the Extension of Madrid Metro.Computers and Geotechnics,2001,28:445-468
[15]C.Y.Kim,G.J.Bae.S.W.Hong,C.H.Park,H.K.Moon,H.S.Shin.Neural Network Based Prediction of Ground Surface Settlements Due to Tunnelling.Computers and Geotechnics,2001,28:517-547
[16]廖鸿雁.矿山法施工地铁隧道时控制地表沉降、地下管线沉降的施工技术.现代隧道技术,2002(6)
[17]沈培良,张海波,殷宗泽.上海地区地铁隧道盾构施工地面沉降分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(5):556-559
[18]Finno.R.J.,Clough.G.W.Evaluation of Soil Response to EPB Shield Tunnelling.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1985,111(2):157-173
[19]干昆蓉,干晓蓉.浅埋地铁暗挖法施工地表沉降预测及控制基准研究.隧道及地下工程,1997(3)
[20]Mair R.J.,Centrifugal modeling of tunnel construction in soft clay.Ph.D thesis.University of Cambridge,1979
[21]Shue-Yeong Chi,Jin-Ching Chern,Chin-Cheng Lin.Optimized Back-Analysisfor Tunnelling-Induced Ground Movement Using Equivalent Ground Loss Model.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16:159-165
[22]N.Loganathan,H.G.Poulos.Analytical Prediction for Tunneling-inducedGround Movements in Clays.Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmntalEngineering,1998,September:846-856
[23]茵勇勤,岳中琦等.隧道开挖方式对建筑物桩基影响的数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(s):735-740
[24]彭立敏等.高层建筑基础与下部地下洞室相互作用的空间效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(9):496-501
[25]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].中国铁道出版社,1995
[26]孙钧,汪炳鉴.地下结构有限单元法解析.同济大学出版社,1986
[27]钱家欢.土力学.南京:河海大学出版社,1988
[28]刘特洪.软岩工程设计理论与施工实践[D].中国建筑工业出版社,2001(5)
[29]吴家龙.弹性力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996(3)
[30]凌贤长.岩体力学研究的若干问题.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1998,Vo1(31), No.4:118-123
[31]刁心宏,冯夏庭等.岩石工程中数值模拟的关键问题及其发展,金属矿山, 1999.N0.6.5-7
[32]O’Reilly M.P.et al . Long-term settlements over tunneling . an 11 years study at Grimsby.Grimsby.Tunnelling’91,1991:55-64
[33]S.Bernat,B.Cambou.Soil-structure Interaction in Shield Tunnelling in Soft Soil. Computers and Geotechnics,1998,22(4):221-242
[34]张志强,何川.深圳地铁隧道邻接桩基施工力学行为研究.岩土工程学报, 2003,25(3):204-207
[35]卿伟宸,廖红建,钱春宇.地下隧道施工对相邻建筑物及地表沉降的影响.地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(6):960-963
[36]李强,王明年,李德才等.地铁车站暗挖隧道施工对既有桩基的影响.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1):184-190
[37]关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集[M].人民交通出版社,2003
[38]陈国兴.高层建筑技术设计[M].中国建材工业出版社,2000
[39]白晓红.基础工程设计原理[M].科学出版社,2005
[40]许江,顾义磊,康骥鸣.隧道与地表构筑物相互影响的研究.岩土力学,2005,26(6):889-892
[41]罗济章,刘正保.开洞地基与框架结构相互作用的耦合分析法.重庆建筑工程学院学报,1991,13(2):1-12
[42]谭建国.使用ANSYS进行有限元分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[43]李权.ANSYS在隧道及地下工程中的应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005(6)
[44]王暖堂.城市地铁复杂洞群浅埋暗挖法的有限元模拟[J].岩土力学,2001(4)
[45]芮勇勤,岳中琦,唐春安,杨天鸿,陆培炎.隧道开挖方式对建筑物桩基影响的数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):735-741
[46]况龙川,李智敏,殷宗泽.地下工程施工影响地铁隧道的实测分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(S1):79-82
[47]中华人民共和国国家标准《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(GB50111-2006).中华人民共和国建设部
[48]中华人民共和国国家标准《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001).中华人民共和国建设部
[49]中华人民共和国国家标准《地下铁道,轻轨交通岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50307-1999).中华人民共和国建设部
[50]中华人民共和国国家标准《铁路工程地质勘查规范》(TB10012-2007,J124-2007).中华人民共和国建设部
[51]中华人民共和国国家标准《岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50021-94).中国建筑工业出版社
[52]中华人民共和国国家标准《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007-2002).中华人民共和国建设部
[53]李宁.当前岩石力学数值方法的几点思考.岩石力学与工程学,1997,Vol(16)