辽宁省观音阁水库安全分析综合评价
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摘要
水库可持续性发展是水利工程建设中极为重要的研究方向,对水库运行有非常重大的意义。本论文针对辽宁省观音阁水库各个方面的安全鉴定进行分析。对水库大坝工程质量、水库管理、防洪标准、结构安全、大坝渗流安全、抗震安全、金属结构安全等方面进行复核、分析和评价。通过研究认为:水库大坝结构安全等级为A级,大坝渗流安全等级为A级,金属结构安全为B级,工程质量良好,因此将观音阁水库大坝评定为一类坝。最后,对观音阁水库存在的问题提出了合理化建议,作为水库制定未来发展目标和计划的依据,进一步促进水库的可持续发展。
Water is a kind of important and indispensable material, which is also irreplaceable natural resource for survival of all lives and production on the earth. With the increase of water needs of industry, agriculture and urban, it is significant to make full use of ground water resources for water shortage regions of our country. Reservoir is one of the important facilities to regulate the natural water; and the reservoir management is the use and management of reservoirs, but also an important element of water conservancy work. Utilize is to perform its functions and effectiveness, management is to ensure the reservoir safety and prolong its life. In the construction and operation process of small and medium-sized reservoirs, the exsiting roblems mainly include: engineering quality problems, reservoir operation security problems, reservoir management problems, surrounding environment, economic and social development problems. Some of the problems may limit the current development of the reservoir. Therefore, it has important theoretical value and practical value to evaluate the dam security, reservoir management, surrounding environment, economic and social development, to formulate the well-developed reservoir plan, to optimize water resources allocation and promote further sustainable development.
The paper put emphasis on operation and management evaluation of Guanyinge reservoir. Firstly, the paper discussed the research status on operation and management evaluation of reservoir at Home and Abroad, and made an field investigations and research on the hydrological, meteorological and geological conditions of Guanyinge reservoir and the basic situation of the main buildings, such as structure size, operating conditions, quality, leakage (including leakage location, flow, etc.) water intake structure size & discharge structure size, operation and management of control equipment. Then the author carried on summary, analysis and induction on survey data.
Secondly, content and methods of the reservoir operation and management appraisement are introduced. Based on the existing research of sustainable development, experts’opinions, the international and national standard,“the Agenda of China in 21st Centuries”, the Chinese water conservancy modernizes and the corresponding numbers in“the reservoir great dam safe evaluation lead”, at the same time mathematical statistical analysis is used in the study. The study findings are as follows:
1. Engineering Quality Evaluation
GuanYinGe reservoir project was experienced by high-level water test after impoundment, the observational data indicated that Dam operating normally, and meet the design requirements. But also there are some problems at water retaining dam section, overflow section, dam bottom outlet section and power plant dam section. For example, dam safety monitoring and controlling automation system were paralyses, internal observation data wasn’t collected, all outside observation data was done by manual, and therefore observation Accuracy is low. There has never been on the water quality monitoring and measurement for reservoir sedimentation. Drainage holes on dam surface were plugged. There were some cracks on the back of power plant dam section; water seepage etc. because of no maintenance crane and crane beam at hoist house in bottom intake and power plant intake, large pieces cannot be lifted, When repair equipment. Work gates cannot be achieved remote automatic control. However, these issues do not jeopardize the dam; and that need continue to observe. And form the above, GuanYinGe reservoir project is good.
2. Dam Operation and Management Evaluation
According to the actual situation of Guanyinge reservoir, which strictly enforce the scheduling schemes to ensure safety operation, to reduce flood disaster, to succeed in storing large quantities of flood, and to protect the safety of people's lives and property made tremendous contribution in reservoir downstream.
3. Flood Control Standard Review
The actual flood prevention capacity of GuanYinGe reservoir meets the country's existing standards and codes. In the existing flood discharge equipments conditions, maximum flow can be released safely, crest elevation that is higher than the calculated value is to meet the code requirements, so flood safety level of Guanyinge reservoir is for the A-level.
4. Structure Safety Evaluation
Dam stability calculation, dam safety factor of the riverbed, bank slope, and anti-shear stress calculation meet the standard specifications. Although without protection for the downstream of riverbed behind bottom outlets, overall, reservoir operation condition was normal, main structure of dam safety evaluation is for the A-level.
5. Seepage Safety Evaluation
Reservoir monitoring data is more comprehensive, and so far has been 12 years of the original monitoring data. Through on-site inspection and monitoring of data analysis, the Dam seepage discharge were stable and in a certain range. And the dam seepage control system was running well; Seepage Safety Evaluation is for the A-level.
Seismic Safety Evaluation
Reviewed the seismic intensity of reservoir dam by 7°, the results meet codes requirements, and seismic safety evaluation is for the A-level. Metal structure Safety Evaluation The spillway arch-gates, plant bulkhead gates and bottom outlet service gates’embedded parts and hoisting equipments were maintaining well. Steel structure corrosion was in a lesser degree. Main problems are that the opening self-detective instrument of gate hoist cannot be used, and without standby power for hoisting equipments, parts of water-proof rubber were aging; water-proof bolts corrosion was very serious, hoisting equipments were abnormal once in a while, the safety and reliability were weak, However, it can still meet the operational requirements. Metal structure safety evaluation is for the B-level.
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Safety of Reservoirs
Based on“the reservoir great dam safe evaluation lead”(SL258-2000), the dam safety evaluation is for the A-level. Seismic safety evaluation is for the A-level. Metal structure safety evaluation is for the B-level. Engineering quality is good. Therefore, Guanyinge dam will be classified as classⅠ.
Finally, the article discusses the danger removal and reinforcement measures for the dam body, and puts forward reasonable proposals for the obvious influence factors. Such as, to fix automated monitoring facilities for the dam, to perfect automatic hydrological data acquisition and transmission system, to improve the precision of dam safety detection and automatic hydrological data acquisition and transmission system, to add water quality-monitoring project, to clear the drainage holes on dam surface, discharge ponding water, to repair concrete cracks and defects of dam, to repair wall and floor of drainage gallery, to achieve ventilation for tunnel grouting and drainage gallery, to add energy dissipater behind sluicing area, to complete repair the dam downstream erosion, to re-assess the flood control standard for the dyke of right bank, to replace staling water-proof rubber and water-proof bolts for the service gates, to plant bulkhead gates and bottom outlet service gates, to comprehensively detect for the hydraulic components of hydraulic gate hoist, power systems, opening self-detective instrument and oil system, to maintenance opening self-detective instrument of hoisting equipment and to increase the standby power, etc.
Since the data are limited, only study on Guanyinge reservoir is carried out, which can also be adapted to other reservoirs. Based on the study, the paper puts forward some perfect measures that are propitious to the sustainable development of reservoirs.
Water is a kind of important and indispensable material, which is also irreplaceable natural resource for survival of all lives and production on the earth. With the increase of water needs of industry, agriculture and urban, it is significant to make full use of ground water resources for water shortage regions of our country. Reservoir is one of the important facilities to regulate the natural water; and the reservoir management is the use and management of reservoirs, but also an important element of water conservancy work. Utilize is to perform its functions and effectiveness, management is to ensure the reservoir safety and prolong its life. In the construction and operation process of small and medium-sized reservoirs, the exsiting roblems mainly include: engineering quality problems, reservoir operation security problems, reservoir management problems, surrounding environment, economic and social development problems. Some of the problems may limit the current development of the reservoir. Therefore, it has important theoretical value and practical value to evaluate the dam security, reservoir management, surrounding environment, economic and social development, to formulate the well-developed reservoir plan, to optimize water resources allocation and promote further sustainable development.
The paper put emphasis on operation and management evaluation of Guanyinge reservoir. Firstly, the paper discussed the research status on operation and management evaluation of reservoir at Home and Abroad, and made an field investigations and research on the hydrological, meteorological and geological conditions of Guanyinge reservoir and the basic situation of the main buildings, such as structure size, operating conditions, quality, leakage (including leakage location, flow, etc.) water intake structure size & discharge structure size, operation and management of control equipment. Then the author carried on summary, analysis and induction on survey data.
Secondly, content and methods of the reservoir operation and management appraisement are introduced. Based on the existing research of sustainable development, experts’opinions, the international and national standard,“the Agenda of China in 21st Centuries”, the Chinese water conservancy modernizes and the corresponding numbers in“the reservoir great dam safe evaluation lead”, at the same time mathematical statistical analysis is used in the study. The study findings are as follows:
1. Engineering Quality Evaluation
GuanYinGe reservoir project was experienced by high-level water test after impoundment, the observational data indicated that Dam operating normally, and meet the design requirements. But also there are some problems at water retaining dam section, overflow section, dam bottom outlet section and power plant dam section. For example, dam safety monitoring and controlling automation system were paralyses, internal observation data wasn’t collected, all outside observation data was done by manual, and therefore observation Accuracy is low. There has never been on the water quality monitoring and measurement for reservoir sedimentation. Drainage holes on dam surface were plugged. There were some cracks on the back of power plant dam section; water seepage etc. because of no maintenance crane and crane beam at hoist house in bottom intake and power plant intake, large pieces cannot be lifted, When repair equipment. Work gates cannot be achieved remote automatic control. However, these issues do not jeopardize the dam; and that need continue to observe. And form the above, GuanYinGe reservoir project is good.
2. Dam Operation and Management Evaluation
According to the actual situation of Guanyinge reservoir, which strictly enforce the scheduling schemes to ensure safety operation, to reduce flood disaster, to succeed in storing large quantities of flood, and to protect the safety of people's lives and property made tremendous contribution in reservoir downstream.
3. Flood Control Standard Review
The actual flood prevention capacity of GuanYinGe reservoir meets the country's existing standards and codes. In the existing flood discharge equipments conditions, maximum flow can be released safely, crest elevation that is higher than the calculated value is to meet the code requirements, so flood safety level of Guanyinge reservoir is for the A-level.
4. Structure Safety Evaluation
Dam stability calculation, dam safety factor of the riverbed, bank slope, and anti-shear stress calculation meet the standard specifications. Although without protection for the downstream of riverbed behind bottom outlets, overall, reservoir operation condition was normal, main structure of dam safety evaluation is for the A-level.
5. Seepage Safety Evaluation
Reservoir monitoring data is more comprehensive, and so far has been 12 years of the original monitoring data. Through on-site inspection and monitoring of data analysis, the Dam seepage discharge were stable and in a certain range. And the dam seepage control system was running well; Seepage Safety Evaluation is for the A-level.
Seismic Safety Evaluation
Reviewed the seismic intensity of reservoir dam by 7°, the results meet codes requirements, and seismic safety evaluation is for the A-level. Metal structure Safety Evaluation The spillway arch-gates, plant bulkhead gates and bottom outlet service gates’embedded parts and hoisting equipments were maintaining well. Steel structure corrosion was in a lesser degree. Main problems are that the opening self-detective instrument of gate hoist cannot be used, and without standby power for hoisting equipments, parts of water-proof rubber were aging; water-proof bolts corrosion was very serious, hoisting equipments were abnormal once in a while, the safety and reliability were weak, However, it can still meet the operational requirements. Metal structure safety evaluation is for the B-level.
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Safety of Reservoirs
Based on“the reservoir great dam safe evaluation lead”(SL258-2000), the dam safety evaluation is for the A-level. Seismic safety evaluation is for the A-level. Metal structure safety evaluation is for the B-level. Engineering quality is good. Therefore, Guanyinge dam will be classified as classⅠ.
Finally, the article discusses the danger removal and reinforcement measures for the dam body, and puts forward reasonable proposals for the obvious influence factors. Such as, to fix automated monitoring facilities for the dam, to perfect automatic hydrological data acquisition and transmission system, to improve the precision of dam safety detection and automatic hydrological data acquisition and transmission system, to add water quality-monitoring project, to clear the drainage holes on dam surface, discharge ponding water, to repair concrete cracks and defects of dam, to repair wall and floor of drainage gallery, to achieve ventilation for tunnel grouting and drainage gallery, to add energy dissipater behind sluicing area, to complete repair the dam downstream erosion, to re-assess the flood control standard for the dyke of right bank, to replace staling water-proof rubber and water-proof bolts for the service gates, to plant bulkhead gates and bottom outlet service gates, to comprehensively detect for the hydraulic components of hydraulic gate hoist, power systems, opening self-detective instrument and oil system, to maintenance opening self-detective instrument of hoisting equipment and to increase the standby power, etc.
Since the data are limited, only study on Guanyinge reservoir is carried out, which can also be adapted to other reservoirs. Based on the study, the paper puts forward some perfect measures that are propitious to the sustainable development of reservoirs.
引文
[1]盛金保.小型水库大坝安全与管理问题及对策[J].中国水利,2008:(20)
[2]湖北省水利水电科学研究所.当阳市三星寺水库大坝安全评价报告[M]. 2007:4
[3]江苏省溧阳市沙河水库管理处.沙河水库志[M].1991:7
[4]江苏省沙河管理处.江苏省沙河水库大坝安全鉴定总结[M].1996:5
[5]蔡红娟.杭州市青山水库大坝安全鉴定分析评价[J].浙江水利科技,2002:(04)
[6]陕西省水利水土保持厅,陕西省水利学会,羊毛湾灌溉管理局著.羊毛湾水库大坝工程安全论证会文件汇编[M]. 1991:10
[7]邹双七,蒋开新.桎木水库溃坝及小型水库安全分析[J].大坝与安全,2005:(02)
[8]崔献峰,周世龙,祁立友,王俊杰.桃林口水库大坝安全监测回归分析软件开发及应用[J].河北水利水电技术,2003:(02)
[9]何米文.小型水库大坝安全评价有关问题的探讨及对策.中国水利,2008:(20)
[10]T.L. saaty. The analytic hierarchy process [M]. Printed by thomass saaty. USA. 1998
[11]Daniel P Loucks, et.al, sustainable water resources management [J]. Journal of water resources planning and management. 2000,126(2):43-47
[12]Braden J B, Jerland E C. Balancing the economic approach to sustainable water management [J]. Water Science Technic, 1999, 39(5):17-23.
[13]F.Zahedi. the analytic hierarchy process- a survey of the method and its application [M]. Interface. 1986: 16:7-8
[14]吴晓彬,段智芳,刘波.谈小型水库大坝安全鉴定应注意的几个问题[J].江西水利科技.2005:(S1)
[15]周举林.浅析小型水库的安全评价问题[J].湖南水利水电.2005,(02)
[16]韩文娟,严文群.小型水库大坝安全鉴定及其除险加固措施[J].水利科技与经济.2006:( 01)
[17]徐小甘,杨春苗.金兰水库大坝安全鉴定[J].水利科技与经济.2007:( 08)
[18]郭士洲.芦源水库大坝安全鉴定[J].大坝与安全.2007:( 01)
[19]王昭升.水库大坝安全鉴定办法解读与实践认识[J].中国水利.2008:( 20)
[20]曹林,刘秉贤.谈水库大坝安全鉴定过程中存在的问题[J].江西水利科技.2005:( z1)
[21]溧水县中型水库大坝安全鉴定和小型水库大坝安全论证工作模式和方法[J].江苏科技成果通报.2000:( 09)
[22]吴晓彬,李海辉,章伟平.大坝安全鉴定及除险加固设计存在的问题和原因分析[J].江西水利科技.2005:( 03)
[23]谷晓军,张景哲,高立山.大清沟水库大坝工程安全鉴定前现场检查初探[J].中国科技信息.2005:( 01)
[24]徐福卫,陈海玉.金鸡水库大坝安全评价[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版).2005:( 06)
[25]盛爱景.浦江县千库保安工程建设的实践[J].浙江水利科技.2005:( 01)
[26]黎玉彬.当前水库除险加固若干问题的商榷[J].广西水利水电.2008:( 04)
[27]盛金保,李雷,王昭升.我国小型水库大坝安全问题探讨[J].中国水利.2006:( 02)
[28]王结平.小型水库大坝安全鉴定中洪水标准复核计算[J].中国农村水利水电.2003:( 04)
[29]戴金华,张文捷.江西省水库大坝安全鉴定综述[J].江西水利科技.2001:( z1)
[30]黄慧鹏.靖西县朋怀水库大坝安全鉴定综述[J].广西水利水电.2007:( 01)
[31]何雨能,胡锋.余江县小型水库土坝渗漏[J].企业导报, 2009, (11) :274
[32]钱玉香,李文涛,刘建光.威海市小型水库雨水情自动监测系统研究[J].山东水利, 2009, (10) :10-12
[33]中华人民共和国水利部. SL258-2000.水库大坝安全评价导则[S].中国水利水电出版社.2001:1
[34]王崇举,潘复生著.三峡库区可持续发展与科技进步[M].社会科学文献出版社.2002:9
[35]方子云,邹家祥著.长江地区环境对策与可持续发展[M].武汉出版社.199:10
[36]谢新明,张海庆著.水资源评价及可持续发展利用规划理论与实践[M].黄河水利出版社.2003:8
[37]中华人民共和国水利部.水库大坝安全鉴定办法[S].1995
[38]赵国甫.沈淑英水利部“混凝土坝养护修理规程”[S]介绍水利水运科学研究1998:12
[2]湖北省水利水电科学研究所.当阳市三星寺水库大坝安全评价报告[M]. 2007:4
[3]江苏省溧阳市沙河水库管理处.沙河水库志[M].1991:7
[4]江苏省沙河管理处.江苏省沙河水库大坝安全鉴定总结[M].1996:5
[5]蔡红娟.杭州市青山水库大坝安全鉴定分析评价[J].浙江水利科技,2002:(04)
[6]陕西省水利水土保持厅,陕西省水利学会,羊毛湾灌溉管理局著.羊毛湾水库大坝工程安全论证会文件汇编[M]. 1991:10
[7]邹双七,蒋开新.桎木水库溃坝及小型水库安全分析[J].大坝与安全,2005:(02)
[8]崔献峰,周世龙,祁立友,王俊杰.桃林口水库大坝安全监测回归分析软件开发及应用[J].河北水利水电技术,2003:(02)
[9]何米文.小型水库大坝安全评价有关问题的探讨及对策.中国水利,2008:(20)
[10]T.L. saaty. The analytic hierarchy process [M]. Printed by thomass saaty. USA. 1998
[11]Daniel P Loucks, et.al, sustainable water resources management [J]. Journal of water resources planning and management. 2000,126(2):43-47
[12]Braden J B, Jerland E C. Balancing the economic approach to sustainable water management [J]. Water Science Technic, 1999, 39(5):17-23.
[13]F.Zahedi. the analytic hierarchy process- a survey of the method and its application [M]. Interface. 1986: 16:7-8
[14]吴晓彬,段智芳,刘波.谈小型水库大坝安全鉴定应注意的几个问题[J].江西水利科技.2005:(S1)
[15]周举林.浅析小型水库的安全评价问题[J].湖南水利水电.2005,(02)
[16]韩文娟,严文群.小型水库大坝安全鉴定及其除险加固措施[J].水利科技与经济.2006:( 01)
[17]徐小甘,杨春苗.金兰水库大坝安全鉴定[J].水利科技与经济.2007:( 08)
[18]郭士洲.芦源水库大坝安全鉴定[J].大坝与安全.2007:( 01)
[19]王昭升.水库大坝安全鉴定办法解读与实践认识[J].中国水利.2008:( 20)
[20]曹林,刘秉贤.谈水库大坝安全鉴定过程中存在的问题[J].江西水利科技.2005:( z1)
[21]溧水县中型水库大坝安全鉴定和小型水库大坝安全论证工作模式和方法[J].江苏科技成果通报.2000:( 09)
[22]吴晓彬,李海辉,章伟平.大坝安全鉴定及除险加固设计存在的问题和原因分析[J].江西水利科技.2005:( 03)
[23]谷晓军,张景哲,高立山.大清沟水库大坝工程安全鉴定前现场检查初探[J].中国科技信息.2005:( 01)
[24]徐福卫,陈海玉.金鸡水库大坝安全评价[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版).2005:( 06)
[25]盛爱景.浦江县千库保安工程建设的实践[J].浙江水利科技.2005:( 01)
[26]黎玉彬.当前水库除险加固若干问题的商榷[J].广西水利水电.2008:( 04)
[27]盛金保,李雷,王昭升.我国小型水库大坝安全问题探讨[J].中国水利.2006:( 02)
[28]王结平.小型水库大坝安全鉴定中洪水标准复核计算[J].中国农村水利水电.2003:( 04)
[29]戴金华,张文捷.江西省水库大坝安全鉴定综述[J].江西水利科技.2001:( z1)
[30]黄慧鹏.靖西县朋怀水库大坝安全鉴定综述[J].广西水利水电.2007:( 01)
[31]何雨能,胡锋.余江县小型水库土坝渗漏[J].企业导报, 2009, (11) :274
[32]钱玉香,李文涛,刘建光.威海市小型水库雨水情自动监测系统研究[J].山东水利, 2009, (10) :10-12
[33]中华人民共和国水利部. SL258-2000.水库大坝安全评价导则[S].中国水利水电出版社.2001:1
[34]王崇举,潘复生著.三峡库区可持续发展与科技进步[M].社会科学文献出版社.2002:9
[35]方子云,邹家祥著.长江地区环境对策与可持续发展[M].武汉出版社.199:10
[36]谢新明,张海庆著.水资源评价及可持续发展利用规划理论与实践[M].黄河水利出版社.2003:8
[37]中华人民共和国水利部.水库大坝安全鉴定办法[S].1995
[38]赵国甫.沈淑英水利部“混凝土坝养护修理规程”[S]介绍水利水运科学研究1998:12