山地微耕机若干部件的设计与牵引附着性能试验研究
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摘要
由于山地地形复杂、耕地面积小而分散、地面高差大,使得农业机械在山地作业比在平原作业更困难;同时,由于山间道路窄小、崎岖不平,使得山地机械的运输也成为问题。近年来,研究开发山地用农业机械已成为中国农业工程界的研究重点。研究一种易操作、稳定性好、爬坡能力和越障能力均强的山地用农业机械,具有重要的实际价值。
本论文针对山地机械存在稳定性不足等问题,依托陕西省烟草局项目—“山地遥控微耕机的研究开发”,针对烟草种植地地势复杂、地形多变等特点,研发适于山地作业的山地微型耕地机,并完成若干部件的设计。在样机上进行牵引性能试验量化分析履带结构参数对该机附着性能的影响,得出试验范围内的最优组合,为进一步改该机提供指导。本论文的主要研究内容如下:
(1)针对山地作业环境的特点,在原1YG型果园清耕机的基础上,设计带有液压调平装置的履带式行走系。
(2)设计能够平衡偏牵引力的双向平衡铲。
(3)完成液压系统设计计算,以及液压元件的选型。
(4)对整机进行三维造型,为该机零部件的有限元分析和进一步改进提供一个平台。
(5)完成山地微耕机的样机试制。
(6)进行牵引附着性能试验,研究履带结构参数对该机附着性能的影响。通过设计正交试验,研究该山地微耕机的履带结构参数包括履带宽度,履带支承段长度和履刺对于整机牵引附着性能的影响,并获得试验范围内这三个参数的最优组合。试验结果表明履刺对于附着力的影响最大,履刺的存在能够提高附着力达26.64%;获得履带结构参数的最佳组合为:履带支承段长度1020mm,履带宽度为125mm,履刺高度为28mm。
该机的主要指标为:离地间隙在136-336mm之间可调,耕幅30cm,设计耕深25cm,最大牵引力3300N。
The research on the agricultural machines which applied in the areas of hillside has become one of the significant and difficult points in the field of the Chinese Agricultural Engineering. Confined by its complicated operation environment, the transportation and application of this kind of machine is an unsettled problem.
This paper commissioned by the Department of Tobacco in Shaanxi dedicates to design a mountainous micro-cultivator which combines technical of hydraulic, agricultural machinery and digital design and manufacture, which aimed at accommodating the environment where the tobacco grows. Through conducting a tractive and adhesion performance test analysis the date quantificational, find out the optimal combination of the crawler structural parameter. The main research content of this paper lists as follows:
(1) The chassis of this micro-cultivator employed the chassis of the 1YG type orchard mini-tiller, at the same time combined it’s running system with Hydraulic balance adjust equipment.
(2) Working parts utilize a bidirectional balance shovel based on parallelogram mechanism to accommodate the working environment of mountain.
(3) Complete calculation, design and model selection of the hydraulic system of the micro-cultivator based on the theory of the hydraulic system.
(4) Molding parts and components of the whole micro-cultivator utilize Pro/E in order to provide a platform for the further analysis via Analysis software and improve of this machine.
(5) A prototype mountainous micro-cultivator was complicated based on the design and calculation.
(6) The test of tractive performance was conducted. At the same time an orthogonal experiment was designed and conducted in order to find out the effects caused by changing the crawler structural parameter which includes Track Shoe Width (b), Caterpillar Supporting Section Length (L_0) and Track Shoe Grouser (h) on the adhesion performance. Through analysis the date quantificational, find out the optimal combination. The result indicates that Track Shoe Grouser plays a crucial role in improving adhesion performance. Because of its exits the adhesion performance enhanced by 26.64%, the optimal combination in trial stretch is: b =125mm, L_0=1020mm, h=28mm.
The check index were listed as follows: ground clearance from 136 to 336mm, working width 30cm, designed tilling depth 25cm, maximum tractive force 3300N, Therefore theoretical basis is provided for caterpillar tread design of this kind of tractor.
本论文针对山地机械存在稳定性不足等问题,依托陕西省烟草局项目—“山地遥控微耕机的研究开发”,针对烟草种植地地势复杂、地形多变等特点,研发适于山地作业的山地微型耕地机,并完成若干部件的设计。在样机上进行牵引性能试验量化分析履带结构参数对该机附着性能的影响,得出试验范围内的最优组合,为进一步改该机提供指导。本论文的主要研究内容如下:
(1)针对山地作业环境的特点,在原1YG型果园清耕机的基础上,设计带有液压调平装置的履带式行走系。
(2)设计能够平衡偏牵引力的双向平衡铲。
(3)完成液压系统设计计算,以及液压元件的选型。
(4)对整机进行三维造型,为该机零部件的有限元分析和进一步改进提供一个平台。
(5)完成山地微耕机的样机试制。
(6)进行牵引附着性能试验,研究履带结构参数对该机附着性能的影响。通过设计正交试验,研究该山地微耕机的履带结构参数包括履带宽度,履带支承段长度和履刺对于整机牵引附着性能的影响,并获得试验范围内这三个参数的最优组合。试验结果表明履刺对于附着力的影响最大,履刺的存在能够提高附着力达26.64%;获得履带结构参数的最佳组合为:履带支承段长度1020mm,履带宽度为125mm,履刺高度为28mm。
该机的主要指标为:离地间隙在136-336mm之间可调,耕幅30cm,设计耕深25cm,最大牵引力3300N。
The research on the agricultural machines which applied in the areas of hillside has become one of the significant and difficult points in the field of the Chinese Agricultural Engineering. Confined by its complicated operation environment, the transportation and application of this kind of machine is an unsettled problem.
This paper commissioned by the Department of Tobacco in Shaanxi dedicates to design a mountainous micro-cultivator which combines technical of hydraulic, agricultural machinery and digital design and manufacture, which aimed at accommodating the environment where the tobacco grows. Through conducting a tractive and adhesion performance test analysis the date quantificational, find out the optimal combination of the crawler structural parameter. The main research content of this paper lists as follows:
(1) The chassis of this micro-cultivator employed the chassis of the 1YG type orchard mini-tiller, at the same time combined it’s running system with Hydraulic balance adjust equipment.
(2) Working parts utilize a bidirectional balance shovel based on parallelogram mechanism to accommodate the working environment of mountain.
(3) Complete calculation, design and model selection of the hydraulic system of the micro-cultivator based on the theory of the hydraulic system.
(4) Molding parts and components of the whole micro-cultivator utilize Pro/E in order to provide a platform for the further analysis via Analysis software and improve of this machine.
(5) A prototype mountainous micro-cultivator was complicated based on the design and calculation.
(6) The test of tractive performance was conducted. At the same time an orthogonal experiment was designed and conducted in order to find out the effects caused by changing the crawler structural parameter which includes Track Shoe Width (b), Caterpillar Supporting Section Length (L_0) and Track Shoe Grouser (h) on the adhesion performance. Through analysis the date quantificational, find out the optimal combination. The result indicates that Track Shoe Grouser plays a crucial role in improving adhesion performance. Because of its exits the adhesion performance enhanced by 26.64%, the optimal combination in trial stretch is: b =125mm, L_0=1020mm, h=28mm.
The check index were listed as follows: ground clearance from 136 to 336mm, working width 30cm, designed tilling depth 25cm, maximum tractive force 3300N, Therefore theoretical basis is provided for caterpillar tread design of this kind of tractor.
引文
北京市农机研究所.1999.神龙61A型山地拖拉机.河南农业.(6):34
北京农业工程大学.1991.农业机械学(第二版).北京:中国农业出版社:49～50
曹光民.2005.砾石作业面牵引机械履带履刺高度分析.工程机械.(7):31～33
陈宁.2003.履带软底通过性能指标的对比研究.矿山机械.14～15?
崔汉涛.2006.基于正交试验的机械部件加工研究.河北建筑科技学院学.23(4):68～69
陈泽宇.2010.接地长宽比的设计对于履带车辆行驶性能的影响.农机化研究.(5):112～113
杜白石.2009.三维机械设计基础教程.杨凌:西北农林科技大学
巩青松.2008.履带式工作车辆设计分析的关键技术研究.扬州:扬州大学.?
黑龙江农机鉴定站.2005.拖拉机牵引试验时对于负荷车的选择.农机使用与维修5:10～11
华中农业大学.1982.拖拉机汽车学:第四册.北京:农业出版社:124～133
金威.2009-5-27.多功能履带式拖拉机.中国实用新型专利,CN201245184Y?
姜福东.2009.我国丘陵烟区烟草农业发展机械化及其对策.畜牧与饲料科学.30(2):97～99
机械电子工业部洛阳拖拉机研究所.1992.拖拉机设计手册(下册).北京:机械工业出版社:201～260
姜继海. 2004.液压与气压传动.北京:高等教育出版社:131～169
贾尚默.2009.如何推进丘陵山区特色农机化.农业机械.(108):43
楼顺天.2006.MATLAB7.x程序设计语言.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社:197～200
伦冠德.2006.MATLAB拟合工具箱在实验数据拟合上的应用.拖拉机与农用运输车.33 (4):90～91
刘景鹏.2005.排土(岩)机履带行走装置主要参数选定.机械研究与应用.18(6):83～84
宿月文.2009.履带机械地面力学建模及牵引性能仿真与试验.西安交通大学学报.43(9):42～45.
王郡.2007-9-26.改进的拖拉机驱动轮差高装置.中国发明专利,CN101041326A
吴洪云.2010.履带板、齿间黏附底质对于集矿机附着性能的影响.农业工程报.26(10):140～145
王旭.2006.轮式和履带式拖拉机适应性对比分析.拖拉机与农用运输车.33(1):1～2.?
汪明德.1983.坦克行驶原理.北京国防工业出版社:103～107.
徐菊芳.2001.如何发展丘陵山区农业机械化.农机推广.(6):15
叶伟昌.2007.机械工程及自动化简明设计手册(上册).北京:机械工业出版社2007:112～163
袁祖强.2009.3t电液锤液压系统设计.液压与气动.(12):15～16
杨忠平.2003.试验优化设计.杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社:1～33
余晓倩.2007.对丘陵山区发展农机化的几点思考.农业科技.(9):73
闫国琦.2008.我国微耕机技术现状与发展趋势.安徽农业科学.36(25):11137～11139?
周夏南.2008.小型履带式拖拉机的发展方向.拖拉机与农用运输车.36(3):1～4.?
周恩涛.2007.液压系统设计元器件选型手册.北京:机械工业出版社:476～544
镇江农业机械学院.1982.拖拉机理论.北京:中国农业机械出版社:59～77
张毅.2003.1YG-4型多用微耕机的研制与试验.中国农机化. (4):41～42
张娟丽.2010.拖拉机行走机构的研究现状.农机化研究.(5):243～245
张娟丽.2004.7.50-16轮胎牵引附着性能的试验研究.拖拉机与农用运输车.(5):21～22
赵瑜2010.履带行走机构设计分析和研究.数字技术与机械加工工艺装备.(5):50～53
朱祖良.2009.烟草生产机械化的现状与发展建议.农业装备技术.35(3):4～6
周敏姑.2005.轮胎及叶轮牵引附着性能试验研究.[硕士学位论文].杨凌:西北农林科技大学
周恩涛.2007.液压系统设计元件选型手册.北京:机械工业出版社:375～589
中国农业大学.2005-02-16.山地拖拉机.中国发明专利,CN1579121A?
Grisso RD, Perumpral JV, Zoz FM. 2006. An empirical model for tractiveperformance of rubber-tracks in agricultural soils. J Terramech.43(2):225～36.
Grecenko A. 2007. Re-examined principles of thrust generation by a trackon soft ground. J Terramech.44(1):123～31.
Grisso RD, Perumpral JV, Zoz FM. 2007. Spreadsheet for matchingtractors and drawn implements. Appl Eng Agr.23(3):259～65.
Koger JL, Burt EC, Trouse AC. 1985. Multiple pass effects of skidder tireson soil compaction. Trans ASAE:11～6
Lyasko M. 2010. LSA model for sinkage predictions. J Terramech.47(1):1～1.
Lyasko MI.2010. Slip sinkage effect in soil–vehicle mechanics. J Terramech.47(1):21～31.
Modest I. Lyasko. 2010.How to calculate the effect of soil condition on tractive performance [J].J Terramechnics,47:423～445.
Priddy JD, Willoughby WE. 2006. Clarification of vehicle cone index with reference to mean maximum pressure. J Terramech.43(2):85～96.
Park WY, Chang YC, Lee SS, Hong JH, Park JG, Lee KS. 2008. Prediction of the tractive performance of a flexible tracked vehicle. J Terramech.45(1–2):13～23.
Wang X L,Ito N, Kito K.1998.Studies on optimum dimension of grouser to generate maximum traction[J]. J Terramechnics18:35～40.
W. Y. Park,Y. C. Chang,S.S. Lee.2008.Prediction of the tractive performance of a flexible tracked vehicle.J Terramechnics.45(1-2):13～23.
Wiley JC, Turner RJ. 2008. Power hop instability of tractors. ASABE distinguished lecture, series 32. St. Joseph (MI); 2008.
Wong JY, Huang W. Wheels vs.2006. tracks– a fundamental evaluation from the traction perspective. J Terramech 43(1):27～42.
北京农业工程大学.1991.农业机械学(第二版).北京:中国农业出版社:49～50
曹光民.2005.砾石作业面牵引机械履带履刺高度分析.工程机械.(7):31～33
陈宁.2003.履带软底通过性能指标的对比研究.矿山机械.14～15?
崔汉涛.2006.基于正交试验的机械部件加工研究.河北建筑科技学院学.23(4):68～69
陈泽宇.2010.接地长宽比的设计对于履带车辆行驶性能的影响.农机化研究.(5):112～113
杜白石.2009.三维机械设计基础教程.杨凌:西北农林科技大学
巩青松.2008.履带式工作车辆设计分析的关键技术研究.扬州:扬州大学.?
黑龙江农机鉴定站.2005.拖拉机牵引试验时对于负荷车的选择.农机使用与维修5:10～11
华中农业大学.1982.拖拉机汽车学:第四册.北京:农业出版社:124～133
金威.2009-5-27.多功能履带式拖拉机.中国实用新型专利,CN201245184Y?
姜福东.2009.我国丘陵烟区烟草农业发展机械化及其对策.畜牧与饲料科学.30(2):97～99
机械电子工业部洛阳拖拉机研究所.1992.拖拉机设计手册(下册).北京:机械工业出版社:201～260
姜继海. 2004.液压与气压传动.北京:高等教育出版社:131～169
贾尚默.2009.如何推进丘陵山区特色农机化.农业机械.(108):43
楼顺天.2006.MATLAB7.x程序设计语言.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社:197～200
伦冠德.2006.MATLAB拟合工具箱在实验数据拟合上的应用.拖拉机与农用运输车.33 (4):90～91
刘景鹏.2005.排土(岩)机履带行走装置主要参数选定.机械研究与应用.18(6):83～84
宿月文.2009.履带机械地面力学建模及牵引性能仿真与试验.西安交通大学学报.43(9):42～45.
王郡.2007-9-26.改进的拖拉机驱动轮差高装置.中国发明专利,CN101041326A
吴洪云.2010.履带板、齿间黏附底质对于集矿机附着性能的影响.农业工程报.26(10):140～145
王旭.2006.轮式和履带式拖拉机适应性对比分析.拖拉机与农用运输车.33(1):1～2.?
汪明德.1983.坦克行驶原理.北京国防工业出版社:103～107.
徐菊芳.2001.如何发展丘陵山区农业机械化.农机推广.(6):15
叶伟昌.2007.机械工程及自动化简明设计手册(上册).北京:机械工业出版社2007:112～163
袁祖强.2009.3t电液锤液压系统设计.液压与气动.(12):15～16
杨忠平.2003.试验优化设计.杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社:1～33
余晓倩.2007.对丘陵山区发展农机化的几点思考.农业科技.(9):73
闫国琦.2008.我国微耕机技术现状与发展趋势.安徽农业科学.36(25):11137～11139?
周夏南.2008.小型履带式拖拉机的发展方向.拖拉机与农用运输车.36(3):1～4.?
周恩涛.2007.液压系统设计元器件选型手册.北京:机械工业出版社:476～544
镇江农业机械学院.1982.拖拉机理论.北京:中国农业机械出版社:59～77
张毅.2003.1YG-4型多用微耕机的研制与试验.中国农机化. (4):41～42
张娟丽.2010.拖拉机行走机构的研究现状.农机化研究.(5):243～245
张娟丽.2004.7.50-16轮胎牵引附着性能的试验研究.拖拉机与农用运输车.(5):21～22
赵瑜2010.履带行走机构设计分析和研究.数字技术与机械加工工艺装备.(5):50～53
朱祖良.2009.烟草生产机械化的现状与发展建议.农业装备技术.35(3):4～6
周敏姑.2005.轮胎及叶轮牵引附着性能试验研究.[硕士学位论文].杨凌:西北农林科技大学
周恩涛.2007.液压系统设计元件选型手册.北京:机械工业出版社:375～589
中国农业大学.2005-02-16.山地拖拉机.中国发明专利,CN1579121A?
Grisso RD, Perumpral JV, Zoz FM. 2006. An empirical model for tractiveperformance of rubber-tracks in agricultural soils. J Terramech.43(2):225～36.
Grecenko A. 2007. Re-examined principles of thrust generation by a trackon soft ground. J Terramech.44(1):123～31.
Grisso RD, Perumpral JV, Zoz FM. 2007. Spreadsheet for matchingtractors and drawn implements. Appl Eng Agr.23(3):259～65.
Koger JL, Burt EC, Trouse AC. 1985. Multiple pass effects of skidder tireson soil compaction. Trans ASAE:11～6
Lyasko M. 2010. LSA model for sinkage predictions. J Terramech.47(1):1～1.
Lyasko MI.2010. Slip sinkage effect in soil–vehicle mechanics. J Terramech.47(1):21～31.
Modest I. Lyasko. 2010.How to calculate the effect of soil condition on tractive performance [J].J Terramechnics,47:423～445.
Priddy JD, Willoughby WE. 2006. Clarification of vehicle cone index with reference to mean maximum pressure. J Terramech.43(2):85～96.
Park WY, Chang YC, Lee SS, Hong JH, Park JG, Lee KS. 2008. Prediction of the tractive performance of a flexible tracked vehicle. J Terramech.45(1–2):13～23.
Wang X L,Ito N, Kito K.1998.Studies on optimum dimension of grouser to generate maximum traction[J]. J Terramechnics18:35～40.
W. Y. Park,Y. C. Chang,S.S. Lee.2008.Prediction of the tractive performance of a flexible tracked vehicle.J Terramechnics.45(1-2):13～23.
Wiley JC, Turner RJ. 2008. Power hop instability of tractors. ASABE distinguished lecture, series 32. St. Joseph (MI); 2008.
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