中承式钢箱拱肋系杆拱桥静力性能研究
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摘要
中承式钢箱拱肋系杆拱桥空间效应明显,受力复杂,如何分析这类桥梁,其结构受力特点如何、受力是否合理等,都是桥梁设计者所关心的问题。本文以正在施工的主跨450m的明州大桥为背景工程,对中承式钢箱拱肋系杆拱桥的静力性能进行了较为全面的研究。
总结了钢结构拱桥的发展历史、受力特点、国内外对于此类桥型静力性能的研究现状以及存在的问题。
介绍了桥梁静力计算中空间分析的梁格法基本理论,通过算例说明梁格法建模的精度满足工程需求。以此为基础,利用MIDAS/Civil对背景工程进行力学建模。
通过对明州大桥施工阶段、成桥状态恒载及汽车荷载作用下的静力性能分析,认为主拱肋合拢之前进行内力调整,在拱脚处预留一部分拉应力对于大跨径拱桥很有必要；在软土地基上修建系杆拱桥,施工过程中水平拉索要进行分批张拉,以控制墩底水平反力；汽车荷载作用下,端部吊杆内力增加幅度比中间吊杆大。讨论了吊杆损伤及个别吊杆破断情况对结构的影响,认为吊杆损伤及破断会引起吊杆内力重新分布,两根边吊杆同时破断后有可能引起连锁破断。
根据英国桥规(BS-5400)的规定,考虑了整体升降温和梯度温度,对明州大桥合拢阶段及成桥状态的温度效应进行研究。认为主拱合拢之前日照温差对于拱肋位移的影响很大,成桥后温度对于拱肋挠度的影响超过了汽车荷载作用；水平拉索在温度作用下卸载10%。
根据《公路桥梁抗风设计规范》的规定及同济大学对明州大桥进行的风洞试验得出的三分力系数,对明州大桥最大悬臂状态及成桥阶段的静阵风荷载效应进行分析,认为静阵风作用下,明州大桥有足够的安全系数。临时拉索最小安全系数为2.11。
Half-through tied arch bridge with steel box arch-ribs has obvious spatial effects, and complex mechanical behavior. The bridge analysis was concerned by designers, as well as the structural behavior, and the force rationality, etc. On the basis of the MingZhou Bridge which main span is 450m and under construction, the static performance of half-through tied-arch bridges with steel box arch ribs was studied.
The author summarized the development of steel arch bridge, and the mechanical properties. Besides, the present researches and the existing problem of static analysis were also presented in this dissertation.
The theory of grillage model was adopted in the special analysis in static calculation. The example showed that the precision of the grillage model meeted the requirement in projects. Based on these approaches, Mingzhou Bridge was modeling with MIDAS/Civil.
Through the static analysis of the dead load of Mingzhou bridge in construction stage and completion stage, as well as truck loading. The results showed that it is necessary for large span arch bridge to reserve a part of the tensile stress at arch foot when adjusting internal force before the closure of main arch. To construct tied arch bridge on the soft soil foundation, the jumper stays should be tensiled in batches to ensure the horizontal reaction under control at the bottom of frusta. Under the live load, the changing range of internal force in middle suspender is bigger than it in the ends suspenders. Through discussing the effect of suspender damage and the suspender breaking, the author believed that the internal force in suspender might be redistributed when the suspender damage happened and suspender broke, meanwhile, the two suspenders near the broke one would interlockingly damage and break.
According to the British Bridge rules (BS-5400), as well as taking account of temperature rise and temperature gradient, the temperature effect at the closure stage and completion stage of Mingzhou bridge was analyzed. It showed sunlight thermal great influenced the arch deformation before the main arch closure; the temperature effect on deformation at completion stage surpassed that from live load. Jumper stays behaviors as unloading 10% under temperature load.
According the wind-resistant design specification for highway bridges, and the wind tunnel tests, the static gust loading effect at the cantilever construction stage and completion stage was analyzed. The resultes showed that Mingzhou bridge is possessed of sufficient safety factor under static gust. The safety factor of stay cable is 2.11.
总结了钢结构拱桥的发展历史、受力特点、国内外对于此类桥型静力性能的研究现状以及存在的问题。
介绍了桥梁静力计算中空间分析的梁格法基本理论,通过算例说明梁格法建模的精度满足工程需求。以此为基础,利用MIDAS/Civil对背景工程进行力学建模。
通过对明州大桥施工阶段、成桥状态恒载及汽车荷载作用下的静力性能分析,认为主拱肋合拢之前进行内力调整,在拱脚处预留一部分拉应力对于大跨径拱桥很有必要；在软土地基上修建系杆拱桥,施工过程中水平拉索要进行分批张拉,以控制墩底水平反力；汽车荷载作用下,端部吊杆内力增加幅度比中间吊杆大。讨论了吊杆损伤及个别吊杆破断情况对结构的影响,认为吊杆损伤及破断会引起吊杆内力重新分布,两根边吊杆同时破断后有可能引起连锁破断。
根据英国桥规(BS-5400)的规定,考虑了整体升降温和梯度温度,对明州大桥合拢阶段及成桥状态的温度效应进行研究。认为主拱合拢之前日照温差对于拱肋位移的影响很大,成桥后温度对于拱肋挠度的影响超过了汽车荷载作用；水平拉索在温度作用下卸载10%。
根据《公路桥梁抗风设计规范》的规定及同济大学对明州大桥进行的风洞试验得出的三分力系数,对明州大桥最大悬臂状态及成桥阶段的静阵风荷载效应进行分析,认为静阵风作用下,明州大桥有足够的安全系数。临时拉索最小安全系数为2.11。
Half-through tied arch bridge with steel box arch-ribs has obvious spatial effects, and complex mechanical behavior. The bridge analysis was concerned by designers, as well as the structural behavior, and the force rationality, etc. On the basis of the MingZhou Bridge which main span is 450m and under construction, the static performance of half-through tied-arch bridges with steel box arch ribs was studied.
The author summarized the development of steel arch bridge, and the mechanical properties. Besides, the present researches and the existing problem of static analysis were also presented in this dissertation.
The theory of grillage model was adopted in the special analysis in static calculation. The example showed that the precision of the grillage model meeted the requirement in projects. Based on these approaches, Mingzhou Bridge was modeling with MIDAS/Civil.
Through the static analysis of the dead load of Mingzhou bridge in construction stage and completion stage, as well as truck loading. The results showed that it is necessary for large span arch bridge to reserve a part of the tensile stress at arch foot when adjusting internal force before the closure of main arch. To construct tied arch bridge on the soft soil foundation, the jumper stays should be tensiled in batches to ensure the horizontal reaction under control at the bottom of frusta. Under the live load, the changing range of internal force in middle suspender is bigger than it in the ends suspenders. Through discussing the effect of suspender damage and the suspender breaking, the author believed that the internal force in suspender might be redistributed when the suspender damage happened and suspender broke, meanwhile, the two suspenders near the broke one would interlockingly damage and break.
According to the British Bridge rules (BS-5400), as well as taking account of temperature rise and temperature gradient, the temperature effect at the closure stage and completion stage of Mingzhou bridge was analyzed. It showed sunlight thermal great influenced the arch deformation before the main arch closure; the temperature effect on deformation at completion stage surpassed that from live load. Jumper stays behaviors as unloading 10% under temperature load.
According the wind-resistant design specification for highway bridges, and the wind tunnel tests, the static gust loading effect at the cantilever construction stage and completion stage was analyzed. The resultes showed that Mingzhou bridge is possessed of sufficient safety factor under static gust. The safety factor of stay cable is 2.11.
引文
[1]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥发展综述[J].东北公路,2002
[2]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥设计与施工[M].人民交通出版社,1999
[3]盛洪飞,郭伟,王锐等.无风撑钢管混凝土中承拱桥非线性试验分析[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1997
[4]刘忠,顾安邦,周水兴.万县长江大桥非线性综合分析[J].重庆交通学院学报,1996
[5]张克波,羊日华.茅草街大桥主拱合龙后的受力性能与施工工艺试验研究[J].桥梁建设,2008
[6]羊日华.茅草街大桥模型试验与受力性能分析[D].长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2005
[7]孙潮,陈宝春.深圳北站大桥静力计算分析[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),1999
[8]徐升桥.丫髻沙大桥的非线性分析[J].铁道标准设计,1999.8
[9]颜全胜,骆宁安,韩大建等.大跨度拱桥的非线性与稳定性分析[J].华南理工大学学报,2000.6
[10]佘川,范文理.132m钢管混凝土系杆拱桥静动载试验[J].四川建筑,1998
[11]赵世春,谢冀萍等.万县长江大桥钢筋混凝土拱桥模型试验研究[J].西南交通大学学报,1994
[12]李万恒,张劲泉,何玉珊.丫髻沙大桥荷载试验与评价[J].铁道标准设计,2001
[13]钟轶峰.中(下)承式系杆拱桥有限元分析与施工监控[D]重庆大学博士论文,2006
[14]藤军,涂俊,陈宜言等.吊杆布置对拱桥破损安全性能的影响[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2008.12
[15]刘兴法.混凝土结构的温度应力分析[M].人民交通出版社,1991.
[16]Priestley M J N.Long Term Observation of Concrete Structure:Analysis of Temperature[J] Gradient Effects.Master Structure,1985
[17]凯尔别克.太阳辐射对桥梁结构的影响[M]刘兴法等译,北京：中国铁道出版社,1981
[18]Priestley M J N.Design of Concrete Bridge for Temperature[J] Gradients.ACI Journal,1978
[19]郝超.大跨度钢斜拉桥施工阶段非线性温度影响研究[J]公路交通科技,2003
[20]陈家齐,颜全胜.湛江海湾大桥施工中钢箱梁温度分布观测与分析[J].第十三届全国工程建设计算机应用学术会议论文集,2006
[21]赖富才.钢管砼拱桥施工及成桥阶段拱肋静力分析[J].公路与汽运,2009
[22]刘煜.卢浦大桥的静力与稳定分析[D].同济大学硕士论文,2006
[23]项海帆进入21世纪的桥梁风工程研究[C]第十届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集.人民交通出版社.2001.
[24]张新军桥梁风工程研究的现状及展望[J].公路.2005,9
[25]钟善桐.钢管混凝上拱桥设计中的几个问题[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2000
[26]江同心华有恒.关于钢管混凝土拱桥若干问题的探讨[J].桥梁建设,2001
[27]宋勤.重庆市綦江县虹桥特大垮塌事故的原因和教训[J].施工技术,1999
[28]魏建东.宜宾小南门大桥的抢修加固与恢复工程[J].公路,2000
[29]殷学纲,姚建军.中承式拱桥的吊索损伤对吊索系张力的影响[J].中国公路学报,2004
[30]赵洋.系杆拱桥吊杆更换研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文,2006
[31]预应力混凝土三跨连续空心板弯桥的研究[J].国外公路,1986
[32]预应力梁整体式桥[J].国外公路,1992
[33]钢结构设计规范[S].GB50017-2003
[34]公路桥涵设计通用规范[S].JTGD60-2004
[35]Hambly Bridge Deck Behaviour [M].1976
[36]戴公连,李建德桥梁结构空间分析设计方法与应用[M].人民交通出版社,2001
[37]范洪军.曲线预应力混凝土箱梁桥收缩徐变效应研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2008
[38]刘世忠,欧阳永金,沈波.钢管系杆拱桥的整体稳定性及自振特性分析[J].甘肃科学学报,1996
[39]顾安邦,徐君兰.中、下承式拱桥短吊杆结构行为分析[J].重庆交通学院学报,2002
[40]叶见曙,贾琳,钱培舒.混凝土箱梁温度分布观测与研究[J]东南大学学报(自然科学版),2002
[41]Cable Stayed Bridge [M].1990
[42]Concrete Slab [M].1982
[43]范立础.桥梁工程(上)[M].人民交通出版社,2001
[44]张涟英.东平大桥静力与动力特性分析研究[D].长沙理工大学硕士论文,2006
[45]杨宁.无铺装层钢箱梁日照温度场及其效应研究[D].长沙理工大学硕士论文,2009
[46]公路桥梁抗风设计规范[S].JTG/TD601-01-2007
[47]陈政清,项海帆桥梁风工程[J].人民交通出版社,2005
[48]焦鹏程,五连跨无风撑钢管混凝土斜靠拱桥抗风性能研究[D].石家庄铁道学院,2007
[49]程进,肖汝诚静风荷载下大跨度刚拱桥施工稳定性分析[J].同济大学学报,2004
[50]宁波明州大桥抗风性能试验研究总报告[R].同济大学桥梁设计方法与过程研究室,2010
[2]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥设计与施工[M].人民交通出版社,1999
[3]盛洪飞,郭伟,王锐等.无风撑钢管混凝土中承拱桥非线性试验分析[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1997
[4]刘忠,顾安邦,周水兴.万县长江大桥非线性综合分析[J].重庆交通学院学报,1996
[5]张克波,羊日华.茅草街大桥主拱合龙后的受力性能与施工工艺试验研究[J].桥梁建设,2008
[6]羊日华.茅草街大桥模型试验与受力性能分析[D].长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2005
[7]孙潮,陈宝春.深圳北站大桥静力计算分析[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),1999
[8]徐升桥.丫髻沙大桥的非线性分析[J].铁道标准设计,1999.8
[9]颜全胜,骆宁安,韩大建等.大跨度拱桥的非线性与稳定性分析[J].华南理工大学学报,2000.6
[10]佘川,范文理.132m钢管混凝土系杆拱桥静动载试验[J].四川建筑,1998
[11]赵世春,谢冀萍等.万县长江大桥钢筋混凝土拱桥模型试验研究[J].西南交通大学学报,1994
[12]李万恒,张劲泉,何玉珊.丫髻沙大桥荷载试验与评价[J].铁道标准设计,2001
[13]钟轶峰.中(下)承式系杆拱桥有限元分析与施工监控[D]重庆大学博士论文,2006
[14]藤军,涂俊,陈宜言等.吊杆布置对拱桥破损安全性能的影响[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2008.12
[15]刘兴法.混凝土结构的温度应力分析[M].人民交通出版社,1991.
[16]Priestley M J N.Long Term Observation of Concrete Structure:Analysis of Temperature[J] Gradient Effects.Master Structure,1985
[17]凯尔别克.太阳辐射对桥梁结构的影响[M]刘兴法等译,北京：中国铁道出版社,1981
[18]Priestley M J N.Design of Concrete Bridge for Temperature[J] Gradients.ACI Journal,1978
[19]郝超.大跨度钢斜拉桥施工阶段非线性温度影响研究[J]公路交通科技,2003
[20]陈家齐,颜全胜.湛江海湾大桥施工中钢箱梁温度分布观测与分析[J].第十三届全国工程建设计算机应用学术会议论文集,2006
[21]赖富才.钢管砼拱桥施工及成桥阶段拱肋静力分析[J].公路与汽运,2009
[22]刘煜.卢浦大桥的静力与稳定分析[D].同济大学硕士论文,2006
[23]项海帆进入21世纪的桥梁风工程研究[C]第十届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集.人民交通出版社.2001.
[24]张新军桥梁风工程研究的现状及展望[J].公路.2005,9
[25]钟善桐.钢管混凝上拱桥设计中的几个问题[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2000
[26]江同心华有恒.关于钢管混凝土拱桥若干问题的探讨[J].桥梁建设,2001
[27]宋勤.重庆市綦江县虹桥特大垮塌事故的原因和教训[J].施工技术,1999
[28]魏建东.宜宾小南门大桥的抢修加固与恢复工程[J].公路,2000
[29]殷学纲,姚建军.中承式拱桥的吊索损伤对吊索系张力的影响[J].中国公路学报,2004
[30]赵洋.系杆拱桥吊杆更换研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文,2006
[31]预应力混凝土三跨连续空心板弯桥的研究[J].国外公路,1986
[32]预应力梁整体式桥[J].国外公路,1992
[33]钢结构设计规范[S].GB50017-2003
[34]公路桥涵设计通用规范[S].JTGD60-2004
[35]Hambly Bridge Deck Behaviour [M].1976
[36]戴公连,李建德桥梁结构空间分析设计方法与应用[M].人民交通出版社,2001
[37]范洪军.曲线预应力混凝土箱梁桥收缩徐变效应研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2008
[38]刘世忠,欧阳永金,沈波.钢管系杆拱桥的整体稳定性及自振特性分析[J].甘肃科学学报,1996
[39]顾安邦,徐君兰.中、下承式拱桥短吊杆结构行为分析[J].重庆交通学院学报,2002
[40]叶见曙,贾琳,钱培舒.混凝土箱梁温度分布观测与研究[J]东南大学学报(自然科学版),2002
[41]Cable Stayed Bridge [M].1990
[42]Concrete Slab [M].1982
[43]范立础.桥梁工程(上)[M].人民交通出版社,2001
[44]张涟英.东平大桥静力与动力特性分析研究[D].长沙理工大学硕士论文,2006
[45]杨宁.无铺装层钢箱梁日照温度场及其效应研究[D].长沙理工大学硕士论文,2009
[46]公路桥梁抗风设计规范[S].JTG/TD601-01-2007
[47]陈政清,项海帆桥梁风工程[J].人民交通出版社,2005
[48]焦鹏程,五连跨无风撑钢管混凝土斜靠拱桥抗风性能研究[D].石家庄铁道学院,2007
[49]程进,肖汝诚静风荷载下大跨度刚拱桥施工稳定性分析[J].同济大学学报,2004
[50]宁波明州大桥抗风性能试验研究总报告[R].同济大学桥梁设计方法与过程研究室,2010