汽车行驶监控系统的研究
摘要
汽车行驶监控装置(汽车行驶记录仪)，是将飞机黑匣子的设计思想应用于汽车。它能够实时记录车辆的运行信息，通过专用软件对这些运行信息进行数据分析，再现车辆运行状态，为交通事故的分析处理提供科学、权威的依据。另外，车辆行驶纪录仪还可以加入全球卫星定位系统(GPS)平台，对车辆运行状况进行记录、监控。
本文详细论述了汽车行驶记录仪主机模块软硬件的设计与实现。论文首先介绍了课题的研究背景，并对国内外汽车行驶记录仪的研究现状进行了概括，在此基础上提出了本课题需要完成的目标。接下来，论文阐述了系统总体设计的构思以及各个功能模块不同方案优劣的比较，并确定了设计的最终方案，接着介绍了各主要部件的功能特点及应用。在软件设计部分，论述了μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统在微处理器ATMEGA128的移植过程和方法。根据记录仪各个模块的功能，详细描述了记录仪系统各个任务的设计流程。在整个系统的设计中，软硬件系统设计均采用了抗干扰措施，提高了系统的可靠性、稳定性和抗干扰能力。
最后，论文介绍了测试过程中碰到的一些问题。对整个系统的功能和特点进行了总结，并对下一步工作以及记录仪今后的发展进行了展望。
The vehicle traveling monitoring system (vehicle data traveling recorder(VDTR)) applies the conception of flight recorder to vehicle. It can records vehicles' real-time traveling information. According to the special software which can analyzes data on the VDTR, the traveling state of vehicle is simulated, thus providing scientific and authentic basis for the analysis and dealing with traffic accidents. Moreover, the VDTR can integrates with the Global Positioning System (GPS) to record and monitor the vehicle traveling condition.
This thesis mainly describes the design and realization of hardware and software of VTDR mainframe. The development background of VTDR is introduced in the first chapter. Then domestic and oversea development status quo of VTDR is summarized, according to which the aim of VTDR development is set forth. In the following part, after compared different plans of each function module, the thesis design the system final scheme. In the part of software design, the thesis probes into the transplant process and method ofμC/OS-II operating system on the ATMEGA128 CPU. As per the function of recorder's each module, a detailed description on the design process of each task of the recorder system is given. In the whole system design, several measures of anti-jamming are adopted in the system design of hardware and software, which enhances the reliability, stability and anti-jamming capability of the system.
In the last chapter, some problems found during the debugging step are described and analyzed in details. The thesis gives a summarization on the functions and characteristics of the whole system as well as a prospect for the future work and development of the recorder.
本文详细论述了汽车行驶记录仪主机模块软硬件的设计与实现。论文首先介绍了课题的研究背景，并对国内外汽车行驶记录仪的研究现状进行了概括，在此基础上提出了本课题需要完成的目标。接下来，论文阐述了系统总体设计的构思以及各个功能模块不同方案优劣的比较，并确定了设计的最终方案，接着介绍了各主要部件的功能特点及应用。在软件设计部分，论述了μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统在微处理器ATMEGA128的移植过程和方法。根据记录仪各个模块的功能，详细描述了记录仪系统各个任务的设计流程。在整个系统的设计中，软硬件系统设计均采用了抗干扰措施，提高了系统的可靠性、稳定性和抗干扰能力。
最后，论文介绍了测试过程中碰到的一些问题。对整个系统的功能和特点进行了总结，并对下一步工作以及记录仪今后的发展进行了展望。
The vehicle traveling monitoring system (vehicle data traveling recorder(VDTR)) applies the conception of flight recorder to vehicle. It can records vehicles' real-time traveling information. According to the special software which can analyzes data on the VDTR, the traveling state of vehicle is simulated, thus providing scientific and authentic basis for the analysis and dealing with traffic accidents. Moreover, the VDTR can integrates with the Global Positioning System (GPS) to record and monitor the vehicle traveling condition.
This thesis mainly describes the design and realization of hardware and software of VTDR mainframe. The development background of VTDR is introduced in the first chapter. Then domestic and oversea development status quo of VTDR is summarized, according to which the aim of VTDR development is set forth. In the following part, after compared different plans of each function module, the thesis design the system final scheme. In the part of software design, the thesis probes into the transplant process and method ofμC/OS-II operating system on the ATMEGA128 CPU. As per the function of recorder's each module, a detailed description on the design process of each task of the recorder system is given. In the whole system design, several measures of anti-jamming are adopted in the system design of hardware and software, which enhances the reliability, stability and anti-jamming capability of the system.
In the last chapter, some problems found during the debugging step are described and analyzed in details. The thesis gives a summarization on the functions and characteristics of the whole system as well as a prospect for the future work and development of the recorder.
引文
[1] 国家质量技术监督局．GB／T19056-2003．汽车行驶记录仪国家标准．北京：中国标准出版社，2003-4
[2] Amy Schatz. A black box for your car; safety board says all new vehicles should have devices that record what went wrong in a crash, wall Street Journal (Eastern edition), Aug 2004
[3] Needham, P. L. Collision prevention: the role of an accident data recorder (ADR), Advanced Driver asistance Systems, 2001. ADAS. International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No. 483), 17～18 Sept. 2001
[4] Wouters, Peter LJ. Bos, John M. J. Traffic accident reduction by monitoring driver behaviour with in-car data recorders, Accident Analysis Prevention Volume: 32, Issue: 5, Sept.2000
[5] 彭炳泉．我国汽车行驶记录仪的推广为民族汽车电子产业打开突破口．中国电子警察专题研讨会暨汽车行驶记录仪市场发展研讨会论文集，2004．7
[6] 王潇，王宪，张轶．基于嵌入式的新一代汽车行驶记录仪．江南大学学报(自然科学版)2003，4：356～359
[7] 李江，罗繁，张保平．一种汽车行驶状态记录仪的研制．微处理机，2005．(2)：56～58
[8] 高玉民．国内外汽车黑匣子的现状与发展动态．汽车电气，2004，4：60～61．
[9] Philips Semiconductors. PDIUSBDI2 USB interface device with parallel bus DATA SHEET Rev. 0820 December 2001.
[10] Ramtron International Corporation. 256Kb Bytewide FRAM Memory FM1808 datasheet Rev.2.0, Jan. 2002
[11] Tim Sramcik. NHTSA proposes standard for event data recorders, Automotive Body Repair News, Aug 2004
[12] Wang, Aihua. Study and design on USB wireless laser communication system, Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, v5284, APOC 2003: Asia-Pacific Optical and Wireless Communications: Wireless Communications and Networks, 2004, p 105～110
[13] 王珊，陈红．数据库系统原理教程．北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[14] 钱天爵，瞿学林．GPS全球定位系统及其应用。北京：电子出版社，1994
[15] 何大为．行车记录仪VS卫星定位GPS．汽车与安全，2002，(7)： 24～26
[16] 陈亚东，张金换，黄世霖．汽车碰撞试验用车载数据采集系统的研制．公路交通科技，2003，(2)
[17] 董辉．汽车电子技术与传感器．第一版．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1996
[18] 南京沁恒电子有限公司．USB总线接口芯片CH375中文手册(版本1B)
[19] 肖踞雄，翁铁成，宋中庆编著．USB技术及应用设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[20] Lee, Joong Jae; Kim, Jong Hae. LQ control for rotary pendulum system using AVR microprocessor with graphic LCD, Proceedings of the SICE Annual Conference, SICE 2005 Annual Conference in Okayama-Proceedings, 2005, p714～718
[21] Savtizky, Stephen R. Real-Time Microprocessor System, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, March 1996
[22] 薛钧义等．单片微型计算机及其应用．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1995．
[23] 沈文，Eagle Lee，詹卫前编著．AVR单片机C语言开发入门指导。北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[24] 丁化成，耿德根，李君凯编著．AVR单片机应用设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[25] 李敏．并行接口铁电存储器FMl808及其应用．国外电子元器件，，2004．03：36～39
[26] 余永权．ATMEL89系列(MCS-51兼容)FLASH单片机原理及应用．北京：北京电子工业出版社，1997
[27] 李力．闪速存储器技术现状及发展趋势．单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2001(8)：34～37
[28] 刘德赞，孙书鹰，李瑞．非易失性铁电存储器芯片FM1808原理及其应用．微计算机信息，2005．01：143～144
[29] 周拓宇．非易失性高速存储器FM1808的应用技术．淮南工业学院学报(自然科学版)，2002．01：25～28
[30] 孙树印．铁电存储器原理及应用比较．单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2004．09：15～18
[31] 王明顺，吴省．可涓流充电的串行实时时钟芯片DS1302及其应用设计电子技术应用，1996；(10)：49～51．
[32] 汤亦工．非接触IC卡的应用．电脑与信息技术，2000，(3)：45～46
[33] 孙巍，娄娜．浅谈汽车行驶记录仪的驾驶员身份识别功能，中国电子警察 专题研讨会暨汽车行驶记录仪市场发展研讨会论文集，2004．7
[34] Parker W H.How to specify an EMI Filter, Record of the 1976 Int'l Symposium on EMC, Washington D.C., 1976
[35] Norman J.L. Violette, Electromagnetic Compatibility Handbook, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1985。
[36] Donald R. J. White, A Handbook on Electromagnetic Shielding Materials and Pertortnance, Don Whilte Consutants, Inc., 1975。
[37] Jean J．Labrosse，邵贝贝译．μC／OS-Ⅱ源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统．北京：中国电力出版社，2001。
[38] 邵贝贝．单片机嵌入式应用的在线开发方法．北京：清华大学出版社，2004
[39] 李江，常葆林．嵌入式操作系统设计中的若干问题，计算机工程，2000，(6)：8～89
[40] 唐寅．实时操作系统应用开发指南，北京：中国电力出版社，2002．7
[41] 王田苗．嵌入式系统设计与实例开发，北京：清华大学出版社，2002．9
[42] Jalbert, J.; S.Bubble memory recorder for eave-east vehicle OCEANS, Volume: 15, Aug 1983
[43] Ganssel,ack G.The Art of Programming Embeded System, San Diego, Academic press,July 1997
[44] 张元良，李闯．行车记录仪中数据存储保护的实现．微电子学与计算机，2004，(3)：85～87
[45] 吴磊．USB原理及接口设计．信息技术，2001，(5)：9～10
[46] USB Mass Storage Class-Bulk Only Transport.
[47] USB Implementers Forum. Universal Serial Bus specification Revision 1.1
[48] Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class Bulk-Only Transport.USB Device Class Definition for Mass Storage Devices Copyright, 1998～1999,5-20
[2] Amy Schatz. A black box for your car; safety board says all new vehicles should have devices that record what went wrong in a crash, wall Street Journal (Eastern edition), Aug 2004
[3] Needham, P. L. Collision prevention: the role of an accident data recorder (ADR), Advanced Driver asistance Systems, 2001. ADAS. International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No. 483), 17～18 Sept. 2001
[4] Wouters, Peter LJ. Bos, John M. J. Traffic accident reduction by monitoring driver behaviour with in-car data recorders, Accident Analysis Prevention Volume: 32, Issue: 5, Sept.2000
[5] 彭炳泉．我国汽车行驶记录仪的推广为民族汽车电子产业打开突破口．中国电子警察专题研讨会暨汽车行驶记录仪市场发展研讨会论文集，2004．7
[6] 王潇，王宪，张轶．基于嵌入式的新一代汽车行驶记录仪．江南大学学报(自然科学版)2003，4：356～359
[7] 李江，罗繁，张保平．一种汽车行驶状态记录仪的研制．微处理机，2005．(2)：56～58
[8] 高玉民．国内外汽车黑匣子的现状与发展动态．汽车电气，2004，4：60～61．
[9] Philips Semiconductors. PDIUSBDI2 USB interface device with parallel bus DATA SHEET Rev. 0820 December 2001.
[10] Ramtron International Corporation. 256Kb Bytewide FRAM Memory FM1808 datasheet Rev.2.0, Jan. 2002
[11] Tim Sramcik. NHTSA proposes standard for event data recorders, Automotive Body Repair News, Aug 2004
[12] Wang, Aihua. Study and design on USB wireless laser communication system, Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, v5284, APOC 2003: Asia-Pacific Optical and Wireless Communications: Wireless Communications and Networks, 2004, p 105～110
[13] 王珊，陈红．数据库系统原理教程．北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[14] 钱天爵，瞿学林．GPS全球定位系统及其应用。北京：电子出版社，1994
[15] 何大为．行车记录仪VS卫星定位GPS．汽车与安全，2002，(7)： 24～26
[16] 陈亚东，张金换，黄世霖．汽车碰撞试验用车载数据采集系统的研制．公路交通科技，2003，(2)
[17] 董辉．汽车电子技术与传感器．第一版．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1996
[18] 南京沁恒电子有限公司．USB总线接口芯片CH375中文手册(版本1B)
[19] 肖踞雄，翁铁成，宋中庆编著．USB技术及应用设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[20] Lee, Joong Jae; Kim, Jong Hae. LQ control for rotary pendulum system using AVR microprocessor with graphic LCD, Proceedings of the SICE Annual Conference, SICE 2005 Annual Conference in Okayama-Proceedings, 2005, p714～718
[21] Savtizky, Stephen R. Real-Time Microprocessor System, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, March 1996
[22] 薛钧义等．单片微型计算机及其应用．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1995．
[23] 沈文，Eagle Lee，詹卫前编著．AVR单片机C语言开发入门指导。北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[24] 丁化成，耿德根，李君凯编著．AVR单片机应用设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[25] 李敏．并行接口铁电存储器FMl808及其应用．国外电子元器件，，2004．03：36～39
[26] 余永权．ATMEL89系列(MCS-51兼容)FLASH单片机原理及应用．北京：北京电子工业出版社，1997
[27] 李力．闪速存储器技术现状及发展趋势．单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2001(8)：34～37
[28] 刘德赞，孙书鹰，李瑞．非易失性铁电存储器芯片FM1808原理及其应用．微计算机信息，2005．01：143～144
[29] 周拓宇．非易失性高速存储器FM1808的应用技术．淮南工业学院学报(自然科学版)，2002．01：25～28
[30] 孙树印．铁电存储器原理及应用比较．单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2004．09：15～18
[31] 王明顺，吴省．可涓流充电的串行实时时钟芯片DS1302及其应用设计电子技术应用，1996；(10)：49～51．
[32] 汤亦工．非接触IC卡的应用．电脑与信息技术，2000，(3)：45～46
[33] 孙巍，娄娜．浅谈汽车行驶记录仪的驾驶员身份识别功能，中国电子警察 专题研讨会暨汽车行驶记录仪市场发展研讨会论文集，2004．7
[34] Parker W H.How to specify an EMI Filter, Record of the 1976 Int'l Symposium on EMC, Washington D.C., 1976
[35] Norman J.L. Violette, Electromagnetic Compatibility Handbook, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1985。
[36] Donald R. J. White, A Handbook on Electromagnetic Shielding Materials and Pertortnance, Don Whilte Consutants, Inc., 1975。
[37] Jean J．Labrosse，邵贝贝译．μC／OS-Ⅱ源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统．北京：中国电力出版社，2001。
[38] 邵贝贝．单片机嵌入式应用的在线开发方法．北京：清华大学出版社，2004
[39] 李江，常葆林．嵌入式操作系统设计中的若干问题，计算机工程，2000，(6)：8～89
[40] 唐寅．实时操作系统应用开发指南，北京：中国电力出版社，2002．7
[41] 王田苗．嵌入式系统设计与实例开发，北京：清华大学出版社，2002．9
[42] Jalbert, J.; S.Bubble memory recorder for eave-east vehicle OCEANS, Volume: 15, Aug 1983
[43] Ganssel,ack G.The Art of Programming Embeded System, San Diego, Academic press,July 1997
[44] 张元良，李闯．行车记录仪中数据存储保护的实现．微电子学与计算机，2004，(3)：85～87
[45] 吴磊．USB原理及接口设计．信息技术，2001，(5)：9～10
[46] USB Mass Storage Class-Bulk Only Transport.
[47] USB Implementers Forum. Universal Serial Bus specification Revision 1.1
[48] Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class Bulk-Only Transport.USB Device Class Definition for Mass Storage Devices Copyright, 1998～1999,5-20