面向更新的网络化空间标报模型研究
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摘要
变化发现是地理信息更新的重要环节之一,以纸质地图、汇总表为依托的地理空间信息标报是目前空间变化发现的一种重要手段,但其采用手工标绘,存在效率低、上报汇总周期长、互动性差、无法调度各级专业人员以及广大公众参与等问题,难以满足信息化条件下地理信息动态更新对变化发现的高时效性要求。将网络化手段用于变化标报能有效克服传统标报方式的缺点,是信息化条件下地理信息变化快速发现的一条可行途径。为此本文研究了面向标报的变化轮廓线分类与重构方法、顾及标报信息有序传递的发布订/阅模型、用户参与的多级互动标报技术等。论文的主要研究内容和创新性成果如下：
(1)提出了一种变化轮廓线分类与目标重构方法。首先在目标快照差分类的基础上,将面目标差降维与线目标快照差一同进行细化,分析归纳出地形要素变化轮廓线类型；继而以目标标识动态性、拓扑关系、维数、形状、位置、方位等参数为基础,建立了六元组空间变化描述模型；最后,发展了基于变化轮廓线的目标重构算法,包括目标正负差计算、更新操作算子设计和更新融合规则归纳等。
(2)提出了一种顾及标报信息有序传递的时空发布/订阅模型。将空间变化和标报层级纳入发布内容中,提出了基于变化轮廓线及参数、标报层级的标报事件形式化描述及其构建方法；通过对订阅表达式中的属性变量、取值、操作符进行时空扩展,表达了空间变化的订阅条件；构建了顾及层级的事件代理网络,基于多维索引计数思想完成了发布信息与订阅条件的匹配,从而提出了一种顾及层级和时空特征的发布订阅模型。
(3)提出了一种基于空间型博客的多级互动标报模型。空间型博客模型的基本实体包括对象、用户、角色、用户组、空间型博客、检测器等,实体间的关系包括概括关系、组成关系、协作关系和拥有关系等；针对传统RBAC模型不能满足博客用户互动标报中多级访问控制需求问题,提出一种基于用户组和角色的混合多级访问控制方法。
(4)开发了原型系统,对论文所提出的方法进行实验验证。以Visual Studio2008为开发工具,集成Google Maps API开发,采用Mashup技术实现了博客与地图服务的交互与聚合；并用实际与模拟数据验证文中提出的关键技术方法,包括：更新标报中的变化轮廓线分类与目标重构,发布/订阅模式下的标报信息有序传递,以及基于空间型博客的互动标报。验证了本文所提出的模型与方法的可行性。
理论分析与实验结果表明,本文提出的变化轮廓线分类和目标重构方法,顾及标报信息有序传递的发布/订阅模型,用户参与的多级互动标报技术等有效地解决了网络化空间标报面临的“标什么”、“怎么标”和“怎么传”等难题,为网络化空间标报系统的设计与开发提供了一条新的思路。
Change discovery is one of the important procedure of geographic information update, meanwhile, current information marking and reporting is an important means of change discovery. Its advantage is to integrate with various sources of information effectively. The shortcoming is as follows:the efficiency of plotting by hand is low; the cycle for report and summary is long; interactivity is bad, can't meet the demand of dynamic update for geographic information change in informatization condition. It is a feasible way that introduced networked method into geographic information change marked and reported to overcome traditional shortcoming in current situation. In order to realize the networking marking and reporting, we need to study the following aspects:the change outline classification and object reconstruction, to solve the "marked what"; the publish/subscribe model for reported information transfer orderly, to solve "how to transfer"; the design of the user participation multistage interactive technology,to solve the problem of "how to marked". The main research contents and innovative results are as follows:
(1) For the proposed new requirements of changes in the information reported, a classification of changes in outlines and reconstruction method with the goal of updating is presented in this paper; it generates outlines object increments using lower-dimensional, with the original line snapshot to refine the classification together, analysis and summarize the classification of changes outlines and the classification parameters describe the model; On this basis, it designs updating calculation in outlines for each type of changes classification, performs the corresponding update operator, concludes the fusion rules.
(2) On the analysis of the network environment for information collection and transmission, a spatial publish/subscribe model for reported information transfer orderly is proposed. The spatial change and marking level is introduced to the original pub/sub. Firstly, we provide the formal description method for marking events, including change contour line and parameters, the description of the marking level, based on this, given the marking content framework. The spatial and temporal information is introduced into subscribe expression to expand the subscribe model. In order to realize the matching between multilevel publishes and the space-time subscribe, puts forward a multidimensional index counting event matching algorithm.
(3) According to the demand of networked marking multistage interaction, put forward a model of multistage interaction marking based on the spatial blog and multilevel access control. Firstly, the interaction concept model which includes three aspects of information exchange, standardization and visualization is introduced. And then the method of constructing spatial blog is presented. Its construction entities and relationships are introduced in detail in the blog model. The polymerization between map and blog service is realized by Mashup technique. During further anglicizing the shortcoming of RBAC, an improved model named E-RBAC is proposed. In this model, the user group is introduced to solve the multilevel problem of marking.
(4) Finally, a prototype system is developed using.Net, Oracle and Google Maps API to examine the methods and algorithms presented in this dissertation. Experimental results show evidence of the reasonability and practicability of the marking and reporting model proposed by this paper.
This dissertation proves the validity of network marking and reporting for change information of topographic data. The design of change outline classification and object reconstruction, the publish/subscribe model for reported information transfer orderly, the design of the user participation multistage interactive technology can be maintained based on the models and methods presented in this dissertation.
(1)提出了一种变化轮廓线分类与目标重构方法。首先在目标快照差分类的基础上,将面目标差降维与线目标快照差一同进行细化,分析归纳出地形要素变化轮廓线类型；继而以目标标识动态性、拓扑关系、维数、形状、位置、方位等参数为基础,建立了六元组空间变化描述模型；最后,发展了基于变化轮廓线的目标重构算法,包括目标正负差计算、更新操作算子设计和更新融合规则归纳等。
(2)提出了一种顾及标报信息有序传递的时空发布/订阅模型。将空间变化和标报层级纳入发布内容中,提出了基于变化轮廓线及参数、标报层级的标报事件形式化描述及其构建方法；通过对订阅表达式中的属性变量、取值、操作符进行时空扩展,表达了空间变化的订阅条件；构建了顾及层级的事件代理网络,基于多维索引计数思想完成了发布信息与订阅条件的匹配,从而提出了一种顾及层级和时空特征的发布订阅模型。
(3)提出了一种基于空间型博客的多级互动标报模型。空间型博客模型的基本实体包括对象、用户、角色、用户组、空间型博客、检测器等,实体间的关系包括概括关系、组成关系、协作关系和拥有关系等；针对传统RBAC模型不能满足博客用户互动标报中多级访问控制需求问题,提出一种基于用户组和角色的混合多级访问控制方法。
(4)开发了原型系统,对论文所提出的方法进行实验验证。以Visual Studio2008为开发工具,集成Google Maps API开发,采用Mashup技术实现了博客与地图服务的交互与聚合；并用实际与模拟数据验证文中提出的关键技术方法,包括：更新标报中的变化轮廓线分类与目标重构,发布/订阅模式下的标报信息有序传递,以及基于空间型博客的互动标报。验证了本文所提出的模型与方法的可行性。
理论分析与实验结果表明,本文提出的变化轮廓线分类和目标重构方法,顾及标报信息有序传递的发布/订阅模型,用户参与的多级互动标报技术等有效地解决了网络化空间标报面临的“标什么”、“怎么标”和“怎么传”等难题,为网络化空间标报系统的设计与开发提供了一条新的思路。
Change discovery is one of the important procedure of geographic information update, meanwhile, current information marking and reporting is an important means of change discovery. Its advantage is to integrate with various sources of information effectively. The shortcoming is as follows:the efficiency of plotting by hand is low; the cycle for report and summary is long; interactivity is bad, can't meet the demand of dynamic update for geographic information change in informatization condition. It is a feasible way that introduced networked method into geographic information change marked and reported to overcome traditional shortcoming in current situation. In order to realize the networking marking and reporting, we need to study the following aspects:the change outline classification and object reconstruction, to solve the "marked what"; the publish/subscribe model for reported information transfer orderly, to solve "how to transfer"; the design of the user participation multistage interactive technology,to solve the problem of "how to marked". The main research contents and innovative results are as follows:
(1) For the proposed new requirements of changes in the information reported, a classification of changes in outlines and reconstruction method with the goal of updating is presented in this paper; it generates outlines object increments using lower-dimensional, with the original line snapshot to refine the classification together, analysis and summarize the classification of changes outlines and the classification parameters describe the model; On this basis, it designs updating calculation in outlines for each type of changes classification, performs the corresponding update operator, concludes the fusion rules.
(2) On the analysis of the network environment for information collection and transmission, a spatial publish/subscribe model for reported information transfer orderly is proposed. The spatial change and marking level is introduced to the original pub/sub. Firstly, we provide the formal description method for marking events, including change contour line and parameters, the description of the marking level, based on this, given the marking content framework. The spatial and temporal information is introduced into subscribe expression to expand the subscribe model. In order to realize the matching between multilevel publishes and the space-time subscribe, puts forward a multidimensional index counting event matching algorithm.
(3) According to the demand of networked marking multistage interaction, put forward a model of multistage interaction marking based on the spatial blog and multilevel access control. Firstly, the interaction concept model which includes three aspects of information exchange, standardization and visualization is introduced. And then the method of constructing spatial blog is presented. Its construction entities and relationships are introduced in detail in the blog model. The polymerization between map and blog service is realized by Mashup technique. During further anglicizing the shortcoming of RBAC, an improved model named E-RBAC is proposed. In this model, the user group is introduced to solve the multilevel problem of marking.
(4) Finally, a prototype system is developed using.Net, Oracle and Google Maps API to examine the methods and algorithms presented in this dissertation. Experimental results show evidence of the reasonability and practicability of the marking and reporting model proposed by this paper.
This dissertation proves the validity of network marking and reporting for change information of topographic data. The design of change outline classification and object reconstruction, the publish/subscribe model for reported information transfer orderly, the design of the user participation multistage interactive technology can be maintained based on the models and methods presented in this dissertation.
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