科技企业的二次孵化体系构建及运作模式研究
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摘要
二次孵化的研究能够整合、提升国内现有孵化器的功能,是延伸、优化科技孵化产业链的需要,能够实现孵化器功能从企业孵化到产业孵化的提升,对二次孵化的建设研究是帮助创业企业实现产业化和持续快速成长的需要。对二次孵化进行研究,可以为国内二次孵化的建设提供有针对性的理论指导,从而为在孵企业提供更好的孵化环境,帮助企业实现产业化和持续的快速成长。在本文中,作者分析了二次孵化的目的,所要解决的问题,在比较一次孵化与二次孵化的不同之处的基础上提出了二次孵化的概念,并对其进行功能定位和特点的分析,在分析二次孵化功能要素及运行环境的基础上建立了二次孵化体系。
二次孵化体系由企业、政府、金融机构、中介服务机构、大学和科研机构以及孵化器的管理机构等主要功能要素支撑构成,二次孵化体系在自然环境、社会环境和经济环境的背景下发展。在对产业的孵化过程中,价值由上游企业群落通过中游企业群落、下游企业群落流向市场,同时信息也在系统内部四通八达的流动。信息和资源的源源不断的相互流动形成了一个完整的动态的系统。
通过对二次孵化运作流程的分析,本文识别了二次孵化体系的动力因素,并在此基础上分析了其动力机制。并借鉴一次孵化发展的经验,设定二次孵化体系采用孵化集团的组织模式,孵化集团是孵化器发展演化的高级模式,以创新孵化为宗旨、以构建高新区自主创新体系为目标,资源高度集中,配置空前强大的大型综合性企业集团。最后本文探讨了二次孵化体系的管理机构及管理机制,提出管理团队及发展孵化器文化的重要性。
The research on secondary incubator can integrate and enhance existing features of the incubator, and it needs to extent and optimize the science and technology incubator chain. The research on secondary incubator is necessary to help entrepreneurs achieve industry and sustained and rapid growth. The research can be theoretical guidance for domestic business incubation, and then a better environment will be provided for enterprises to help achieve industrialization and sustained and rapid growth. In this paper, the author analyzes the purpose of the secondary incubator and the problems, brings up the concept of secondary incubator based on the difference between the first incubator and the secondary incubator, analysis the function and the characteristics. Finally the author establishes the secondary incubator system on the basis of elements and environment.
Secondary incubator system is consist of enterprises, government, financial institutions, service agencies, universities and research institutions as well as the incubator management agencies, developing in the natural environment, social environment and economic environment. In the process of industry incubating, the value of the upper business community through the middle reaches to the lower business community, and then market information system is also accessible. Information is flowing in the system, and forms a complete dynamic system with resources in the system.
By analyzing the operation of the secondary incubating, this paper identifies the power element of the secondary incubator, and then analysis the power mechanism. Learning from the experience of the development of an incubator, the secondary incubator system takes the Incubating Group as its Organization model, because the Incubating Group is the high-level model of incubator in its development. The purpose of an innovative incubator is to build a independent innovation system of high-tech zones, with a high concentration of resources and unprecedented allocation of powerful large-scale integrated enterprise groups. At last, this article discusses the management system and the control mechanism system of the secondary incubator, proposes the important function of the management team and the development of incubator culture.
二次孵化体系由企业、政府、金融机构、中介服务机构、大学和科研机构以及孵化器的管理机构等主要功能要素支撑构成,二次孵化体系在自然环境、社会环境和经济环境的背景下发展。在对产业的孵化过程中,价值由上游企业群落通过中游企业群落、下游企业群落流向市场,同时信息也在系统内部四通八达的流动。信息和资源的源源不断的相互流动形成了一个完整的动态的系统。
通过对二次孵化运作流程的分析,本文识别了二次孵化体系的动力因素,并在此基础上分析了其动力机制。并借鉴一次孵化发展的经验,设定二次孵化体系采用孵化集团的组织模式,孵化集团是孵化器发展演化的高级模式,以创新孵化为宗旨、以构建高新区自主创新体系为目标,资源高度集中,配置空前强大的大型综合性企业集团。最后本文探讨了二次孵化体系的管理机构及管理机制,提出管理团队及发展孵化器文化的重要性。
The research on secondary incubator can integrate and enhance existing features of the incubator, and it needs to extent and optimize the science and technology incubator chain. The research on secondary incubator is necessary to help entrepreneurs achieve industry and sustained and rapid growth. The research can be theoretical guidance for domestic business incubation, and then a better environment will be provided for enterprises to help achieve industrialization and sustained and rapid growth. In this paper, the author analyzes the purpose of the secondary incubator and the problems, brings up the concept of secondary incubator based on the difference between the first incubator and the secondary incubator, analysis the function and the characteristics. Finally the author establishes the secondary incubator system on the basis of elements and environment.
Secondary incubator system is consist of enterprises, government, financial institutions, service agencies, universities and research institutions as well as the incubator management agencies, developing in the natural environment, social environment and economic environment. In the process of industry incubating, the value of the upper business community through the middle reaches to the lower business community, and then market information system is also accessible. Information is flowing in the system, and forms a complete dynamic system with resources in the system.
By analyzing the operation of the secondary incubating, this paper identifies the power element of the secondary incubator, and then analysis the power mechanism. Learning from the experience of the development of an incubator, the secondary incubator system takes the Incubating Group as its Organization model, because the Incubating Group is the high-level model of incubator in its development. The purpose of an innovative incubator is to build a independent innovation system of high-tech zones, with a high concentration of resources and unprecedented allocation of powerful large-scale integrated enterprise groups. At last, this article discusses the management system and the control mechanism system of the secondary incubator, proposes the important function of the management team and the development of incubator culture.
引文
[1]张景安.中国高新技术产业发展报告.中华人民共和国科学技术部,1999年.
[2]景俊海等.科技企业成长与企业孵化器[M],西北工业大学出版社,2000.5.
[3]颜振军.孵化与奋飞[M],北京:民族出版社,2000.5
[4]钱平凡.孵化器运作的国际经验与我国的孵化器产业的发展对策.管理世界.2006,6:78-84
[5]欧庭高.论企业孵化器及其模式.广西师院学报.2001,22(3):19-22
[6]NBIA.What is Business Incubator[EB/OL].2000-05-26.
[7]Lalkaka R.Lessons from international experience for the promotion of business incubator systems in emerging economies:Number3[M].New York:Business and Technology Development Strategies.1997
[8]Allen D N Small Business Incubators and Enterprise Development[M].U.S.Department of Commerce,1985.
[9]Mark P.Rice,Co-production of business assistance in business incubators An exploratory study,Journal of Business Venturing,2002(17):18-20
[10]Rogers M.&Cote M.,Growing the next silicon valley,Massachusetts Toronto,D.C.Heath and Company Lexington,1987.
[11]Ravi Sawhney,E.Autio and V.Tontti.Social Capital,Knowledge and the International Growth of Technology-based New Firms.International Business Review,11,2002:279-304.
[12]H.Krist,Innovation centers as an element of strategies for endogenous regional development,Science parks and innovation centers:their economic and social impact,Proceeding of the conference held in Berlin,.ELSEVIER,1985:178-182.
[13]EULF,M.,C.Campbell,Business Incubator Profiles:A National Survey,Minneapolis:University of Minnesota,Hubert H.Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs.
[14]Smilor,R.W.Managing the incubator system.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1987,34(8):18-27.
[15]Fryf.L.The Role of Incubators in Smal Business Planning.ln:American Journal of Small Businessl2(1),51-61
[16]Allen.D.N.1988.business incubator life cycles.Economic Development Quarterly 2(1),19-29
[17]景俊海.科技企业与企业孵化器[M],2000.
[18]吴寿仁.企业孵化器与孵化企业之间关系的探讨.同济大学学报(社会科学版).2002,8:
[19]Campbell C.,R.C.Kendrick,D.S.Samuelson.Stalking the Latent Entrepreneur:Business Incubators and Economic Development.Economic Development Review,1985,3(2):43-49.
[20]Smilor,R.W.and M.D.Gill Jr..The New Business Incubator:Linking Talent,Technology,Capital,and Know-How,Lexington:hexington Books,1986.
[21]SchererA.,D.VP.McDonald.A Model for the Development of Small High-Technology Businesses Based on Case Studies from an Incubator,Journal of Product Innovation Management,1988,5(4):282-295.
[22]Stuart R.,P.A.Abetti.Start-up Ventures:Towards the Prediction of Initial Success.Journal of Business Venturing,1987,2:215-230.
[23]Fry F.L.The Role of Incubators in Small Business Planning.American Journal of Small Business.198?,2(1):51-61.
[24]David N.Allen,Richard McCluskey.Structure,policy,services,and performance in the business incubator industry.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,1990,(4):61-77
[25]Autio和Kloftsen,New Business Formation through the Enterprise Development Center:A Model for New Venture Creation,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management EM,1988,35(4):221-231
[26]Bearse P.,A Question of Evaluation:LABIA' s Impact Assessment of Business Incubators.Economic Development Quarterly,1998,12:(4):322-333.
[27]张景安.在创新中崛起的中国科技工业园区和企业孵化器.中国科技产业.2000,5
[28]颜振军.孵化与奋飞[M].北京:民族出版社,2000.
[29]马凤岭.见:中国企业孵化器的市场化与产业化发展-在世界企业孵化器与技术创新大会上的演讲论文.2003
[30]龚伟.加速提升企业孵化器的孵化功能.科技创业月刊.2002,5:28-30
[31]景俊海.新型经济下企业孵化器的发展方向.发现.2001,1
[32]王德禄.孵化器是一种新的商业模式.未来与发展.2000,4:16
[33]欧庭高.企业孵化器促进技术创新社会生成的研究.科技管理研究2006.2:8-10
[34]盛昭瀚,卢锐.区位优势理论与我国企业孵化器的发展.财经研究.2001,10:47-52
[35]斯密.国富论·论分工的起因[M].
[36]盛洪.科斯的交易费用和诺贝尔经济学奖.科技导报.1992,3:10-12
[37]斯蒂格勒著.市场范围限制劳动分工.[美]库尔特·勒布、托马斯·盖尔·穆尔编,吴珠华译.斯蒂格勒论文精粹[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[38]刘芬,邓宏兵,李雪平.增长极理论、产业集群理论与我国区域经济发展.华中师范大学学报(自然科学版).2007,3:130-133
[39]赵旭.长江三角洲地区产业集群的空间结构及其演化趋势研究:(硕士学位论文).浙江大学.2004
[40]王芹.从硅谷的成功经验看我国高新区产业集群的发展.商场现代化.2006,12:186
[2]景俊海等.科技企业成长与企业孵化器[M],西北工业大学出版社,2000.5.
[3]颜振军.孵化与奋飞[M],北京:民族出版社,2000.5
[4]钱平凡.孵化器运作的国际经验与我国的孵化器产业的发展对策.管理世界.2006,6:78-84
[5]欧庭高.论企业孵化器及其模式.广西师院学报.2001,22(3):19-22
[6]NBIA.What is Business Incubator[EB/OL].2000-05-26.
[7]Lalkaka R.Lessons from international experience for the promotion of business incubator systems in emerging economies:Number3[M].New York:Business and Technology Development Strategies.1997
[8]Allen D N Small Business Incubators and Enterprise Development[M].U.S.Department of Commerce,1985.
[9]Mark P.Rice,Co-production of business assistance in business incubators An exploratory study,Journal of Business Venturing,2002(17):18-20
[10]Rogers M.&Cote M.,Growing the next silicon valley,Massachusetts Toronto,D.C.Heath and Company Lexington,1987.
[11]Ravi Sawhney,E.Autio and V.Tontti.Social Capital,Knowledge and the International Growth of Technology-based New Firms.International Business Review,11,2002:279-304.
[12]H.Krist,Innovation centers as an element of strategies for endogenous regional development,Science parks and innovation centers:their economic and social impact,Proceeding of the conference held in Berlin,.ELSEVIER,1985:178-182.
[13]EULF,M.,C.Campbell,Business Incubator Profiles:A National Survey,Minneapolis:University of Minnesota,Hubert H.Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs.
[14]Smilor,R.W.Managing the incubator system.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1987,34(8):18-27.
[15]Fryf.L.The Role of Incubators in Smal Business Planning.ln:American Journal of Small Businessl2(1),51-61
[16]Allen.D.N.1988.business incubator life cycles.Economic Development Quarterly 2(1),19-29
[17]景俊海.科技企业与企业孵化器[M],2000.
[18]吴寿仁.企业孵化器与孵化企业之间关系的探讨.同济大学学报(社会科学版).2002,8:
[19]Campbell C.,R.C.Kendrick,D.S.Samuelson.Stalking the Latent Entrepreneur:Business Incubators and Economic Development.Economic Development Review,1985,3(2):43-49.
[20]Smilor,R.W.and M.D.Gill Jr..The New Business Incubator:Linking Talent,Technology,Capital,and Know-How,Lexington:hexington Books,1986.
[21]SchererA.,D.VP.McDonald.A Model for the Development of Small High-Technology Businesses Based on Case Studies from an Incubator,Journal of Product Innovation Management,1988,5(4):282-295.
[22]Stuart R.,P.A.Abetti.Start-up Ventures:Towards the Prediction of Initial Success.Journal of Business Venturing,1987,2:215-230.
[23]Fry F.L.The Role of Incubators in Small Business Planning.American Journal of Small Business.198?,2(1):51-61.
[24]David N.Allen,Richard McCluskey.Structure,policy,services,and performance in the business incubator industry.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,1990,(4):61-77
[25]Autio和Kloftsen,New Business Formation through the Enterprise Development Center:A Model for New Venture Creation,IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management EM,1988,35(4):221-231
[26]Bearse P.,A Question of Evaluation:LABIA' s Impact Assessment of Business Incubators.Economic Development Quarterly,1998,12:(4):322-333.
[27]张景安.在创新中崛起的中国科技工业园区和企业孵化器.中国科技产业.2000,5
[28]颜振军.孵化与奋飞[M].北京:民族出版社,2000.
[29]马凤岭.见:中国企业孵化器的市场化与产业化发展-在世界企业孵化器与技术创新大会上的演讲论文.2003
[30]龚伟.加速提升企业孵化器的孵化功能.科技创业月刊.2002,5:28-30
[31]景俊海.新型经济下企业孵化器的发展方向.发现.2001,1
[32]王德禄.孵化器是一种新的商业模式.未来与发展.2000,4:16
[33]欧庭高.企业孵化器促进技术创新社会生成的研究.科技管理研究2006.2:8-10
[34]盛昭瀚,卢锐.区位优势理论与我国企业孵化器的发展.财经研究.2001,10:47-52
[35]斯密.国富论·论分工的起因[M].
[36]盛洪.科斯的交易费用和诺贝尔经济学奖.科技导报.1992,3:10-12
[37]斯蒂格勒著.市场范围限制劳动分工.[美]库尔特·勒布、托马斯·盖尔·穆尔编,吴珠华译.斯蒂格勒论文精粹[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[38]刘芬,邓宏兵,李雪平.增长极理论、产业集群理论与我国区域经济发展.华中师范大学学报(自然科学版).2007,3:130-133
[39]赵旭.长江三角洲地区产业集群的空间结构及其演化趋势研究:(硕士学位论文).浙江大学.2004
[40]王芹.从硅谷的成功经验看我国高新区产业集群的发展.商场现代化.2006,12:186