欧亚贸易路径构架创新研究
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摘要
本文从欧亚现有贸易路径出发,构建了一个以三地为基础的虚拟组织构架。通过对此构架的分析,对欧亚贸易渠道进行了再造与设计,拓展出基于流程与要素的新的路径构架。在此构架基础上,重点对支撑此构架的三地要素进行研究,分析三地的特色要素、需求要素、优势要素,成为推动此路径构架的内生力。全球化与国际贸易的发展,成为此路径构架的外部拉动力。
以此更深入一步,通过处理个人与国家的关系、处理不同文化背景下人们之间的关系,达到发挥特色,优势互补,加强全球合作中“光明的力量”的目的。要通过科学文化知识的相互理解和商品的交换来努力创造更多的财富和更加稳定和谐的全球发展环境。
全文围绕全球化问题展开。
全球化的铁律十分简单:如果认为全球化只是有利无弊或者只是有弊无利,那么就没有真正的理解全球化。全球化中既有加强作用也有削弱作用,既有均衡也有突出,既有民主化又有专制化。因此大家不应怀疑的是这个扁平的世界既加强了光明的力量,同时也加强了黑暗的力量。
本文的目的就是要通过处理个人与国家的关系、处理不同文化背景下人们之间的关系来加强“光明的力量”,就是要通过科学文化知识的相互理解和商品的交换来努力创造更多的财富和更加稳定的发展环境。
丝绸之路是世界上最古老的贸易通道,在历史上有十分重要的地位。丝绸之路的故事就是早期的成功贸易走向当今时代的一个典范。在那个历史时期,数个供贸易和文化交流的通道共同组成了丝绸之路。通过贸易者、商人、朝圣者、士兵、农民和市民们多个世纪的努力,才将中国与地中海沿岸的国家联系了起来,而这种联系对亚欧大陆文化的相互影响十分重要。虽然亚欧之间的相互贸易早已出现,但丝绸之路的开创被认为是始于公元前114年,那时中国正处于汉代。
中国在这段时间以及后面很长一段时期一直是世界的中心。
丝绸之路东起中国长安(今西安)西至地中海沿岸,陆海绵延8000多公里(约5000英里)。丝绸之路对中华文明、古埃及文明、两河流域文明、波斯文明、古印度文明及古罗马文明的发展都有十分重要的意义,同时它也为现代世界的发展奠定了基础。
在当今时代,全球资源和国际贸易对企业和国家仍然十分重要。
当前亚洲的许多中小型企业由于资金匮乏、困难重重无法走向国际市场,同时它们的国家又不能为它们提供直接的经验支持。因此这些企业只有通过贸易代理或参加广交会展览的方式展出它们的产品,而这种展出的结果只能是高投入低收益。
与此同时,欧洲的批发商只需要在一年两次的广州中国进出口贸易会上来购买需要的消费品。他们也经常会投入大量的时间和金钱让他们的贸易代理商来搜寻和购买中国的商品。
因此,在相关区域的中心为批发商们设立“全年集会地”,并为交易品建立一个永久的质量控制体系,是一个值得尝试的构想。同时,为展品公司提供小型的便利摊位,为四面八方而来的批发商们创造方便的交通联系,也都是在这个飞速发展的时代增强竞争力的关键。
中心贸易平台能够加强商品的流通。
在欧洲、中东和远东这三个世界主要地区所建立的贸易平台组合起来就成为一个“贸易与展览的神奇三角形”。
全世界范围的贸易与展览共同组成了这个神奇的三角。这个三角以质量、品牌等特别的主题和内容为基础,以期在将来建立一个相互合作的世界来代替当今由国别组成的世界。这个构想的亮点就在于,它通过协调国家之间的关系使国家之间成为具有全球责任的长期合作关系,来更好的服务于本国人民。
就像一扇两边都有入口的大门一样,此次研究就是要在探索民族、经济、传统和贸易历史等各方面情况的基础上,在中心地域建立多个“全球之门”。
在此种情形下,欧洲呈现出两个中心地域:
第一处就是德国的杜伊斯堡。作为通往亚洲的大门,杜伊斯堡不仅为批发商举办长期性的展览会,而且为供应商增加了质量保证。GTA质量包装是GTA工程的心脏。杜伊斯堡坐落于莱茵-鲁尔区域,是欧洲最大的经济持续发展区。同时其优越的地理位置使其辐射到整个欧洲,特别是西欧。与之相对应,匈牙利首都布达佩斯的“亚洲中心”则是整个东欧国家的典范。
中国天津作为世界市场所在地(简称GMP),是远东地区与欧洲相呼应的伟大工程。此项工程是传统展销与长期性showcase展销的独特联合。天津邻近北京,是中国四个直辖市之一。环渤海区域繁荣优越的地理位置,使天津成为辐射全国乃至整个远东地区的理想场所。
“神奇三角”的第三个部分是中东地区迅速发展的迪拜,它是中国与欧洲大陆之间的中转站。迪拜位于海湾地区的中央,也因此成为中东地区运输与贸易的理想区域。
因此,选择上述地区作为贸易中心,有望建立一系列现代贸易中心区,形成一条新的丝绸之路,一条从中国出发经迪拜再到欧洲的贸易新途径。
另外,质量观念能够帮助企业在既提高满意度又实现高额利润的方式下长期的服务于市场。中国的中小型企业将成为此次试验的最大赢家。
我们的目的就是通过全球范围的合作来积累财富,增强相互的信任和尊重,保证合作的稳定性,并增进双方的友谊与和平发展。既然我们同时生活在一个全球化的世界里,套用中国朋友的一句话,我认为我们应该“眼界全球化-行动本土化”。
“好的艺术是手脑心并用的艺术”。
—约翰·拉斯金
It's all about globalization.
The iron law of globalization is very simple: If you think it is all good, or you think it is all bad, you don't get it. Globalization has empowering and disempowering, homogenizing and particularizing, democratizing and authoritarian tendencies all built into it. One should have no doubt - I certainly don't - that the flat world empowers the forces of darkness as well as the forces of light.
To strengthen the 'forces of light' through installing relationships between individuals and nations, between people of different cultures... helping to create stability and wealth through understanding and exchange of knowledge and goods ... is the aim of this paper.
The story of the world's oldest and historically most important trade route, the Silk Road, is an example for early successful trade to be transmitted in our century.
In former times, The Silk Road, or Silk Route, consisted of several routes for trade and cultural exchange that were most important for cultural interaction between the Asian continent and Europe by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, soldiers, nomads and urban dwellers from China to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. The trade route was initiated around 114 B.C. by the Han Dynasty, although earlier trade across the continents had already existed.
This time and a lot of more centuries China was the Center of the World.
Connecting Chang'an (today's Xi'an) in China, with Asia Minor and the Mediterranean, extending over 8,000 km (5,000 miles) on land and sea, trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the great civilizations of China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Indian subcontinent, and Rome, and helped to lay the foundations for the modern world.3
The same in our days, Global Sourcing and International Trade are very important for companies and nations.
These days it's difficult and expensive for a lot of Asian Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME's) to go abroad while having no direct experience in the countries to be served.
Therefore they often use Trade Agents or exhibiting their goods at Canton Trade Fair with high costs and small margins.
On the other hand, European Wholesaler often only use twice a year the opportunity to buy consumer goods at the Chinese Import and Export Commodities Fair in Canton. Or they often use own Trade Scouts or Trade Agents to buy Chinese Goods investing a lot of time and money sourcing and travelling around.
To install "whole-year-meeting-points" for Wholesalers at Central Locations in the related regions and to establish a permanent Quality Control for the traded goods, is a concept worthwhile to be examined.
Small cost saving booths for the exhibiting companies and convenient traffic connections for the wholesalers to the Centers from all over the served regions are important points to be competitive in a fast running time.
Central Trade Platforms strengthen the Exchange of goods.
Establishing these Trade Platforms in three major regions of the world is called a "MAGIC Trade and Exhibition TRIANGLE" that means three parts of the world: Europe, the Far East and the Middle East to be involved.
The MAGIC TRIANGLE consists of worldwide relationships in the field of "TRADE" and "EXHIBITIONS", based on special themes and contents -like QUALITY and BRANDING-, related to the future planning of a world of partners that will be more than a world of nations. Highlights that can improve the handling of relationships between nations to transform them to long-lasting partnerships with global responsibility to serve their own people.
Based on the examination of nations, economies, traditions and trade histories - symbolized by a GATE that is open for entrances from both sides - the research is about existing and new to establish "WORLD WIDE GATES" at Central Locations.
In this context two elements are representing Central Places in Europe:
First part is GTA Gate-to-Asia-Project in Duisburg, Germany, with main aspects permanent exhibition, only for wholesalers and adding Quality Assurance to the suppliers. The GTA Quality Package is the Heart of the GTA-Concept.
Duisburg is located in the Rhine-Ruhr-Area, Europe's largest continuous economic Region, central located to serve all Europe, especially Western Europe.
AsiaCenter in Budapest, the capital of Hungary, is existing example to serve all Eastern Europe.
GMP Global Market Place in Tianjin, P.R.C., is (Far East) Asian counterpart-project with unique combination of traditional exhibition and permanent showcase-exhibition.
Tianjin is one of the four municipalities of China that are directly under the central government, nearby Beijing. Located in the prospering Bohai Region, it's an ideal location to serve all China and the whole Far East.
Half the way between China and Europe, the third element of The MAGIC TRIANGLE is existing Dragon Complex in booming Dubai, Middle East.
Dubai is central in the Gulf Region, ideal located as a transportation and trade hub in the Middle East.
Therefore the choice of the listed Trade Center Locations is worthwhile becoming modem TRADE HUBS along the New Silk Road, the New Path of Trade from China via Dubai to Europe.
In addition, the Quality-Concept will help companies to serve the markets for a long time in a satisfying and highly profitable way.
Chinese SME's will profit most.
Goal is worldwide cooperation to generate wealth, trust, stability, respect, friendship and peace.
Nevertheless we are living in a globalized world, my major topic I learned from my Chinese friends is: Think global - act local.
"Fine art is that in which the hand, the head, and the heart of man go together." John Ruskin
以此更深入一步,通过处理个人与国家的关系、处理不同文化背景下人们之间的关系,达到发挥特色,优势互补,加强全球合作中“光明的力量”的目的。要通过科学文化知识的相互理解和商品的交换来努力创造更多的财富和更加稳定和谐的全球发展环境。
全文围绕全球化问题展开。
全球化的铁律十分简单:如果认为全球化只是有利无弊或者只是有弊无利,那么就没有真正的理解全球化。全球化中既有加强作用也有削弱作用,既有均衡也有突出,既有民主化又有专制化。因此大家不应怀疑的是这个扁平的世界既加强了光明的力量,同时也加强了黑暗的力量。
本文的目的就是要通过处理个人与国家的关系、处理不同文化背景下人们之间的关系来加强“光明的力量”,就是要通过科学文化知识的相互理解和商品的交换来努力创造更多的财富和更加稳定的发展环境。
丝绸之路是世界上最古老的贸易通道,在历史上有十分重要的地位。丝绸之路的故事就是早期的成功贸易走向当今时代的一个典范。在那个历史时期,数个供贸易和文化交流的通道共同组成了丝绸之路。通过贸易者、商人、朝圣者、士兵、农民和市民们多个世纪的努力,才将中国与地中海沿岸的国家联系了起来,而这种联系对亚欧大陆文化的相互影响十分重要。虽然亚欧之间的相互贸易早已出现,但丝绸之路的开创被认为是始于公元前114年,那时中国正处于汉代。
中国在这段时间以及后面很长一段时期一直是世界的中心。
丝绸之路东起中国长安(今西安)西至地中海沿岸,陆海绵延8000多公里(约5000英里)。丝绸之路对中华文明、古埃及文明、两河流域文明、波斯文明、古印度文明及古罗马文明的发展都有十分重要的意义,同时它也为现代世界的发展奠定了基础。
在当今时代,全球资源和国际贸易对企业和国家仍然十分重要。
当前亚洲的许多中小型企业由于资金匮乏、困难重重无法走向国际市场,同时它们的国家又不能为它们提供直接的经验支持。因此这些企业只有通过贸易代理或参加广交会展览的方式展出它们的产品,而这种展出的结果只能是高投入低收益。
与此同时,欧洲的批发商只需要在一年两次的广州中国进出口贸易会上来购买需要的消费品。他们也经常会投入大量的时间和金钱让他们的贸易代理商来搜寻和购买中国的商品。
因此,在相关区域的中心为批发商们设立“全年集会地”,并为交易品建立一个永久的质量控制体系,是一个值得尝试的构想。同时,为展品公司提供小型的便利摊位,为四面八方而来的批发商们创造方便的交通联系,也都是在这个飞速发展的时代增强竞争力的关键。
中心贸易平台能够加强商品的流通。
在欧洲、中东和远东这三个世界主要地区所建立的贸易平台组合起来就成为一个“贸易与展览的神奇三角形”。
全世界范围的贸易与展览共同组成了这个神奇的三角。这个三角以质量、品牌等特别的主题和内容为基础,以期在将来建立一个相互合作的世界来代替当今由国别组成的世界。这个构想的亮点就在于,它通过协调国家之间的关系使国家之间成为具有全球责任的长期合作关系,来更好的服务于本国人民。
就像一扇两边都有入口的大门一样,此次研究就是要在探索民族、经济、传统和贸易历史等各方面情况的基础上,在中心地域建立多个“全球之门”。
在此种情形下,欧洲呈现出两个中心地域:
第一处就是德国的杜伊斯堡。作为通往亚洲的大门,杜伊斯堡不仅为批发商举办长期性的展览会,而且为供应商增加了质量保证。GTA质量包装是GTA工程的心脏。杜伊斯堡坐落于莱茵-鲁尔区域,是欧洲最大的经济持续发展区。同时其优越的地理位置使其辐射到整个欧洲,特别是西欧。与之相对应,匈牙利首都布达佩斯的“亚洲中心”则是整个东欧国家的典范。
中国天津作为世界市场所在地(简称GMP),是远东地区与欧洲相呼应的伟大工程。此项工程是传统展销与长期性showcase展销的独特联合。天津邻近北京,是中国四个直辖市之一。环渤海区域繁荣优越的地理位置,使天津成为辐射全国乃至整个远东地区的理想场所。
“神奇三角”的第三个部分是中东地区迅速发展的迪拜,它是中国与欧洲大陆之间的中转站。迪拜位于海湾地区的中央,也因此成为中东地区运输与贸易的理想区域。
因此,选择上述地区作为贸易中心,有望建立一系列现代贸易中心区,形成一条新的丝绸之路,一条从中国出发经迪拜再到欧洲的贸易新途径。
另外,质量观念能够帮助企业在既提高满意度又实现高额利润的方式下长期的服务于市场。中国的中小型企业将成为此次试验的最大赢家。
我们的目的就是通过全球范围的合作来积累财富,增强相互的信任和尊重,保证合作的稳定性,并增进双方的友谊与和平发展。既然我们同时生活在一个全球化的世界里,套用中国朋友的一句话,我认为我们应该“眼界全球化-行动本土化”。
“好的艺术是手脑心并用的艺术”。
—约翰·拉斯金
It's all about globalization.
The iron law of globalization is very simple: If you think it is all good, or you think it is all bad, you don't get it. Globalization has empowering and disempowering, homogenizing and particularizing, democratizing and authoritarian tendencies all built into it. One should have no doubt - I certainly don't - that the flat world empowers the forces of darkness as well as the forces of light.
To strengthen the 'forces of light' through installing relationships between individuals and nations, between people of different cultures... helping to create stability and wealth through understanding and exchange of knowledge and goods ... is the aim of this paper.
The story of the world's oldest and historically most important trade route, the Silk Road, is an example for early successful trade to be transmitted in our century.
In former times, The Silk Road, or Silk Route, consisted of several routes for trade and cultural exchange that were most important for cultural interaction between the Asian continent and Europe by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, soldiers, nomads and urban dwellers from China to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. The trade route was initiated around 114 B.C. by the Han Dynasty, although earlier trade across the continents had already existed.
This time and a lot of more centuries China was the Center of the World.
Connecting Chang'an (today's Xi'an) in China, with Asia Minor and the Mediterranean, extending over 8,000 km (5,000 miles) on land and sea, trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the great civilizations of China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Indian subcontinent, and Rome, and helped to lay the foundations for the modern world.3
The same in our days, Global Sourcing and International Trade are very important for companies and nations.
These days it's difficult and expensive for a lot of Asian Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME's) to go abroad while having no direct experience in the countries to be served.
Therefore they often use Trade Agents or exhibiting their goods at Canton Trade Fair with high costs and small margins.
On the other hand, European Wholesaler often only use twice a year the opportunity to buy consumer goods at the Chinese Import and Export Commodities Fair in Canton. Or they often use own Trade Scouts or Trade Agents to buy Chinese Goods investing a lot of time and money sourcing and travelling around.
To install "whole-year-meeting-points" for Wholesalers at Central Locations in the related regions and to establish a permanent Quality Control for the traded goods, is a concept worthwhile to be examined.
Small cost saving booths for the exhibiting companies and convenient traffic connections for the wholesalers to the Centers from all over the served regions are important points to be competitive in a fast running time.
Central Trade Platforms strengthen the Exchange of goods.
Establishing these Trade Platforms in three major regions of the world is called a "MAGIC Trade and Exhibition TRIANGLE" that means three parts of the world: Europe, the Far East and the Middle East to be involved.
The MAGIC TRIANGLE consists of worldwide relationships in the field of "TRADE" and "EXHIBITIONS", based on special themes and contents -like QUALITY and BRANDING-, related to the future planning of a world of partners that will be more than a world of nations. Highlights that can improve the handling of relationships between nations to transform them to long-lasting partnerships with global responsibility to serve their own people.
Based on the examination of nations, economies, traditions and trade histories - symbolized by a GATE that is open for entrances from both sides - the research is about existing and new to establish "WORLD WIDE GATES" at Central Locations.
In this context two elements are representing Central Places in Europe:
First part is GTA Gate-to-Asia-Project in Duisburg, Germany, with main aspects permanent exhibition, only for wholesalers and adding Quality Assurance to the suppliers. The GTA Quality Package is the Heart of the GTA-Concept.
Duisburg is located in the Rhine-Ruhr-Area, Europe's largest continuous economic Region, central located to serve all Europe, especially Western Europe.
AsiaCenter in Budapest, the capital of Hungary, is existing example to serve all Eastern Europe.
GMP Global Market Place in Tianjin, P.R.C., is (Far East) Asian counterpart-project with unique combination of traditional exhibition and permanent showcase-exhibition.
Tianjin is one of the four municipalities of China that are directly under the central government, nearby Beijing. Located in the prospering Bohai Region, it's an ideal location to serve all China and the whole Far East.
Half the way between China and Europe, the third element of The MAGIC TRIANGLE is existing Dragon Complex in booming Dubai, Middle East.
Dubai is central in the Gulf Region, ideal located as a transportation and trade hub in the Middle East.
Therefore the choice of the listed Trade Center Locations is worthwhile becoming modem TRADE HUBS along the New Silk Road, the New Path of Trade from China via Dubai to Europe.
In addition, the Quality-Concept will help companies to serve the markets for a long time in a satisfying and highly profitable way.
Chinese SME's will profit most.
Goal is worldwide cooperation to generate wealth, trust, stability, respect, friendship and peace.
Nevertheless we are living in a globalized world, my major topic I learned from my Chinese friends is: Think global - act local.
"Fine art is that in which the hand, the head, and the heart of man go together." John Ruskin
引文
1 Friedman, Thomas L. (2005/2006), THE WORLD IS FLAT, London, p. 510, p. 515, p. 543
2 Elisseeff, Vadime (2001), The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce., Berghahn Books
3 Wikipedia (2008), Silk Road
4 Clemmer, Jim & McNeil, Art (1990), Leadership skills for every manager, London, p. 16 - 17, p. 27 - 28, p. 246
5 Bogaschewski, Ronald (2006), China Sourcing Survey 2006, Wuerzburg, p. 2, p. 23, p. 48,
6 BCG (2007), Sourcing from China, The Boston Consulting Group
7 China Statistical Yearbook (2006), BCG analysis
8 Wild, Oliver (1992), The Silk Road
9 Hirst, Kris K. (2008), Along the Silk Road, Your Guide to Archaeology; about.com: Archaeology
10 The Silk Road Foundation (2000 & 2008), www.silk-road.com
11 Great Silk Road (2008): Stream of life, www.sairamtour.com
12 Walz, Hans-Juergen (2008), PhD-Thesis: The New Path of Trade between Asia & Europe - The Conception of a MAGIC TRIANGLE, Chapters 3-5.
13 Eno, R. (2006), The Reign of Wu-Di, 140-87, Indiana University, History G380
14 The Silk Road (2006): East meets West: How untold wonders, knowledge, and even death traveled the ancient world, The Free Library by Farlex, www.thefreelibrary.com
15 Zhou Wei Ping (2006), Marco Polo's SILK Road, Mysterious China, DVD series, part two.
16 Wood, Frances (2003), The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia, with ref. to Richthofen, Ferdinand (1877)
17 Cherry, Ron (1993), SERICULTURE, Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am. (35:83-84), first issue: June 1993
18 Akhmedov, Sarvar (2008), Millenniums of silk triumph, Uzbekistan Today, Jan. 18th, 2008
19 The Kushan Empire (ca. 2nd Century B.C.-3rd century A.D.) (2008), Department of Asian Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, www.metmuseum.org
20 Lendering, Jona (1997/2006), Silk road, www.livius.org
21 The Silk Road: A Larger View (2008), Monks and Merchants, Asia Society, www.asiasociety.org
22 Chaw, Charles (2006), China Business Guide, Singapore, p. 12, p. 33, p. 140
23 Christensen, Clayton (1997/2003), The Innovator's Dilemma, New York, p. 165
24 Smith, David (2007), THE DRAGON AND THE ELEPHANT, London, p. 8 - 9, p. 13 -14, p. 23 - 24, p. 34, p. 39 - 40, p. 53, p. 55,
25 McGeary, Johanna (1997), TIME Magazine, The Next China, March 3rd, 1997
26 Deng Xiaoping in Smith, David (2007), p. 34
27 Naisbitt, John (1996), Megatrends Asia, New York, cover, backside, p. 12, p. 17-18, p. 20, p. 23, p. 26, p. 47 - 48, p. 84, p. 87, p. 121, p. 126, p. 175, p. p. 185 - 186, p. 188, p. 195, p. 233, p. 249
28 Sieren, Frank (2005), DER CHINA CODE, Berlin, p. 147, p. 222, p. 332,
29 World Trade Centers Association, Slogan (Trademark), Official Website 2008
30 CHINAdaily (2007), China takes on the world, Jan. 18th, 2007 with ref. to Elliot Michael, Time Magazine, Jan. 11th, 2007
31 Madison, Angus (2001), THE WORLD ECONOMY: A MILLENIAL PERSPECTIVE, OECD, Paris
32 Desai, Meghnad (2003), 'India and China, An Essay in Comparative Political Economy', paper for the IMF Conference on India/China, Dehli, April 2003
33 Woodall, Pam (2005), Trom T-shirts to T-bonds', Economist, London, 28th July 2005
34 Tian Le (2006), China Daily, President Hu: History key to improving relations, Oct. 9th, 2006
35 Sandschneider, Eberhard Prof. Dr. (2006), Council on Foreign Relations
36 Krueger, Anne (2005), 'China and the Global Economic Recovery', speech to the American Enterprise Institute, 10th Jan. 2005, IMF, Washington D.C.
37 Barge, Peter (2006), The Little Book of Big Decisions, p. 50
38 Smith, Adam, (1776), The Wealth of Nations, Book IV, Section ii, 12
39 Ricardo, David (1817), On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
40 Ricardo, David (1821 - 3rd edition), On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, Chapter 2: On Rent; Chapter 5: Of Wages; Chapter 7: On Foreign Trade
41 Fusfeld, Daniel R. "Ricardo, David." The World Book Encyclopedia", 1990
42 Henderson, David R. "David Ricardo."The Fortune Encyclopedia of Economics", 1993.
43 St. Clair, Oswald. "A Key to Ricardo", New York: Augustus M. Kelly, 1965.
44 Krugman, Paul & Wells, Robin (2005), Microeconomics (Canadian Edition), International Trade, Chapter 17-7, Chapter 17-8, Chapter 17-9, Chapter 17-26, Chapter 17-29
45 Heckscher, E. (1919), The effect of foreign trade on the distribution of income. Ekonomisk Tidskriff, 497-512. Translated as chapter 13 in American Economic Association, Readings in the Theory of International Trade, Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1949, 272-300.
46 Ohlin, B. (1933), Interregional and International Trade. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1966.
47 Karp, L. (2005), International Trade, Chapter 3, The Ricardo-Viner Model
48 Krugman, Paul, Incidents from my career, Second Chapter: Finding a vision (rel.to 1976)
49 Ethier, W. (1982) "National and International Returns to Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade", American Economic Review, vol 72, no 3, pp. 389-405.
50 Krugman, P. (1984) "Import Protection as Export Protection", in Kierkowski(ed)(1984).
51 Krugman, P. (1986) Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics, Cambridge: MIT Press.
52 Eatwell, John (1987), Returns to Scale, The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, pp. 165-66
53 Deraniyagala, Sonali and Fine, Ben (2001): New Trade Theory Versus Old Trade Policy: A Continuing Enigma, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 25, pp.809-825, 2001
54 Blinder, Alan S. (2002), Free Trade, The Consise Encyclopedia of Economics, www.econlib.org
55 Encyclopedia Britannica-online (2008), Theory of Production, www.britannica.com
56 Krugman, Paul (2007), First, Do Less Harm, Commentary, NY Times, Economist's View, Jan. 05th, 2007
57 Grossman, G. and Helpman E. (1991), Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Cambridge, MIT Press
58 Grossman, Gene & Horn, Henrik (1988), Infant-Industry Protection Reconsidered: The Case of Informational Barriers to Entry
59 Alpha C. Chiang and Kevin Wainwright (2005). Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin
60 Economics: A-Z (2008), Network Effect, www.economist.com
61 Solow, Robert M., (1998), Monopolistic Competition and Macroeconomic Theory, Cambridge University Press
62 Isard, Walter (1954), "Location Theory and Trade Theory: Short-Run Analysis". Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 68, 1954, p. 305-322.
63 Martin, Ron & Sunley, Peter (1996), Paul Krugman's Geographical Economics and Its Implications for Regional Development Theory: A Critical Assessment, in: Economic Geography, Volume 72, Issue 3, July 1996, pp. 259-292
64 Krugman, Paul & Wells, Robin (2005), Microeconomics (Canadian Edition), International Trade
65 Krugman, Paul (1995), Development, geography and economic theory, Cambridge: MIT Press
66 Krugman, Paul (1991), Geography and trade, Leuven: Leuven University Press
67 Mandelson, Peter (2006), China, European Commission-External Trade, Oct. 24th, 2006
68 Mandelson, Peter, Competition and Partnership, EU TRADE ISSUES, 2006
69 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES; EU-CHINA: Closer partners, growing responsibilities, Brussels, Oct. 24th, 2006
70 China Import & Export Forecast Report, 2007, Beijing RIC Information Consulting Co. Ltd., Oct. 2007
71 Wikipedia (2008) - European Union -
72 Gate to Asia, Project Summary and Project Management, Duisburg, 2005
73 SIEMENS, Corporate Website
74 City of Duisburg, Official Website
75 Kohl & Fromme, Architekten, Duisburg, 2005 - 2007
76 International Accreditation Forum, IAF Quality Manual 2002, Index, Issue 1 version 1
77 TUEV North (TUEV Nord), Certification Systems, 2005/2006
78 TUEV NORD, Product Management System TN 49000, 2005/2006
79 Wikipedia - Budapest - 2008
80 Encyclopaedia Britannica -online-, www.britannica.com, March 2008
81 Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Social and economic parameters of Budapest, 2007
82 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, Budapest, 1910 -1911
83 ICOMOS, Int. Council on Monuments and Sites, World Heritage List No. 400, Nomination of the banks of Danube and the district of the Buda Castle, April 24th, 1986
84 Lyman, Rick, Budapest is Stealing Some of Prague's Spotlight, The New York Times, Sept. 3rd, 2006
85 Gruber, Ruth Ellen, Doing Business: Budapest, the soul of Central Europe, International Herald Tribune, August 4th, 2004
86 Unesco World Heritage Centre, Unesco.org, World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List, June 26th, 2002
87 European Rail Guide (2008), Budapest City Guide
88 World's Top 100 Most Livable Cities, Mercer Human Resource Consulting 2006, Business Week
89 Asia Center Budapest, Brochure, 2003
90 Asia Center Budapest, brochure, 2005/2006
91 Asia Center Budapest, Official Website
92 Hexter, Jimmy & Wetzel, Jonathan, R. (2007), Operation China: From Strategy to Execution, Harvard Business School Press, December 2007.
93 Hexter, Jimmy and Wetzel, Jonathan, R. (2007), Bringing best practice to China, The McKinsey Quarterly, Operations, 2007, Number 4, p. 1 -3, p. 7
94 Orr, Gordon R. (2004), What executives are asking about China, The McKinsey Quarterly, December 2004
95 BMC Business Media China AG (2007), Investor's Handbook, Sept. 2007, p. 14-23
96 Barge, Peter (2006), The Little Book of Big Decisions, cover, backside: Beng, Kwek Leng, Executive Chairman, City Developments Limited
97 DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade , Market Information and Analysis Section
98 Chinability (2008), Source: State Administration of Foreign Exchange, People's Republic of China
99 Window of China, www.chinaview.cn, Sept. 12th, 2007
100 Goldman Sachs, Report, Sept. 2005
101 Orr, Gordon R (2004), Why thrifty is no longer so nifty, Financial Times, Dec. 15th, 2004
102 Zhang Ran (2006), China Daily, Jan. 17th, 2006
103 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES; EU-CHINA: Closer partners, growing responsibilities, Brussels, Oct. 24th, 2006
104 CASS: Chinese middle class swelling, Xinhua, March 30th, 2004
105 F(?)rrell, Diana, Gersch, Ulrich A.,, Stephenson, Elizabeth (2006), The value of China's emerging middle class, The McKinsey Quarterly, June 2006
106 OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2004): Japanese household consumption was USD 2.7 trillion in 2004
107 Consumer Expenditure Survey 2002, U.S. Census Bureau
108 McKinsey & Company's proprietary 2004 personal-financial-services surveys in China.
109 China Statistical Yearbook 2004, National Bureau of Statistics of China Household Income and Expenditure Survey
110 Lane, Kevin P., St-Maurice, Ian, The Chinese consumer: To spend or to save ?, The McKinsey Quarterly 2006, Number 1, p. 6-8
111 IMF International Monetary Fund
112 CCPIT China Council For The Promotion Of International Trade, Beijing
113 Biztradeshows.com
114 Wikipedia - Tianjin -
115 EADS Airbus, Official Press Release, October 26, 2006
116 Tianjin Enorth Netnews, June 20th, 2005
117 China Daily (2007), China opens largest free-trade harbor area in Tianjin, Xinhua, Dec. 2007
118 Lin Lin (2007), Biz China, CRIENGLISH.com, Dec. 25th, 2007
119 GMPC Global Market Place (2007), brochure, March 2007
120 People's Daily, Bullet Train to Shuttle Between Beijing, Tianjin, Oct. 15th, 2000
121 Startuplay, A Guide to China Internet Market, Aug. 29th, 2007
122 Thubron, Colin (2006), Shadow of the Silk Road, The Observer, Sept. 17th, 2006
123 Mayer, Chris (2007), New Silk Road: The Surge in Trade between the Middle East and Asia, The Daily Reckoning, May 25th, 2007
124 Liangxiang, Jin (2005), "Energy First: China and the Middle East," Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2005, pp. 3-10.
125 Pant, Harsh V. (2006), Middle East Forum, The Middle East Quarterly, Fall 2006, p. 45-52
126 Associated Press, Jan. 23, 2006
127 Callick, Rowan (2006), China correspondent of The Australian Business, Nov. 29th, 2006
128 United Arab Emirates Yearbook for 2007, p. 9, p. 15-16,
129 World Gazatteer: UAE, Metropolitan Areas
130 D Long, B Reich, The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa. D Long, p. 157
131 Dubai Healthcare City, An Eonomic Profile of Dubai
132 AME Info, Middle East Business Resource, Oil share dips in Dubai GDP, 9th June 2007
133 ArabianBusiness.com: Dubai economy set to treble by 2015, 3rd February 2007
134 Dubai map with upcoming freehold developments
135 Davis, Mike (2006), Fear and money in Dubai, New Left Review 41, pp. 47-68
136 USAToday.com: "Dubai - Overview", retrieved 22 July, 2007
137 Uae.gov.ae: UAE Oil and Gas
138 Dubai Chamber of Commerce (2003), Prospects of Dubai Economic Sectors
139 "Dubayy" (Dubai), Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
140 DIFC (2008), Official Website, www.difc.ae
141 Basic Vital Statistical Indicators - Emirate of Dubai
142 BBC British Braodcasting Corporation: World's Tallest Hotel Opens Its Doors, Dec 1st, 1999
143 BBC, Samsung to build tallest building, Dec. 9th, 2004
144 AME Info, Middle East Business Resource: Dubai International -world's fastest growing airport in 2007. Jan. 9th, 2008
145 World's Busiest Airports - Preliminary Airport Traffic Results for 2006 Rankings (PDF), Airports Council International, March 7th, 2007
146 AFP, Nov. 5th, 2007
147 Fleet of new buses for Dubai, www.7days.ae, March 12th, 2007
148 Dubai Municipality signs Dhs 12.45 billion Metro contract. Dubai Metro. May 29th, 2005
149 Pacific Controls (2007), Technology for Sustainable Development: About Dubai
150 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Oct. 12th, 2003
151 AME Info, Middle East Business Resource, Febr. 23rd, 2008
152 AME Info, Middle East Business Resource, Jan 29th, 2007
153 Alibaba.com, Apr. 29th, 2007
154 Dragon Mart Directory, Dubai, p. 4 - 5
155 NAKHEEL (2008), Official Website
156 AME Info, U.A.E., Chinamex, Dec. 5th, 2004
157 Eqarat.com (2004), News
158 Xinhua, April 11, 2007
159 People's Daily Online, December 8th, 2004
160 EmiratesFreeZones.com, 2004
161 Dubaicity-online-guide (2008), What to Do in Dubai - Dubai Dragon Mart.
162 Business Report, AFP, January 28th, 2006
163 TRUEDUBAI, Dragon Mart, July 2006
164 AME-lnfo (2008)-press release: Dragon Mart is taking final shape.
165 TRUEDUBAI, Dragon Mart, pictures by Stefan Zwanzger & Jessica Franz, July 2006
166 Black text background pictures: Brian McMorrow, March 2005
2 Elisseeff, Vadime (2001), The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce., Berghahn Books
3 Wikipedia (2008), Silk Road
4 Clemmer, Jim & McNeil, Art (1990), Leadership skills for every manager, London, p. 16 - 17, p. 27 - 28, p. 246
5 Bogaschewski, Ronald (2006), China Sourcing Survey 2006, Wuerzburg, p. 2, p. 23, p. 48,
6 BCG (2007), Sourcing from China, The Boston Consulting Group
7 China Statistical Yearbook (2006), BCG analysis
8 Wild, Oliver (1992), The Silk Road
9 Hirst, Kris K. (2008), Along the Silk Road, Your Guide to Archaeology; about.com: Archaeology
10 The Silk Road Foundation (2000 & 2008), www.silk-road.com
11 Great Silk Road (2008): Stream of life, www.sairamtour.com
12 Walz, Hans-Juergen (2008), PhD-Thesis: The New Path of Trade between Asia & Europe - The Conception of a MAGIC TRIANGLE, Chapters 3-5.
13 Eno, R. (2006), The Reign of Wu-Di, 140-87, Indiana University, History G380
14 The Silk Road (2006): East meets West: How untold wonders, knowledge, and even death traveled the ancient world, The Free Library by Farlex, www.thefreelibrary.com
15 Zhou Wei Ping (2006), Marco Polo's SILK Road, Mysterious China, DVD series, part two.
16 Wood, Frances (2003), The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia, with ref. to Richthofen, Ferdinand (1877)
17 Cherry, Ron (1993), SERICULTURE, Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am. (35:83-84), first issue: June 1993
18 Akhmedov, Sarvar (2008), Millenniums of silk triumph, Uzbekistan Today, Jan. 18th, 2008
19 The Kushan Empire (ca. 2nd Century B.C.-3rd century A.D.) (2008), Department of Asian Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, www.metmuseum.org
20 Lendering, Jona (1997/2006), Silk road, www.livius.org
21 The Silk Road: A Larger View (2008), Monks and Merchants, Asia Society, www.asiasociety.org
22 Chaw, Charles (2006), China Business Guide, Singapore, p. 12, p. 33, p. 140
23 Christensen, Clayton (1997/2003), The Innovator's Dilemma, New York, p. 165
24 Smith, David (2007), THE DRAGON AND THE ELEPHANT, London, p. 8 - 9, p. 13 -14, p. 23 - 24, p. 34, p. 39 - 40, p. 53, p. 55,
25 McGeary, Johanna (1997), TIME Magazine, The Next China, March 3rd, 1997
26 Deng Xiaoping in Smith, David (2007), p. 34
27 Naisbitt, John (1996), Megatrends Asia, New York, cover, backside, p. 12, p. 17-18, p. 20, p. 23, p. 26, p. 47 - 48, p. 84, p. 87, p. 121, p. 126, p. 175, p. p. 185 - 186, p. 188, p. 195, p. 233, p. 249
28 Sieren, Frank (2005), DER CHINA CODE, Berlin, p. 147, p. 222, p. 332,
29 World Trade Centers Association, Slogan (Trademark), Official Website 2008
30 CHINAdaily (2007), China takes on the world, Jan. 18th, 2007 with ref. to Elliot Michael, Time Magazine, Jan. 11th, 2007
31 Madison, Angus (2001), THE WORLD ECONOMY: A MILLENIAL PERSPECTIVE, OECD, Paris
32 Desai, Meghnad (2003), 'India and China, An Essay in Comparative Political Economy', paper for the IMF Conference on India/China, Dehli, April 2003
33 Woodall, Pam (2005), Trom T-shirts to T-bonds', Economist, London, 28th July 2005
34 Tian Le (2006), China Daily, President Hu: History key to improving relations, Oct. 9th, 2006
35 Sandschneider, Eberhard Prof. Dr. (2006), Council on Foreign Relations
36 Krueger, Anne (2005), 'China and the Global Economic Recovery', speech to the American Enterprise Institute, 10th Jan. 2005, IMF, Washington D.C.
37 Barge, Peter (2006), The Little Book of Big Decisions, p. 50
38 Smith, Adam, (1776), The Wealth of Nations, Book IV, Section ii, 12
39 Ricardo, David (1817), On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
40 Ricardo, David (1821 - 3rd edition), On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, Chapter 2: On Rent; Chapter 5: Of Wages; Chapter 7: On Foreign Trade
41 Fusfeld, Daniel R. "Ricardo, David." The World Book Encyclopedia", 1990
42 Henderson, David R. "David Ricardo."The Fortune Encyclopedia of Economics", 1993.
43 St. Clair, Oswald. "A Key to Ricardo", New York: Augustus M. Kelly, 1965.
44 Krugman, Paul & Wells, Robin (2005), Microeconomics (Canadian Edition), International Trade, Chapter 17-7, Chapter 17-8, Chapter 17-9, Chapter 17-26, Chapter 17-29
45 Heckscher, E. (1919), The effect of foreign trade on the distribution of income. Ekonomisk Tidskriff, 497-512. Translated as chapter 13 in American Economic Association, Readings in the Theory of International Trade, Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1949, 272-300.
46 Ohlin, B. (1933), Interregional and International Trade. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1966.
47 Karp, L. (2005), International Trade, Chapter 3, The Ricardo-Viner Model
48 Krugman, Paul, Incidents from my career, Second Chapter: Finding a vision (rel.to 1976)
49 Ethier, W. (1982) "National and International Returns to Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade", American Economic Review, vol 72, no 3, pp. 389-405.
50 Krugman, P. (1984) "Import Protection as Export Protection", in Kierkowski(ed)(1984).
51 Krugman, P. (1986) Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics, Cambridge: MIT Press.
52 Eatwell, John (1987), Returns to Scale, The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, pp. 165-66
53 Deraniyagala, Sonali and Fine, Ben (2001): New Trade Theory Versus Old Trade Policy: A Continuing Enigma, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 25, pp.809-825, 2001
54 Blinder, Alan S. (2002), Free Trade, The Consise Encyclopedia of Economics, www.econlib.org
55 Encyclopedia Britannica-online (2008), Theory of Production, www.britannica.com
56 Krugman, Paul (2007), First, Do Less Harm, Commentary, NY Times, Economist's View, Jan. 05th, 2007
57 Grossman, G. and Helpman E. (1991), Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Cambridge, MIT Press
58 Grossman, Gene & Horn, Henrik (1988), Infant-Industry Protection Reconsidered: The Case of Informational Barriers to Entry
59 Alpha C. Chiang and Kevin Wainwright (2005). Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin
60 Economics: A-Z (2008), Network Effect, www.economist.com
61 Solow, Robert M., (1998), Monopolistic Competition and Macroeconomic Theory, Cambridge University Press
62 Isard, Walter (1954), "Location Theory and Trade Theory: Short-Run Analysis". Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 68, 1954, p. 305-322.
63 Martin, Ron & Sunley, Peter (1996), Paul Krugman's Geographical Economics and Its Implications for Regional Development Theory: A Critical Assessment, in: Economic Geography, Volume 72, Issue 3, July 1996, pp. 259-292
64 Krugman, Paul & Wells, Robin (2005), Microeconomics (Canadian Edition), International Trade
65 Krugman, Paul (1995), Development, geography and economic theory, Cambridge: MIT Press
66 Krugman, Paul (1991), Geography and trade, Leuven: Leuven University Press
67 Mandelson, Peter (2006), China, European Commission-External Trade, Oct. 24th, 2006
68 Mandelson, Peter, Competition and Partnership, EU TRADE ISSUES, 2006
69 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES; EU-CHINA: Closer partners, growing responsibilities, Brussels, Oct. 24th, 2006
70 China Import & Export Forecast Report, 2007, Beijing RIC Information Consulting Co. Ltd., Oct. 2007
71 Wikipedia (2008) - European Union -
72 Gate to Asia, Project Summary and Project Management, Duisburg, 2005
73 SIEMENS, Corporate Website
74 City of Duisburg, Official Website
75 Kohl & Fromme, Architekten, Duisburg, 2005 - 2007
76 International Accreditation Forum, IAF Quality Manual 2002, Index, Issue 1 version 1
77 TUEV North (TUEV Nord), Certification Systems, 2005/2006
78 TUEV NORD, Product Management System TN 49000, 2005/2006
79 Wikipedia - Budapest - 2008
80 Encyclopaedia Britannica -online-, www.britannica.com, March 2008
81 Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Social and economic parameters of Budapest, 2007
82 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, Budapest, 1910 -1911
83 ICOMOS, Int. Council on Monuments and Sites, World Heritage List No. 400, Nomination of the banks of Danube and the district of the Buda Castle, April 24th, 1986
84 Lyman, Rick, Budapest is Stealing Some of Prague's Spotlight, The New York Times, Sept. 3rd, 2006
85 Gruber, Ruth Ellen, Doing Business: Budapest, the soul of Central Europe, International Herald Tribune, August 4th, 2004
86 Unesco World Heritage Centre, Unesco.org, World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List, June 26th, 2002
87 European Rail Guide (2008), Budapest City Guide
88 World's Top 100 Most Livable Cities, Mercer Human Resource Consulting 2006, Business Week
89 Asia Center Budapest, Brochure, 2003
90 Asia Center Budapest, brochure, 2005/2006
91 Asia Center Budapest, Official Website
92 Hexter, Jimmy & Wetzel, Jonathan, R. (2007), Operation China: From Strategy to Execution, Harvard Business School Press, December 2007.
93 Hexter, Jimmy and Wetzel, Jonathan, R. (2007), Bringing best practice to China, The McKinsey Quarterly, Operations, 2007, Number 4, p. 1 -3, p. 7
94 Orr, Gordon R. (2004), What executives are asking about China, The McKinsey Quarterly, December 2004
95 BMC Business Media China AG (2007), Investor's Handbook, Sept. 2007, p. 14-23
96 Barge, Peter (2006), The Little Book of Big Decisions, cover, backside: Beng, Kwek Leng, Executive Chairman, City Developments Limited
97 DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade , Market Information and Analysis Section
98 Chinability (2008), Source: State Administration of Foreign Exchange, People's Republic of China
99 Window of China, www.chinaview.cn, Sept. 12th, 2007
100 Goldman Sachs, Report, Sept. 2005
101 Orr, Gordon R (2004), Why thrifty is no longer so nifty, Financial Times, Dec. 15th, 2004
102 Zhang Ran (2006), China Daily, Jan. 17th, 2006
103 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES; EU-CHINA: Closer partners, growing responsibilities, Brussels, Oct. 24th, 2006
104 CASS: Chinese middle class swelling, Xinhua, March 30th, 2004
105 F(?)rrell, Diana, Gersch, Ulrich A.,, Stephenson, Elizabeth (2006), The value of China's emerging middle class, The McKinsey Quarterly, June 2006
106 OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2004): Japanese household consumption was USD 2.7 trillion in 2004
107 Consumer Expenditure Survey 2002, U.S. Census Bureau
108 McKinsey & Company's proprietary 2004 personal-financial-services surveys in China.
109 China Statistical Yearbook 2004, National Bureau of Statistics of China Household Income and Expenditure Survey
110 Lane, Kevin P., St-Maurice, Ian, The Chinese consumer: To spend or to save ?, The McKinsey Quarterly 2006, Number 1, p. 6-8
111 IMF International Monetary Fund
112 CCPIT China Council For The Promotion Of International Trade, Beijing
113 Biztradeshows.com
114 Wikipedia - Tianjin -
115 EADS Airbus, Official Press Release, October 26, 2006
116 Tianjin Enorth Netnews, June 20th, 2005
117 China Daily (2007), China opens largest free-trade harbor area in Tianjin, Xinhua, Dec. 2007
118 Lin Lin (2007), Biz China, CRIENGLISH.com, Dec. 25th, 2007
119 GMPC Global Market Place (2007), brochure, March 2007
120 People's Daily, Bullet Train to Shuttle Between Beijing, Tianjin, Oct. 15th, 2000
121 Startuplay, A Guide to China Internet Market, Aug. 29th, 2007
122 Thubron, Colin (2006), Shadow of the Silk Road, The Observer, Sept. 17th, 2006
123 Mayer, Chris (2007), New Silk Road: The Surge in Trade between the Middle East and Asia, The Daily Reckoning, May 25th, 2007
124 Liangxiang, Jin (2005), "Energy First: China and the Middle East," Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2005, pp. 3-10.
125 Pant, Harsh V. (2006), Middle East Forum, The Middle East Quarterly, Fall 2006, p. 45-52
126 Associated Press, Jan. 23, 2006
127 Callick, Rowan (2006), China correspondent of The Australian Business, Nov. 29th, 2006
128 United Arab Emirates Yearbook for 2007, p. 9, p. 15-16,
129 World Gazatteer: UAE, Metropolitan Areas
130 D Long, B Reich, The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa. D Long, p. 157
131 Dubai Healthcare City, An Eonomic Profile of Dubai
132 AME Info, Middle East Business Resource, Oil share dips in Dubai GDP, 9th June 2007
133 ArabianBusiness.com: Dubai economy set to treble by 2015, 3rd February 2007
134 Dubai map with upcoming freehold developments
135 Davis, Mike (2006), Fear and money in Dubai, New Left Review 41, pp. 47-68
136 USAToday.com: "Dubai - Overview", retrieved 22 July, 2007
137 Uae.gov.ae: UAE Oil and Gas
138 Dubai Chamber of Commerce (2003), Prospects of Dubai Economic Sectors
139 "Dubayy" (Dubai), Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
140 DIFC (2008), Official Website, www.difc.ae
141 Basic Vital Statistical Indicators - Emirate of Dubai
142 BBC British Braodcasting Corporation: World's Tallest Hotel Opens Its Doors, Dec 1st, 1999
143 BBC, Samsung to build tallest building, Dec. 9th, 2004
144 AME Info, Middle East Business Resource: Dubai International -world's fastest growing airport in 2007. Jan. 9th, 2008
145 World's Busiest Airports - Preliminary Airport Traffic Results for 2006 Rankings (PDF), Airports Council International, March 7th, 2007
146 AFP, Nov. 5th, 2007
147 Fleet of new buses for Dubai, www.7days.ae, March 12th, 2007
148 Dubai Municipality signs Dhs 12.45 billion Metro contract. Dubai Metro. May 29th, 2005
149 Pacific Controls (2007), Technology for Sustainable Development: About Dubai
150 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Oct. 12th, 2003
151 AME Info, Middle East Business Resource, Febr. 23rd, 2008
152 AME Info, Middle East Business Resource, Jan 29th, 2007
153 Alibaba.com, Apr. 29th, 2007
154 Dragon Mart Directory, Dubai, p. 4 - 5
155 NAKHEEL (2008), Official Website
156 AME Info, U.A.E., Chinamex, Dec. 5th, 2004
157 Eqarat.com (2004), News
158 Xinhua, April 11, 2007
159 People's Daily Online, December 8th, 2004
160 EmiratesFreeZones.com, 2004
161 Dubaicity-online-guide (2008), What to Do in Dubai - Dubai Dragon Mart.
162 Business Report, AFP, January 28th, 2006
163 TRUEDUBAI, Dragon Mart, July 2006
164 AME-lnfo (2008)-press release: Dragon Mart is taking final shape.
165 TRUEDUBAI, Dragon Mart, pictures by Stefan Zwanzger & Jessica Franz, July 2006
166 Black text background pictures: Brian McMorrow, March 2005