基于GIS的钉螺螺情信息系统的设计与研究
摘要
血吸虫病是严重危害人民身体健康,阻碍社会经济发展的地方性传染病。钉螺作为血吸虫唯一的中间宿主,其地理分布决定了血吸虫的空间分布。为了掌握钉螺的分布,并对血吸虫病进行实时、有效的监控与防治,因此,开发基于GIS的钉螺螺情信息系统是血防工作的需要,对血吸虫的防治具有重大意义,这正是本论文的切入点和研究意义。
本系统是应用GIS技术、GPS技术、组件式开发技术、计算机软件技术和数据库技术,以美国ESRI公司的ArcGIS软件为基础,利用Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0为开发工具进行ArcGIS的二次开发,结合人工系统查螺方法建立的螺情信息管理系统。系统实现了螺情格网图的绘制与编辑、空间数据库的管理、螺情分布范围和密度的分层显示、螺情数据的查询与统计、GPS定位和轨迹跟踪等几大功能。该系统填补了湘江流域长沙段钉螺螺情电子矢量地图的空白,为钉螺防治工作提供了一个高效的信息平台。
本系统主要有三个特点。第一,钉螺螺情分布矢量图层显示的是各洲滩各个指定范围的方格(即格网)中的钉螺数目并按照网格钉螺数目以不同的颜色显示钉螺分布的密度,本研究所采用的这种网格显示钉螺分布方式能够确定具体的地理空间位置上的钉螺数,这样就能够以格网为单位进行各种分析。第二,系统的功能实现与地图独立,系统的应用不局限于具体的某个区域和特定的数据,从而具有一定的通用性。第三,首次以格网图的方式对湘江流域长沙段2005年至2008年的钉螺螺情信息进行了展示,极大地方便了后续的空间分析工作。
Schistosomiasis is an endemic infectious disease that seriously harms the health of the people and hinders the socio-economic development.Oncomelania,the only intermediate host of schistosoma,whose geographical distribution determines the spatial distribution of schistosoma.In order to predominate the distribution of snails and effectively monitor schistosomiasis in real-time,it is urgently required to develop the snail information system based on GIS,and also this is the very starting point and the research significance of this paper.
Using GIS,GPS and some other technologies,such as component development,computer software and database,the system is made in secondary development with Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0,which is based on existing methods of investigation. Some functions,including snail grid mapping and editing, spatial database management,snail distribution and density stratification display,snail information query and statistic, GPS positioning and trajectory tracking and so on,are made. The system fills the blank of snail information electronic vector map of Changsha along Xiangjiang River and provides an efficient information platform for prevention and control of the snail.
The system has three features.Firstly,the number of snails in each denoted area's grid is displayed,meanwhile,the distribution density of snails is revealed in different colors according to its number.Using grid to show the distribution of snails can tell us the number of the snails in a particular geographical position.And in this way,various grid-based analysis can be done.Secondly,this system is not limited to specific region and data,and thus it can be widely applied in other areas because its realization is independent of the map. Thirdly,the information of snails in the section of Changsha of Xiangjiang valley from 2005 to 2008 is displayed for the first time in the way of grid diagram,which greatly benefits the following spatial analytical work.
本系统是应用GIS技术、GPS技术、组件式开发技术、计算机软件技术和数据库技术,以美国ESRI公司的ArcGIS软件为基础,利用Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0为开发工具进行ArcGIS的二次开发,结合人工系统查螺方法建立的螺情信息管理系统。系统实现了螺情格网图的绘制与编辑、空间数据库的管理、螺情分布范围和密度的分层显示、螺情数据的查询与统计、GPS定位和轨迹跟踪等几大功能。该系统填补了湘江流域长沙段钉螺螺情电子矢量地图的空白,为钉螺防治工作提供了一个高效的信息平台。
本系统主要有三个特点。第一,钉螺螺情分布矢量图层显示的是各洲滩各个指定范围的方格(即格网)中的钉螺数目并按照网格钉螺数目以不同的颜色显示钉螺分布的密度,本研究所采用的这种网格显示钉螺分布方式能够确定具体的地理空间位置上的钉螺数,这样就能够以格网为单位进行各种分析。第二,系统的功能实现与地图独立,系统的应用不局限于具体的某个区域和特定的数据,从而具有一定的通用性。第三,首次以格网图的方式对湘江流域长沙段2005年至2008年的钉螺螺情信息进行了展示,极大地方便了后续的空间分析工作。
Schistosomiasis is an endemic infectious disease that seriously harms the health of the people and hinders the socio-economic development.Oncomelania,the only intermediate host of schistosoma,whose geographical distribution determines the spatial distribution of schistosoma.In order to predominate the distribution of snails and effectively monitor schistosomiasis in real-time,it is urgently required to develop the snail information system based on GIS,and also this is the very starting point and the research significance of this paper.
Using GIS,GPS and some other technologies,such as component development,computer software and database,the system is made in secondary development with Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0,which is based on existing methods of investigation. Some functions,including snail grid mapping and editing, spatial database management,snail distribution and density stratification display,snail information query and statistic, GPS positioning and trajectory tracking and so on,are made. The system fills the blank of snail information electronic vector map of Changsha along Xiangjiang River and provides an efficient information platform for prevention and control of the snail.
The system has three features.Firstly,the number of snails in each denoted area's grid is displayed,meanwhile,the distribution density of snails is revealed in different colors according to its number.Using grid to show the distribution of snails can tell us the number of the snails in a particular geographical position.And in this way,various grid-based analysis can be done.Secondly,this system is not limited to specific region and data,and thus it can be widely applied in other areas because its realization is independent of the map. Thirdly,the information of snails in the section of Changsha of Xiangjiang valley from 2005 to 2008 is displayed for the first time in the way of grid diagram,which greatly benefits the following spatial analytical work.
引文
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[4]刘年猛,沈建明等.2003～2007年湘江长沙段洲滩钉螺分布调查[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2008,20(2):121-124.
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[7]刘刚,黄琼瑶,彭飞等.基于GIS技术网格定点式螺情信息系统的开发与应用[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2007,19(4):296-298.
[8]Zukowski,S.H.& J.B.Malone.Fasciolissis in cattle in Louisiana,Development of a system to use soil maps in a geographical information system to estimate disease risk on Louisiana coastal marsh rangeland[J].Vet Parasitol,1993,(47):51-65.
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[15]Abdel-Rahman,M.S.&J.B.Malone.Development and validation of a satellites based geographic information system(GIS) model for epidemiology of Schistosoma risk assessment on snail level in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate[J].Egypt Soc Parasitol,1997,27(2):299-311.
[16]Yousif F,M.el-Emam,A.Abdel Kader,&C.Shiff.schistosomiasis in newly reclaimed areas in Egypt.2-patterns of transmission[J].Egypt Soc Parasitol,1999,29(2):635-648.
[17]Lwambo N.J.,J.E.Siza,S.Brooker,D.A.Bundy,&H.Guyatt.Patterns of concurrent hookworm infection and schistosomiasis in schoolchildren in Tanania[J].TransR Soc Trov Med Hgy,1999,93(5):497-502.
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[26]谭子芳.基于RS/GIS的洞庭湖区江滩钉螺分布的环境因子及空间特征研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2006:1-29.
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[29]赛晓勇.应用RS/GIS和统计模型分析退田还湖对血吸虫病传播的影响[D].西安:第四军医大学,2004:1-30.
[30]汪天平,周晓农等.地理信息系统(GIS)用于江苏、安徽和江西省血吸虫病流行预测的研究[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2004,2(16):86-88.
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[2]周晓农,姜庆五,汪天平等.我国血吸虫病防治与监测[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2005,3(17):161-165.
[3]吴光华,于明明.抗洪施工部队血吸虫病急性感染的预防[J].中国公共卫生杂志,1999,15(2):94-95.
[4]刘年猛,沈建明等.2003～2007年湘江长沙段洲滩钉螺分布调查[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2008,20(2):121-124.
[5]何战英,郭家钢.GIS/RS与血吸虫病[J].国外医学寄生虫病分册,2005,32(1):55-58.
[6]牛红峰,余晴,鲍子平.全球定位系统和地理信息系统在血吸虫病监测中的应用研究[J].中华预防医学杂志,2006,10(40):229-232.
[7]刘刚,黄琼瑶,彭飞等.基于GIS技术网格定点式螺情信息系统的开发与应用[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2007,19(4):296-298.
[8]Zukowski,S.H.& J.B.Malone.Fasciolissis in cattle in Louisiana,Development of a system to use soil maps in a geographical information system to estimate disease risk on Louisiana coastal marsh rangeland[J].Vet Parasitol,1993,(47):51-65.
[9]Cross,E.R.,R.Perrine.& C.Sheffield.Predicting areas endemic for schistosomiasis using weather variables and a Landsat database[J].Military Medicine,1984,(10):542-544.
[10]Maszle,D.R.,P.G.Vjhitehead,R.C.Johnson&R.C.Spear.Hydrological studies of schistosomiasis transport in Sichuan Province,China[J].SciTocal Environ,1998,216(3):193-203.
[11]Malone,J.B.Geographic information systems and the distribution of schistosoma in the Nile delta[N].Parasitology Today,1997,13(3):112-119.
[12]Malone,J.B.,J.M.Yilma,J.C.McCarroll,B.Erko,& S.Mukaratirwa.Satellite climatology and the environmental risk of Schistosoma mansoni in Ethiopia and east Africa[J].Acta Trop,2001,79(1):59-72.
[13]Malone,J.B.,D.P.Feher,&A.F.Loyacano.Use of LANDSAT MSS Imagery and soil type in a Geographic Infoumation System to asess site-specific risk of fascioliasis on Louisiana Coastal Ranges[J].Veterinary Parasitology,1992,47(10):51-65.
[14]Bavia,M,J.B.Malone,H.Dewitt.&M.Simon.Geographic information systems and the envionment risk ofschistosomiasis in Bahia,Brazial[J].Am.J.Med.Hgy,1999,60(4):566-572.
[15]Abdel-Rahman,M.S.&J.B.Malone.Development and validation of a satellites based geographic information system(GIS) model for epidemiology of Schistosoma risk assessment on snail level in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate[J].Egypt Soc Parasitol,1997,27(2):299-311.
[16]Yousif F,M.el-Emam,A.Abdel Kader,&C.Shiff.schistosomiasis in newly reclaimed areas in Egypt.2-patterns of transmission[J].Egypt Soc Parasitol,1999,29(2):635-648.
[17]Lwambo N.J.,J.E.Siza,S.Brooker,D.A.Bundy,&H.Guyatt.Patterns of concurrent hookworm infection and schistosomiasis in schoolchildren in Tanania[J].TransR Soc Trov Med Hgy,1999,93(5):497-502.
[18]周晓农,孙乐平等.地理信息系统应用于血吸虫病检测Ⅱ——流行程度预测[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,1999,11(5):263-266.
[19]周晓农,胡晓抒,孙宁生,等.地理信息系统应用于血吸虫病的监测Ⅲ——遥感监测江滩钉螺孳生[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂,1999,11(4):199-202.
[20]郑英杰,钟久河,刘志德等.应用地理信息系统分析洲滩钉螺的分布[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,1998,10(2):69-72.
[21]周毅等.地理信息系统(GIS)与空间分析在大山区血吸虫病传播与控制研究中的应用[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,1999,11(5):263-266.
[22]周晓农,汪天平等.中国血吸虫病流行现状分析[J].中国流行病学杂志,2004,7(25):555-558.
[23]郭家钢,林丹丹,胡广汉等.应用遥感技术快速确定鄱阳湖区钉螺孽生地的研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2002,23(2):99-101.
[24]张治英.应用RS/GSI研究江宁县江滩钉螺分布及其监测[D].西安:第四军医大学,2003:1-31.
[25]孙志东.江宁部队驻地血吸虫中间宿主钉螺分布的地理信息系统的建立及其应用[D].西安:第四军医大学,2002:1-50.
[26]谭子芳.基于RS/GIS的洞庭湖区江滩钉螺分布的环境因子及空间特征研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2006:1-29.
[27]张波.江宁县钉螺分布与遥感卫星图像中植被指数之间关系的研究[D].西安:第四军医大学,2002:1-31.
[28]李召军.鄱阳湖区植被与钉螺分布关系的研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2007:1-19.
[29]赛晓勇.应用RS/GIS和统计模型分析退田还湖对血吸虫病传播的影响[D].西安:第四军医大学,2004:1-30.
[30]汪天平,周晓农等.地理信息系统(GIS)用于江苏、安徽和江西省血吸虫病流行预测的研究[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2004,2(16):86-88.
[31]刘刚.基于GIS复杂地形格网化模型的研究与应用[J].湖南师大自然科学学报,2008,10(12):26-28.
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