小鼠睾丸特异性表达基因TSEG-2的功能初步研究
|
摘要
第一部分TSEG-2基因真核表达载体的构建及其在细胞内的表达
目的：构建睾丸特异表达基因2 (testis specific expressed gene 2, TSEG-2)的真核表达载体,探讨TSEG-2在细胞中的表达及其生物学功能。
方法：以小鼠睾丸组织cDNA为模版,设计携带HindⅢ和BamHⅠ酶切位点的引物序列,聚合酶链反应扩增基因片段,克隆至携带增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1;在阳离子聚合物聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的介导下,重组质粒转染体外培养的精母细胞株GC-2spd,荧光显微镜下观察TSEG-2基因在细胞内的表达定位,MTT法测定细胞生长活性,AO/EB荧光染色法、Hoechst 33258荧光染色法、Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,JC-1染色流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电位,实时定量PCR测定Fas、Bcl-2、Bax表达水平。
结果：.成功构建了TSEG-2与EGFP的融合表达载体pEGFP-TSEG2,转染GC-2spd细胞后可见胞浆内绿色荧光蛋白表达。转染pEGFP-TSEG2 48h后,GC-2spd细胞生长抑制39.2%(P<0.05),出现细胞凋亡形态学改变,凋亡率为28.3%(P<0.05)；线粒体膜电位显著低于对照组(P<0.05), GC-2spd细胞中Fas和Bcl-2的表达下调,而Bax的表达上调。
结论：成功构建TSEG-2基因的真核表达载体,在精母细胞株中表达并促进细胞凋亡,并提示TEGS-2可能通过内源性凋亡途径诱导细胞凋亡。为进一步在细胞和动物水平开展TSEG-2功能研究奠定了基础。
第二部分TSEG-2基因在小鼠睾丸扭转复位模型中的表达特征
目的探讨睾丸特异表达基因2(testis specific expressed gene 2,TSEG-2)在小鼠睾丸扭转复位模型中的表达特征。
方法昆明小鼠36只,随机分组为对照组(6只)、假手术组(6只)、单侧睾丸扭转复位实验组(24只)。实验组分为2组,每组12只,左侧睾丸扭转720度维持2 h,分别于复位后1、7天取扭转侧睾丸。采用HE染色、原位末端标记技术(TUNEL)观察睾丸组织形态改变；黄嘌呤氧化酶法、硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)活性；原位杂交法观测TSEG-2在睾丸生精细胞内的表达定位；实时定量PCR法检测TSEG-2基因在睾丸组织中的表达水平。
结果对照组和假手术组生精上皮排列规则,扭转复位后1、7天的睾丸组织内生精上皮结构松散,出现生精细胞凋亡,Johnsen's评分分别降低23.4％、64.1％(P<0.01),SOD活性降低11.6％、22.2％(P<0.05),MDA活性升高69.6％、93.2％(P<0.01)。TSEG-2基因表达定位于小鼠睾丸生精小管的精原细胞和精母细胞。与对照组比较,扭转复位1、7天后睾丸组织内TSEG-2表达水平分别上调2.2倍、6.6倍(P<0.01)
结论成功建立小鼠睾丸扭转复位模型,TSEG-2表达上调可能与抗氧化酶活性下降、生精细胞凋亡有关。
第三部分睾丸特异性基因TSEG-2在隐睾模型中的表达及其在生精细胞凋亡中的作用
目的进一步探讨睾丸特异表达基因2(testis specific expressed gene 2,TSEG-2)的功能及其在隐睾模型中的表达特点。
方法35只BALB/C小鼠(8周龄)随机分组为单侧手术隐睾组(20只)、假手术组(10只)、空白对照组(5只)。在手术隐睾组中,将右侧睾丸固定于腹壁内侧。real-timePCR法检测TSEG-2基因在隐睾模型中的表达特点。在聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的介导下,采用睾丸内注射方法,将重组载体pEGFP-TSEG-2(n=5)和空载体(n=5)转染至正常雄性小鼠睾丸,荧光显微镜观测转染效率,TUNEL法检测生精细胞凋亡。
结果原位杂交显示TSEG-2 mRNA表达定位于小鼠睾丸生精小管的精原细胞和精母细胞。与假手术组和对照组比较,隐睾组睾丸组织内TSEG-2表达显著上调(P<0.05),生精细胞凋亡比例增高(P<0.05)。PEI能有效介导TSEG-2转染至曲精小管,转染1周后生精细胞凋亡显著增多(P<0.05)。
结论这些结果提示TSEG-2可能参与了生精细胞的凋亡和隐睾的病理过程。
Part 1 Construction of the eukaryotic expression vector of TSEG-2 and its expression within cultured cells
Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of TSEG-2 and explore its expression and function in cultured cells.
Methods TSEG-2 gene fragment with restrictive sites Hind III BamH I was cloned from mouse testis cDNA by RT-PCR, and was inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1. Under the induction of polyethylenimine, the recombinant vector was transfected into cultured spermatocyte GC-2spd cells. The expression of TSEG-2 was observed under a flurosecent microscopy. The cell viabilities of GC-2spd were observed by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was inspected by AO/EB fluorescent staining, Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining, and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining flow cytometry. the mitochondrial membrane potential in TSEG-2-transferred GC-2spd cells was revealed by JC-1 staining flow cytometry.The mRNA levels of Fas, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by real-time PCR.
Results The fusion expression vector pEGFP-TSEG2 was constructed. Forty-eight hours post-transfetion, fusion protein expression was observed in the cytoplasm of cultured cells. Transfection of TSEG-2 into spermatocyte GC-2spd cells, resulted in decrease of cell viabilities by 39.2%(P<0.05), and obvious morphological changes of apoptosis. The apoptosis rates were 28.3%(P<0.05). Downregulation of Fas and Bcl-2, and upregulation of Bax were observed in TSEG-2-transfected cells than those in control group (P<0.05).
Conclusions The eukaryotic expression vector of TSEG-2 was successfully constructed, resulting its expression and apoptosis in cultured spermatocytes, which laid the basis for subsequent research of its function at cellular and animal levels.
Part 2 Expression of testis specific expressed gene 2 in mouse testicular torsion/detorsion model
Objectives:To explore the expression profiles of testis specific expressed gene 2 (TSEG-2) in mouse testicular torsion/detorsion model. Methods:Thirty six Kunming mice were randomly divided into control (n=6), sham (n=6), and experimental (n=24) groups. In experimental group, the left testes were rotated 720 degree for 2 hrs and detorsed. After 1 day and 7 days of detorsion, the testes were collected for morphological observation via HE and TUNEL staining. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehycle (MDA) were measured by xanthine superoxidase and thiobarbiuric acid, respectively. The localization of TSEG-2 was observed by in situ hybridization. The TSEG-2 expression in testes was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results:Compared with the regular seminiferous tubules in control and sham groups, the seminiferous tubules of experimental group were irregular, with sparse structure and obvious apoptosis of spermatogenic cells. After 1 day and 7 days of detorsion, the Johnsen's score was reduced by 23.4% and 64.1% (P<0.01), the SOD activities were decreased by 11.6% and 22.2%(P<0.05), with those of MDA increased by 69.6% and 93.2%(P<0.01). The TSEG-2 mRNA localized at the spermatogonia and spermatocytes of seminiferous tubules. After 1 day and 7 days of detorsion, the TSEG-2 expression was enhanced by 2.2 and 6.6 times, respectively, when compared with control group. Conclusions:The mouse testicular torsion/detorsion model was successfully established. The enhanced TSEG-2 expression may be correlated with impaired anti-oxidative activities and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.
Part 3 Expression pattern of testis-specific expressed gene 2 in cryptorchidism model and its role in apoptosis of spermatogenic cells
In our previous study, we identified a novel testis-specific expressed gene 2 (TSEG-2) from mouse testis. To further investigate its preliminary function, thirty-five male BALB/C mice (8 weeks old) were divided into cryptorchidism group (n=20), sham group (n=10), and control group (n=5). In cryptorchidism group, the right testes were anchored to the inner lateral abdominal wall. Real-time quantitative PCR was undertaken to detect the expression of TSEG-2 gene. Meanwhile, under the mediation of polyethylenimine (PEI), the recombinant vector pEGFP-TSEG-2 (n=5) or empty vector (mock, n=5) was transfected into the testis of male mice. The transfection efficiencies were measured under a fluorescence microscope. The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was detected by terminal deoxynuleotidyl-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). The results showed that the TSEG-2 transcript was significantly enhanced (P<0.05) and correlated with apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in cryptorchid testes (P<0.05),when compared with sham and control groups. PEI was efficient in mediating transfection of TSEG-2 into seminiferous tubules of testis. One week post-transfection, intratesticular injection of TSEG-2 resulted in increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in vivo (P<0.05). These results indicate that TSEG-2 may participate in the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and the pathogenesis of cryptorchidism.
目的：构建睾丸特异表达基因2 (testis specific expressed gene 2, TSEG-2)的真核表达载体,探讨TSEG-2在细胞中的表达及其生物学功能。
方法：以小鼠睾丸组织cDNA为模版,设计携带HindⅢ和BamHⅠ酶切位点的引物序列,聚合酶链反应扩增基因片段,克隆至携带增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1;在阳离子聚合物聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的介导下,重组质粒转染体外培养的精母细胞株GC-2spd,荧光显微镜下观察TSEG-2基因在细胞内的表达定位,MTT法测定细胞生长活性,AO/EB荧光染色法、Hoechst 33258荧光染色法、Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,JC-1染色流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电位,实时定量PCR测定Fas、Bcl-2、Bax表达水平。
结果：.成功构建了TSEG-2与EGFP的融合表达载体pEGFP-TSEG2,转染GC-2spd细胞后可见胞浆内绿色荧光蛋白表达。转染pEGFP-TSEG2 48h后,GC-2spd细胞生长抑制39.2%(P<0.05),出现细胞凋亡形态学改变,凋亡率为28.3%(P<0.05)；线粒体膜电位显著低于对照组(P<0.05), GC-2spd细胞中Fas和Bcl-2的表达下调,而Bax的表达上调。
结论：成功构建TSEG-2基因的真核表达载体,在精母细胞株中表达并促进细胞凋亡,并提示TEGS-2可能通过内源性凋亡途径诱导细胞凋亡。为进一步在细胞和动物水平开展TSEG-2功能研究奠定了基础。
第二部分TSEG-2基因在小鼠睾丸扭转复位模型中的表达特征
目的探讨睾丸特异表达基因2(testis specific expressed gene 2,TSEG-2)在小鼠睾丸扭转复位模型中的表达特征。
方法昆明小鼠36只,随机分组为对照组(6只)、假手术组(6只)、单侧睾丸扭转复位实验组(24只)。实验组分为2组,每组12只,左侧睾丸扭转720度维持2 h,分别于复位后1、7天取扭转侧睾丸。采用HE染色、原位末端标记技术(TUNEL)观察睾丸组织形态改变；黄嘌呤氧化酶法、硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)活性；原位杂交法观测TSEG-2在睾丸生精细胞内的表达定位；实时定量PCR法检测TSEG-2基因在睾丸组织中的表达水平。
结果对照组和假手术组生精上皮排列规则,扭转复位后1、7天的睾丸组织内生精上皮结构松散,出现生精细胞凋亡,Johnsen's评分分别降低23.4％、64.1％(P<0.01),SOD活性降低11.6％、22.2％(P<0.05),MDA活性升高69.6％、93.2％(P<0.01)。TSEG-2基因表达定位于小鼠睾丸生精小管的精原细胞和精母细胞。与对照组比较,扭转复位1、7天后睾丸组织内TSEG-2表达水平分别上调2.2倍、6.6倍(P<0.01)
结论成功建立小鼠睾丸扭转复位模型,TSEG-2表达上调可能与抗氧化酶活性下降、生精细胞凋亡有关。
第三部分睾丸特异性基因TSEG-2在隐睾模型中的表达及其在生精细胞凋亡中的作用
目的进一步探讨睾丸特异表达基因2(testis specific expressed gene 2,TSEG-2)的功能及其在隐睾模型中的表达特点。
方法35只BALB/C小鼠(8周龄)随机分组为单侧手术隐睾组(20只)、假手术组(10只)、空白对照组(5只)。在手术隐睾组中,将右侧睾丸固定于腹壁内侧。real-timePCR法检测TSEG-2基因在隐睾模型中的表达特点。在聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的介导下,采用睾丸内注射方法,将重组载体pEGFP-TSEG-2(n=5)和空载体(n=5)转染至正常雄性小鼠睾丸,荧光显微镜观测转染效率,TUNEL法检测生精细胞凋亡。
结果原位杂交显示TSEG-2 mRNA表达定位于小鼠睾丸生精小管的精原细胞和精母细胞。与假手术组和对照组比较,隐睾组睾丸组织内TSEG-2表达显著上调(P<0.05),生精细胞凋亡比例增高(P<0.05)。PEI能有效介导TSEG-2转染至曲精小管,转染1周后生精细胞凋亡显著增多(P<0.05)。
结论这些结果提示TSEG-2可能参与了生精细胞的凋亡和隐睾的病理过程。
Part 1 Construction of the eukaryotic expression vector of TSEG-2 and its expression within cultured cells
Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of TSEG-2 and explore its expression and function in cultured cells.
Methods TSEG-2 gene fragment with restrictive sites Hind III BamH I was cloned from mouse testis cDNA by RT-PCR, and was inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1. Under the induction of polyethylenimine, the recombinant vector was transfected into cultured spermatocyte GC-2spd cells. The expression of TSEG-2 was observed under a flurosecent microscopy. The cell viabilities of GC-2spd were observed by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was inspected by AO/EB fluorescent staining, Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining, and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining flow cytometry. the mitochondrial membrane potential in TSEG-2-transferred GC-2spd cells was revealed by JC-1 staining flow cytometry.The mRNA levels of Fas, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by real-time PCR.
Results The fusion expression vector pEGFP-TSEG2 was constructed. Forty-eight hours post-transfetion, fusion protein expression was observed in the cytoplasm of cultured cells. Transfection of TSEG-2 into spermatocyte GC-2spd cells, resulted in decrease of cell viabilities by 39.2%(P<0.05), and obvious morphological changes of apoptosis. The apoptosis rates were 28.3%(P<0.05). Downregulation of Fas and Bcl-2, and upregulation of Bax were observed in TSEG-2-transfected cells than those in control group (P<0.05).
Conclusions The eukaryotic expression vector of TSEG-2 was successfully constructed, resulting its expression and apoptosis in cultured spermatocytes, which laid the basis for subsequent research of its function at cellular and animal levels.
Part 2 Expression of testis specific expressed gene 2 in mouse testicular torsion/detorsion model
Objectives:To explore the expression profiles of testis specific expressed gene 2 (TSEG-2) in mouse testicular torsion/detorsion model. Methods:Thirty six Kunming mice were randomly divided into control (n=6), sham (n=6), and experimental (n=24) groups. In experimental group, the left testes were rotated 720 degree for 2 hrs and detorsed. After 1 day and 7 days of detorsion, the testes were collected for morphological observation via HE and TUNEL staining. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehycle (MDA) were measured by xanthine superoxidase and thiobarbiuric acid, respectively. The localization of TSEG-2 was observed by in situ hybridization. The TSEG-2 expression in testes was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results:Compared with the regular seminiferous tubules in control and sham groups, the seminiferous tubules of experimental group were irregular, with sparse structure and obvious apoptosis of spermatogenic cells. After 1 day and 7 days of detorsion, the Johnsen's score was reduced by 23.4% and 64.1% (P<0.01), the SOD activities were decreased by 11.6% and 22.2%(P<0.05), with those of MDA increased by 69.6% and 93.2%(P<0.01). The TSEG-2 mRNA localized at the spermatogonia and spermatocytes of seminiferous tubules. After 1 day and 7 days of detorsion, the TSEG-2 expression was enhanced by 2.2 and 6.6 times, respectively, when compared with control group. Conclusions:The mouse testicular torsion/detorsion model was successfully established. The enhanced TSEG-2 expression may be correlated with impaired anti-oxidative activities and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.
Part 3 Expression pattern of testis-specific expressed gene 2 in cryptorchidism model and its role in apoptosis of spermatogenic cells
In our previous study, we identified a novel testis-specific expressed gene 2 (TSEG-2) from mouse testis. To further investigate its preliminary function, thirty-five male BALB/C mice (8 weeks old) were divided into cryptorchidism group (n=20), sham group (n=10), and control group (n=5). In cryptorchidism group, the right testes were anchored to the inner lateral abdominal wall. Real-time quantitative PCR was undertaken to detect the expression of TSEG-2 gene. Meanwhile, under the mediation of polyethylenimine (PEI), the recombinant vector pEGFP-TSEG-2 (n=5) or empty vector (mock, n=5) was transfected into the testis of male mice. The transfection efficiencies were measured under a fluorescence microscope. The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was detected by terminal deoxynuleotidyl-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). The results showed that the TSEG-2 transcript was significantly enhanced (P<0.05) and correlated with apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in cryptorchid testes (P<0.05),when compared with sham and control groups. PEI was efficient in mediating transfection of TSEG-2 into seminiferous tubules of testis. One week post-transfection, intratesticular injection of TSEG-2 resulted in increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in vivo (P<0.05). These results indicate that TSEG-2 may participate in the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and the pathogenesis of cryptorchidism.
引文
[1]Blaivas M, Batts M, Lambert M. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of testicular torsion diagnosis by emergency physicians. Am J Emerg Med,2000,18(2):198-200.
[2]Sarica K, Bakir K, Erbagci A, et al. Unilateral testicular torsion:evaluation of bcl-2, p-53 and PCNA expression in contralateral testes. Urol Int,2001,66(2):94-99.
[3]Hackstein JH, Hochstenbach R, Pearson PL. Towards an understanding of the genetics of human male infertility:lessons from flies. Trends Genet,2000,16(2): 565-572
[4]Matzuk MM, Lamb DJ. Genetic dissection of mammalian fertility pathways. Nat Cell Biol,2002,4 Suppl:s41-49
[5]Venables JP, Elliott DJ, Makarova OV, Makarov EM, Cooke HJ, Eperon IC. RBMY, a probable human spermatogenesis factor, and other hnRNP G proteins interact with Tra2beta and affect splicing. Hum Mol Genet,2000,9(5):685-694.
[6]Steger K, Behr R, Kleiner I, Weinbauer GF, Bergmann M. Expression of activator of CREM in the testis (ACT) during normal and impaired spermatogenesis:correlation with CREM expression. Mol Hum Reprod,2004,10(2):129-135.
[7]Modarressi MH, Cameron J, Taylor KE, Wolfe J. Identification and characterisation of a novel gene, TSGA10, expressed in testis. Gene,2001,262(1-2):249-255.
[8]Grimes SR. Testis-specific transcriptional control. Gene,2004,343(1):11-22.
[9]Tanaka H, Baba T. Gene expression in spermiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci,2005, 62(3):344-354.
[10]Kimmins S, Kotaja N, Davidson I, Sassone-Corsi P. Testis-specific transcription mechanisms promoting male germ cell differentiation. Reproduction,2004,128(1): 5-12.
[11]王智宇,童强松,等.小鼠睾丸新基因TSEG-2的克隆及表达分析[J].中华男科学,2009,15(2)：99-105
[1]Thomas KH, Wilkie TM, Tomashefsky P, Bellve AR, Simon MI. Differential gene expression during mouse spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod,1989,41(4):729-739.
[2]Tanaka H, Baba T. Gene expression in spermiogenesis.Cell Mol Life Sci,2005, 62(3):344-354
[3]Kimmins S, Kotaja N, Davidson I, Sassone-Corsi P. Testis-specific transcription mechanisms promoting male germ-cell differentiation. Reproduction,2004,128(1): 5-12
[4]王智宇,童强松,等.小鼠睾丸新基因TSEG-2的克隆及表达分析[J].中华男科学,2009,15(2)：99-105
[5]Hackstein JH, Hochstenbach R, Pearson PL. Towards an understanding of the genetics of human male infertility:lessons from flies. Trends Genet,2000,16(2): 565-572
[6]Matzuk MM, Lamb DJ. Genetic dissection of mammalian fertility pathways. Nat Cell Biol,2002,4 Suppl:s41-49
[7]Venables JP, Elliott DJ, Makarova OV, Makarov EM, Cooke HJ, Eperon IC. RBMY, a probable human spermatogenesis factor, and other hnRNP G proteins interact with Tra2beta and affect splicing. Hum Mol Genet,2000,9(5):685-694.
[8]Steger K, Behr R, Kleiner I, Weinbauer GF, Bergmann M. Expression of activator of CREM in the testis (ACT) during normal and impaired spermatogenesis: correlation with CREM expression.Mol Hum Reprod,2004,10(2):129-135.
[9]Modarressi MH, Cameron J, Taylor KE, Wolfe J. Identification and characterisation of a novel gene, TSGA10, expressed in testis. Gene,2001, 262(1-2):249-255.
[10]Grimes SR. Testis-specific transcriptional control. Gene,2004,343(1):11-22.
[11]Tanaka H, Baba T. Gene expression in spermiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci,2005, 62(3):344-354.
[12]Kimmins S, Kotaja N, Davidson I, Sassone-Corsi P. Testis-specific transcription mechanisms promoting male germ cell differentiation. Reproduction,2004,128(1): 5-12.
[13]Eskes R, Desagher S, Antonsson B, Martinou JC. Bid induces the oligomerization and insertion of Bax into the outer mitochondrial membrane. Mol Cell Biol,2000, 20(3):929-935.
[1]Blaivas M, Batts M, Lambert M. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of testicular torsion diagnosis by emergency physicians. Am J Emerg Med,2000,18(2):198-200.
[2]Sarica K, Bakir K, Erbagci A, et al. Unilateral testicular torsion:evaluation of bcl-2, p-53 and PCNA expression in contralateral testes. Urol Int,2001,66(2):94-99.
[3]Sukhotnik I, Voskoboinik K, Lurie M, et al. Involvement of the bax and bcl-2 system in the induction of germ cell apoptosis is correlated with the time of reperfusion after testicular ischemia in a rat model. Fertil Steril,2009,92(4): 1466-1469.
[4]Mitsuyo M, Kei-Ichi A, Sumiko K S, et al. The p53-in-dependent, nuclear translocation of cyclin G1 indegenerating neurons by ischemic and traumatic insults. Exp Neurol,2005,193(2):350-360.
[5]王智宇,童强松,曾甫清,等.小鼠睾丸新基因TSEG-2的克隆及表达分析.中华男科学,2009,15(2)：99-105
[6]胡涛,王智宇,童强松,等.TSEG-2基因真核表达载体的构建及其在细胞内的表达.中华实验外科杂志,2010,27(3)：101-103.
[7]Turner TT, Bang HJ, Lysiak JL. The molecular pathology of experimental testicular torsion suggests adjunct therapy to surgical repair. J Urol,2004,172(6 Pt 2): 2574-2578.
[8]孙杰,刘国华,赵海腾,等.别嘌呤醇对睾丸扭转的治疗作用.中华小儿外科杂志,2006,27(6)：318-321.
[9]Bradley A. Mining the mouse genome. Nature,2002,420 (6915):512-514.
[10]Saha M, Morales CR, de Lamirand E, et al. Morphological and biochemical changes following acute unilateral testicular torsion in prepubertal rats. J Urol,1997, 157(3):1149-1154.
[11]Lysiak JJ, Turner SD, Nguyen QA, et al. Essential role of neutrophils in germ cell-specific apoptosis following ischemia/reperfusion injury of the mouse testis. Biol Reprod,2001,65(3):718-725.
[12]Lysisk JJ, Nguyen QA, Turner TT. Peptide and nonpeptide reactve oxygen scavengers provide pattial rescue of the testis after torsion. J Androl,2002,23(3): 400-409.
[13]Dokmeci D. Testicular torsion, oxidative stress and the role of antioxidant therapy. Folia Med (Plovdiv).2006,48(3-4):16-21
[1]Sha JH, Zhou ZM, Li JM, et al. Expression of a novel bHLH-Zip gene in human testis. Asian J Androl,2003,5(2):83-87
[2]Kashiwabara S, Noguchi J, Zhuang T, et al. Regulation of spermatogenesis by testis-specific, cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase TPAP. Science,2002,298(5600): 1999-2002
[3]Yu Z, Guo R, Ge Y, et al. Gene expression profiles in different stages of mouse spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod,2003,69(1):37-47.
[4]王智宇,童强松,顾朝晖等.小鼠睾丸新基因TSEG-2的克隆及表达分析.中华男科学,2009,15(3)：99-105
[5]Braissant O, Wahli W. A simplified in situ hybridization protocol using non-radioactively labeled probes to detect abundant and rare mrnas on tissue sections. Biochemica,1998,1:10-16
[6]Farooqui SM, Al-Bagdadi F, Houslay MD, et al. Surgically induced cryptorchidism-related degenerative changes in spermatogonia are associated with loss of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent phosphodiesterases type 4 in abdominal testes of rats. Biol Reprod,2001,64(6):1583-1589
[7]Mendis-Handagama SM, Kerr JB, De Kretser DM. Experimental cryptorchidism in the adult mouse. Ⅲ. Qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic morphology of Leydig cells. J Androl,1991,12(5):335-343
[8]Li Lu, Min Lin, Min Xu, et al.Gene functional research using polyethylenimine-mediated in vivo gene transfection into mouse spermatogenic cells. Asian J Androl,2006,8 (1):53-59
[9]Ogawa T, Arechaga JM, Avarbock MR, et al. Transplantation of testis germinal cells into mouse seminiferous tubules, Int J Dev Biol,1997,41(1):111-122
[10]Virtanen HE, Bjerknes R, Cortes D, et al. Cryptorchidism:classification, prevalence and long-term consequences. Acta Paediatr,2007,96(5):611-616
[11]Rockett JC, Mapp FL, Garges JB, et al. Effects of hyperthermia on spermatogenesis, apoptosis, gene expression, and fertility in adult male mice. Biol Reprod,2001, 65(1):229-239
[12]Hunter ES 3rd, Dix DJ. Heat shock proteins Hsp70-1 and Hsp70-3 are necessary and sufficient to prevent arsenite-induced dysmorphology in mouse embryos. Mol Reprod Dev,2001,59(3):285-293
[13]Pollard H, Remy JS, Loussouarn G, et al. Polyethylenimine but not cationic lipids promotes transgene delivery to the nucleus in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem,1998, 273(13):7507-7511
[14]Zaric V, Weltin D, Erbacher P, et al. Effective polyethylenimine-mediated gene transfer into human endothelial cells. J Gene Med,2004,6(2):176-184
[15]Kichler A, Leborgne C, Coeytaux E, et al. Polyethylenimine-mediated gene delivery:a mechanistic study. J Gene Med,2001,3(2):135-144
[16]Timpl R. Proteoglycans of basement membranes. Experientia,1993,49(5):417-428
[1]Blaivas M, Batts M, Lambert M, et al. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of testicular torsion by emergency physicians. [J] Am J Emerg Med,2000,18(2):92-98
[2]Turer T, Tungkenneth S K, Tomomasa H, et al. Acute testicular isehemia results in germ cell, specific apoptosis in the rat. Biol Reprod.1997. (57):1267-1272
[3]Dokmeci D. Testicular torsion, oxidative stress and the role of antioxidant therapy. [J]Folia Med (Plovdiv).2006,48(3-4):16-21
[4]Ozkan DU, Boran C, Kilinc M, Garipardic M, et al. The effect of zinc aspartate pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury and early changes of blood and tissue antioxidant enzyme activities after unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion. [J].J Pediatr Surg.2004 (391):91-95.
[5]Mitsuyo M, Kei—Ichi A, Sumiko K S, et al. The p53-independent. nuclear translocation of cyelin Gl in degenerating neurons by ischemic and traumatic insults. [J].Experimental Neurology,2005,193(2):131-140
[6]Saha M, Morales CR, de Lamirand E, et al. Morphological and biochemical changes following acute unilateral testicular torsion in prepubertal rats. [J]. J Urol,1997, 157(3):1149-1154.
[7]Barthold JS, Gonzalez R. The epidemiology of congenital cryptorchidism, testicular ascent and orchiopexy. [J]. J Urol,2003,170(6):2396-2401.
[8]Virtanen HE, Toppari J. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of cryptorchidism. [J].Hum Reprod Update,2008,14(1):49-58.
[9]Nanthakumar N N, Fusunyan R D, Sanderson I. et al Inflammation in the developing human intestine:a possible pathophysiologic contribution to necrotizing enterocolitis. [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2000,97(11):6043-6052
[10]Pitteloud N, Hayes FJ, Boepple PA, et al. The role of prior pubertal development, biochemical markers of testicular maturation, and genetics in elucidating the phenotypic heterogeneity of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2002,87(1):152-160.
[11]Shono T, Suita S. Distured pituitary-testicular axis inhibits testicular descent in the prenatal rat. BJU Int,2003,92(1):641-643.
[12]Raivio T, Toppari J. Serum androgen bioactivity in cryptorchid and noncryptorchid boys during the postanal reproductive hormone surge. [J]. Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2003,88(6):2597-2599.
[13]O. Blagosklonova, C. Joanne, C. Roux, H. Bittard, F. Fellmann, and J.L. BressonHum. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) secretion in prepubertal and adult rams[J].Reprod.,2002; 17:2062-2065.
[14]Cazorla, O., Seck, M., Pisselet, C., Perreau, C., Saumande, J., Fontaine, J., de Reviers, M. and Hochereau-de Reviers, M.T. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) secretion in prepubertal and adult rams. [J].J. Reprod. Fertil.,1998112,259-266.
[15]Zimmermann S, Steding G. Targeted disruption of the Insl3 gene causes bilateral cryptorchidism. [J].Mol Endocrinol,1999,13(5):681-691.
[16]Naoko Sato, Tomonobu Hasegawa, Naoaki Hori, Maki Fukami, et al Gonadotrophin therapy in Kallmann syndrome caused by heterozygous mutations of the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 1:report of three families:Case report. [J].Hum. Reprod.,2005; 20:2173-2178.
[17]Hilgo Bruining, Hanna Swaab, Martien Kas, and Herman van Engeland Psychiatric Characteristics in a Self-Selected Sample of Boys With Klinefelter Syndrome Pediatrics, May 2009; 123:e865-e870.
[18]Lise Aksgl(?)de, Anne M. Wikstrom, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts, Leo Dunkel, Niels E. Skakkeba(?)k, et al Natural history of seminiferous tubule degeneration in Klinefelter syndrome [J].Hum. Reprod. Update, Jan 2006; 12:39-48.
[19]Blagosklonova, O., Fellmann, F., Clavequin, M.C., Roux, C. and Bresson, J.L. (2000) AZFa deletions in Sertoli cell-only syndrome:a retrospective study. [J]. Mol. Hum. Reprod.,6,795-799,
[20]Foresta C, Ferlin A and Moro E (2000) Deletion and expression analysis of AZFa genes on the human Y chromosome revealed a major role for DBY in male infertility. [J].Hum Mol Genet 9,1161-1169.
[21]Fernandes S, Paracchini S, Meyer LH, Floridia G, Tyler-Smith C and Vogt PH (2004) A large AZFc deletion removes DAZ3/DAZ4 and nearby genes from men in Y haplogroup N. [J].Am J Hum Genet 74,180-187
[22]Ferlin A, Moro E, Rossi A, Dallapiccola B and Foresta C (2003) The human Y chromosome's azoospermia factor b (AZFb) region:sequence, structure, and deletion analysis in infertile men. [J].J Med Genet 40,18-24.
[23]Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Nalini J. Gupta, Kadupu Pavani, Alla G. Reddy, Subbaya Subramainan, Deepa Selvi Rani, Bibaswan Ghosh, et al.Y Chromosome Deletions in Azoospermic Men in India [J].J Androl,2003; 24:588-597.
[24]F Kaspar, H Klocker, A Denninger, and A C Cato, A mutant androgen receptor from patients with Reifenstein syndrome:identification of the function of a conserved alanine residue in the D box of steroid receptors. [J].Mol. Cell. Biol., Dec 1993; 13:7850-7858.
[25]Serge Lumbroso, Jean-Marc Lobaccaro, Charles Belon, Serge Amram, Bruno Bachelard, Patrick Garandeau, and Charles Sultan Molecular prenatal exclusion of familial partial androgen insensitivity (Reifenstein syndrome)[J].Eur. J. Endocrinol., Apr 1994; 130:327-332.
[26]Serge Lumbroso, Jean-Marc Lobaccaro, Charles Belon, Serge Amram, Bruno Bachelard, et al.Molecular prenatal exclusion of familial partial androgen insensitivity (Reifenstein syndrome) [J].Eur. J. Endocrinol., Apr 1994; 130:327-332.
[27]JA Amrhein, GJ Klingensmith, PC Walsh, VA McKusick, and CJ Migeon Partial androgen insensitivity:the Reifenstein syndrome revisited [J].N. Engl. J. Med., Aug 1977; 297:350-356.
[28]Yung Ming Lin, Chaio Wei Chen, H. Sunny Sun, Shaw Jeng Tsai, Chao Chin Hsu, Yen Ni Teng, et al. Expression patterns and transcript concentrations of the autosomal DAZL gene in testes of azoospermic men [J].Mol. Hum. Reprod., Nov 2001; 7:1015-1022.
[29]T. Vogel, R.M. Speed, A. Ross, and H.J. Cooke Partial rescue of the Dazl knockout mouse by the human DAZL gene[J].Mol. Hum. Reprod., Sep 2002; 8:797-804.
[30]Xin-Jun Yang, Toshikatsu Shinka, Shiari Nozawa, Hong-Tao Yan, Miki Yoshiike, Mayumi Umeno, Youichi Sato, Gang Chen,, et al. Survey of the two polymorphisms in DAZL, an autosomal candidate for the azoospermic factor, in Japanese infertile men and implications for male infertility [J]. Mol. Hum. Reprod., Jul 2005; 11:513-515.
[31]Nicola Reynolds, Brian Collier, Victoria Bingham, Nicola K. Gray, Translation of the synaptonemal complex component Sycp3 is enhanced in vivo by the germ cell specific regulator Dazl RNA, Jul 2007; 13:974-981.
[32]Julianne V. Kus, Elizabeth Tullis, Dennis G. Cvitkovitch, et al.Significant differences in type Ⅳ pilin allele distribution among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) versus non-CF patients[J].Microbiology, May 2004; 150:1315-1326.
[33]J Yarden, D Radojkovic, K De Boeck, M Macek, Jr, D Zemkova, V Vavrova, R, et al. Association of tumour necrosis factor alpha variants with the CF pulmonary phenotype [J]. Thorax, Apr 2005; 60:320-325.
[34]Hong-Gang Li, Xiao-Fang Ding, Ai-Hua Liao, Xiang-Bing Kong, and Cheng-Liang Xiong Expression of CatSper family transcripts in the mouse testis during post-natal development and human ejaculated spermatozoa:relationship to sperm motility[J].Mol. Hum. Reprod., May 2007; 13:299-306.
[35]Parvaneh Nikpoor, S.Javad Mowla, Mansoureh Movahedin, et al. CatSper gene expression in postnatal development of mouse testis and in subfertile men with deficient sperm motility [J]. Hum. Reprod., Jan 2004; 19:124-128.
[36]Forrest VJ, Kang YH, Mcclain DE, et al. Oxidative stress2in2duced apoptosis prevented by Trolox[J]. Free Radic Biol Med,1994,16(6):675～684.
[37]Akbarsha MA, et al. Retention of cytoplasmic droplet by rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa after treatment with cytotoxic and xenobiotic agents [J]. J Reprod Fertil,2000,120(2):385-390.
[38]Ho well RW, et al. Radiotoxicity, of gadolinium-148 and radium-223 in mouse testes: relative biological effectiveness of a particle emitters in vivo. [J]. Radiat Res,1997,147(3):342-348.
[1]Patricia Noguiez-Hellin, Murielle Robert-Le Meur, Jean-Loup Salzmann, and David et al.Klatzmann Plasmoviruses:Nonviral/viral vectors for gene therapy [J].PNAS, Apr 1996; 93:4175-4180.
[2]E. Ostad-Saffari, S. P. Wong, D. C. Tracey-White, O. Argyros, C. Coutelle, R. P. Harbottle, T. Tolmachova, and M. C. et al. Seabra Development of Persistently Expressing Vectors for the Non-Viral Gene Therapy of Choroideremia Invest. [J].Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.,2009 (50),1731-1747.
[3]Gita Singh, Jeremiah Savage, Matt Truhan, Adrienne Israel, Nisha Srivastava, and Sujay Singh et al.Development of a panel of validated shRNA in non-viral and viral plasmid vectors. AACR Meeting Abstracts,2004:1011-1028
[4]Peter S. Goedegebuure and Timothy J. Eberlein. et al.Vaccine Trials for the Clinician:Prospects for Viral and Non-Viral Vectors Oncologist,1997; 2:300-310.
[5]S. H. Lee, M. K. Gupta, D. W. Han, S. Y. Han, S. J. Uhm, T. Kim, and H. T. Lee et al. Development of Transgenic Chickens Expressing Human Parathormone Under the Control of a Ubiquitous Promoter by Using a Retrovirus Vector System[J]. Poult Sci 2007; 86:2221-2227.
[6]Sharath K. Rai, James C. DeMartini, and A. et al.Retrovirus Vectors Bearing Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Env Transduce Human Cells by Using a New Receptor Localized to Chromosome 3p21.3. [J].Virol., May 2000; 74:4698-4704.
[7]Dolnikov, Simon Wotherspoon, Michelle Millington, et al.Retrovirus vector production and transduction:modulation by the cell cycleAlla [J].J. Gen. Virol., Nov 2003; 84:3131-3141.
[8]Peter Kurre, Hans-Peter Kiem, Julia Morris, Scott Heyward, Jean-Luc Battini, and A. et al. Efficient Transduction by an Amphotropic Retrovirus Vector Is Dependent on High-Level Expression of the Cell Surface Virus Receptor[J].J. Virol., Jan 1999; 73:495-500.
[9]B Korczak, I B Robson, C Lamarche, A Bernstein, et al.Genetic tagging of tumor cells with retrovirus vectors:clonal analysis of tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. [J].Mol. Cell. Biol., Aug 1988; 8:3143-3149.
[10]Mario R. Mautino, Nicholas Keiser, and Richard A. Morgan et al.Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Replication by HIV-1-Based Lentivirus Vectors Expressing Transdominant [J].Rev J. Virol., Apr 2001; 75:3590-3599.
[11]Isao Hamaguchi, Niels-Bjarne Woods, Ioannis Panagopoulos, Elisabet Andersson, Hanna Mikkola, Cecilia Fahlman, Romain Zufferey, Leif Carlsson, Didier Trono, et al.Lentivirus Vector Gene Expression during ES Cell-Derived Hematopoietic Development In Vitro [J].J. Virol., Nov 2000; 74:10778-10784.
[12]A. Kahl, Jon Marsh, Joanne Fyffe, David A. Sanders, and Kenneth CornettaJ. et al.Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Derived Lentivirus Vectors Pseudotyped with Envelope Glycoproteins Derived from Ross River Virus and Semliki Forest VirusChristoph Virol., Feb 2004; 78:1421-1430.
[13]Dong Sung An, Sam K. P. Kung, Aylin Bonifacino, Robert P. Wersto, Mark E. Metzger, Brian A. Agricola, Si Hua Mao, et al.Lentivirus Vector-Mediated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Transfer of Common Gamma-Chain Cytokine Receptor in Rhesus Macaques [J].J. Virol., Apr 2001; 75:3547-3555.
[14]Eric Poeschla, James Gilbert, Xinqiang Li, Shiang Huang, Anthony Ho, et al.Identification of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) Encapsidation Determinant and Transduction of Nondividing Human Cells by HIV-2-Based Lentivirus Vectors [J].J. Virol., Aug 1998; 72:6527-6536.
[15]Jakob Reiser, Zhennan Lai, Xian-Yang Zhang, and Roscoe O. et al.Development of Multigene and Regulated Lentivirus Vectors[J]. J. Virol, Nov 2000; 74:10589-10599.
[16]Stephane Barrette, Janet L. Douglas, Nancy E. Seidel, et al.Lentivirus-based vectors transduce mouse hematopoietic stem cells with similar efficiency to Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vectors[J].Blood, Nov 2000; 96:3385-3391.
[17]Claire L. Hill, Paul D. Bieniasz, and Myra O. et al. Properties of human foamy virus relevant to its development as a vector for gene therapy [J].J. Gen. Virol., Aug 1999; 80:2003-2009.
[18]Wei-Gang Hu, Azhar Z. Alvi, Damon Chau, Jeffrey E. Coles, R. Elaine Fulton, et al. Development and Characterization of a Novel Fusion Protein Composed of a Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region and a Single-Chain Fragment Variable Antibody against Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus [J].J. Biochem., Jan 2003; 133:59-66.
[19]Takahiro Furuta, Ryohei Tomioka, Kousuke Taki, Kouichi Nakamura, Nobuaki Tamamaki et al.In Vivo Transduction of Central Neurons Using Recombinant Sindbis Virus:Golgi-like Labeling of Dendrites and Axons with Membrane-targeted Fluorescent Proteins[J].J. Histochem. Cytochem., Dec 2001; 49:1497-1508.
[20]Ke-Jun Li and Henrik Garoff et al. Production of infectious recombinant Moloney murine leukemia virus particles in BHK cells using Semliki Forest virus-derived RNA expression vectors [J].PNAS, Oct 1996; 93:11658-11663.
[21]HIROAKI SHIBA, TAKEYUKI MISAWA, et al. Adenovirus Vector-mediated Gene Therapy Using Iodized Oil Esters for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats [J].Anticancer Res, Jan 2008; 28:51-53.
[22]Masayuki Furukawa, Takayuki Okubo, Makoto Ogino, et al.Adenovirus Vector-Mediated Reporter System forIn Vivo Analyses of Human CYP3A4 GeneActivation[J]. J. Biochem., Jan 2002; 131:71-78.
[23]H M Brereton, D J Coster, and K A Williams et al. In vitro adenovirus mediated gene transfer to the human cornea C F Jessup, Br J Ophthalmol, Jun 2005; 89: 658-661.
[24]Takahiro Nishida, Hikaru Ueno, Nobuhiko Atsuchi, Ryuji Kawano, Yujiro Asada, Yo Nakahara, Yu-ichi Kamikubo, et al.Adenovirus-Mediated Local Expression of Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Eliminates Shear Stress-Induced Recurrent Thrombosis in the Injured Carotid Artery of the Rabbit[J]. Circ. Res., Jun 1999; 84:1446-1452.
[25]Qiang Liu, Lindsay R. White, Sharon A. Clark, Daniel J. Heffner, Brent W. Winston, et al.Akt/Protein Kinase B Activation by Adenovirus Vectors Contributes to NFκB-Dependent CXCL10 Expression [J].J. Virol., Dec 2005; 79: 14507-14515.
[26]Shan Wen, Shannon Graf, Philip G Massey, et al. Improved Vascular Gene Transfer With a Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector [J]. Circulation, Sep 2004; 110:1484-1491.
[27]Melanie Fiedler, Florian Rodicker, Valentina Salucci, Mengji Lu, Luigi Aurisicchio, Uta Dahmen, Li Jun, et al.Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Delivery of Woodchuck-Specific Genes for Alpha Interferon (IFN-α) and IFN-γ:IFN-α but Not IFN-γ Reduces Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Replication in Chronic Infection In Vivo.[J].J. Virol., Sep 2004; 78:10111-10121.
[28]Brian D. Brown, Chang Xin Shi, Sandra Powell, David Hurlbut, et al.Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors mediate therapeutic factor VIII expression f or several months with minimal accompanying toxicity in a canine model of severe hemophilia A.[J].Blood, Feb 2004; 103:804-810.
[29]Shuji Kubo and Kohnosuke Mitani et al.ANew Hybrid System Capable of Efficient Lentiviral Vector Production and Stable Gene Transfer Mediated by a Single Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector.[J].J. Virol, Mar 2003; 77:2964-2971.
[30]Luigi Aurisicchio, Amedeo De Tomassi, Nicola La Monica, Gennaro Ciliberto, Cinzia Traboni, et al.Regulated and Liver-Specific Tamarin Alpha Interferon Gene Delivery by a Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector.[J].J. Virol., Jun 2005; 79:6772-6780.
[31]Qing Xie, Weishu Bu, Smita Bhatia, Joan Hare, et al.The atomic structure of adeno-associated virus (AAV-2), a vector for human gene t herapy.[J].PNAS, Aug 2002; 99:10405-10410.
[32]Daniela Hiiser, Stefan Weger, and Regine Heilbronn et al.Packaging of Human Chromosome 19-Specific Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Integration Sites in AAV Virions during AAV Wild-Type and Recombinant AAV Vector Production. [J].J. Virol., Apr 2003; 77:4881-4887.
[33]F. Curtis Hewitt, Chengwen Li, Steven J. Gray, Shelley Cockrell, et al.Reducing the Risk of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vector Mobilization with AAV Type 5 Vectors.[J].J. Virol., Apr 2009; 83:3919-3929.
[34]Ciaran D. Scallan, Haiyan Jiang, Tongyao Liu, Susannah Patarroyo-White, Jurg M. Sommer, et al.Human immunoglobulin inhibits liver transduction by AAV vectors at low AAV2 neutralizing titers in SCID mice.[J].Blood, Mar 2006; 107:1810-1817.
[35]Elizabeth A. Rutledge, Christine L. Halbert, et al.Infectious Clones and Vectors Derived from Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Serotypes Other Than AAV Type 2 .[J].J. Virol., Jan 1998; 72:309-319.
[36]Yasushi Ino, Yoshinaga Saeki, Hiroshi Fukuhara, et al.Triple Combination of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Vectors Armed with Interleukin-12, Interleukin-18, or Soluble B7-1 Results in Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy.[J].Clin. Cancer Res., Jan 2006; 12:643-652.
[37]Katsumi Sasaki, Michael B. Chancellor, William F. Goins, Michael W. Phelan, Joseph C. Glorioso, et al.Gene Therapy Using Replication-Defective Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors Expressing Nerve Growth Factor in a Rat Model of Diabetic Cystopathy.[J].Diabetes, Oct 2004; 53:2723-2730.
[38]David S. Latchman et al.Gene Therapy with Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors: Progress and Prospects for Clinical Neuroscience Neuroscientist, Dec 2001; 7:528-537.
[39]Vincent C. Emery and David H.L. Bishop et al.The development of multiple expression vectors for high level synthesis of eukaryotic proteins:expression of LCMV-N and AcNPV polyhedrin protein by a recombinant baculovirus.[J].Protein Eng.,Aug 1987; 1:359-366.
[40]Ayman Al-Mariri, Anne Tibor, Pascal Lestrate, et al.Yersinia enterocolitica as a Vehicle for a Naked DNA Vaccine Encoding Brucella abortus Bacterioferritin or P39 Antigen.[J].Infect. Immun., Apr 2002; 70:1915-1923.
[41]Xiaoming Deng, Sandor Szabo, Tetyana Khomenko, et al.Gene Therapy with Adenoviral Plasmids or Naked DNA of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Accelerates Healing of Duodenal Ulcer in Rats .[J].J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., Dec 2004; 311:982-988.
[42]Hirotsugu Tabata, Marcy Silver, et al.Arterial gene transfer of acidic fibroblast growth factor for therapeutic angiogenesis in vivo:critical role of secretion signal in use of naked DNA.[J].Cardiovasc Res, Sep 1997; 35:470-479.
[43]Masaaki Mizuno, Jun Yoshida, Kenichiro Sugita, Itaru Inoue, Hisao Seo, et al.Growth Inhibition of Glioma Cells Transfected with the Human β-Interferon Gene by Liposomes Coupled with a Monoclonal Antibody.[J].Cancer Res., Dec 1990; 50:7826-7829.
[44]J Saldeen, DT Curiel, DL Eizirik, A Andersson, E Strandell, K Buschard, et al. Efficient gene transfer to dispersed human pancreatic islet cells in vitro using adenovirus-polylysine/DNA complexes or polycationic liposomes Diabetes, Sep 1996; 45:1197-1203.
[45]K Yoshimura, MA Rosenfeld, P Seth et al.Adenovirus-mediated augmentation of cell transfection with unmodified plasmid vectors.[J].J. Biol. Chem., Feb 1993; 268: 2300-2303.
[46]P Kreiss, B Cameron, R Rangara, P Mailhe, O Aguerre-Charriol, M Airiau, et al. Plasmid DNA size does not affect the physicochemical properties of lipoplexes but modulates gene transfer efficiency.[J].Nucleic Acids Res., Oct 1999; 27:3792 3798.
[47]WANLOP WEECHARANGSAN, et al.Effect of Depsipeptide on In Vitro Transfection Efficiency of PEI/DNA Complexes.[J].Anticancer Res, Mar 2008; 28: 793-798.
[48]Shu-Fang Jia, Laura L. Worth, Charles L. Densmore, et al. Aerosol Gene Therapy with PEI:IL-12 Eradicates Osteosarcoma Lung Metastases Clin. Cancer Res., Aug 2003; 9:3462.
[49]Sabrina Hobel, Lige Dai, Beata Urban-Klein, Robert Prinz, et al.RNAi in vivo: Direct application of PEI-complexed siRNAs targeting VEGF and FGF-BP in prostate carcinoma mouse xenografts.[J].AACR Meeting Abstracts, Apr 2006; 2006: 496.
[50]Gaelle Creusat and Guy Zuber et al.Tyrosine-modified PEI:A novel and highly efficient vector for siRNA delivery in mammalian cells Nucleic Acids Symp Ser, Sep 2008; 52:91-92.
[51]Hitoshi Murata, Junichiro Futami, Midori Kitazoe, Takayuki Yonehara, Hidetaka Nakanishi, Megumi Kosaka, et al.Intracellular Delivery of Glutathione S-transferase-fused Proteins into Mammalian Cells by Polyethylenimine-Glutathione Conjugates.[J].J. Biochem., Oct 2008; 144:447 455.
[52]陈道桢,薛文群,龚健等,PEI-氧化铁磁性纳米颗粒作为基因载体的实验观察[J]第四军医大学学报.2008,29(1)31-35
[53]Hunter AC. Molecular hurdles in polyfectin design and mechanistic background to polycation induced cytotox2 icity[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev,2006,58(14):1 523-1 531.
[54]AZZAM T EL IVAHU H, SHAPIRA L,L IN IAL M et al Polysaccharide oligoamine.based conjugates for gene delivery [J]J Med,2002,45:1817-1824.
[55]Midori Kitazoe, Hitoshi Murata, Junichiro Futami, et al. Protein Transduction Assisted by Polyethylenimine-Cationized Carrier Proteins[J]J. Biochem., Jun 2005; 137:693-701.
[56]来利华,姜启英,陈丹等,TAT短肽修饰的聚乙烯亚胺-环糊精基因载体[J]浙江大学学报(医学版)2009,38(1)15-23
[2]Sarica K, Bakir K, Erbagci A, et al. Unilateral testicular torsion:evaluation of bcl-2, p-53 and PCNA expression in contralateral testes. Urol Int,2001,66(2):94-99.
[3]Hackstein JH, Hochstenbach R, Pearson PL. Towards an understanding of the genetics of human male infertility:lessons from flies. Trends Genet,2000,16(2): 565-572
[4]Matzuk MM, Lamb DJ. Genetic dissection of mammalian fertility pathways. Nat Cell Biol,2002,4 Suppl:s41-49
[5]Venables JP, Elliott DJ, Makarova OV, Makarov EM, Cooke HJ, Eperon IC. RBMY, a probable human spermatogenesis factor, and other hnRNP G proteins interact with Tra2beta and affect splicing. Hum Mol Genet,2000,9(5):685-694.
[6]Steger K, Behr R, Kleiner I, Weinbauer GF, Bergmann M. Expression of activator of CREM in the testis (ACT) during normal and impaired spermatogenesis:correlation with CREM expression. Mol Hum Reprod,2004,10(2):129-135.
[7]Modarressi MH, Cameron J, Taylor KE, Wolfe J. Identification and characterisation of a novel gene, TSGA10, expressed in testis. Gene,2001,262(1-2):249-255.
[8]Grimes SR. Testis-specific transcriptional control. Gene,2004,343(1):11-22.
[9]Tanaka H, Baba T. Gene expression in spermiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci,2005, 62(3):344-354.
[10]Kimmins S, Kotaja N, Davidson I, Sassone-Corsi P. Testis-specific transcription mechanisms promoting male germ cell differentiation. Reproduction,2004,128(1): 5-12.
[11]王智宇,童强松,等.小鼠睾丸新基因TSEG-2的克隆及表达分析[J].中华男科学,2009,15(2)：99-105
[1]Thomas KH, Wilkie TM, Tomashefsky P, Bellve AR, Simon MI. Differential gene expression during mouse spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod,1989,41(4):729-739.
[2]Tanaka H, Baba T. Gene expression in spermiogenesis.Cell Mol Life Sci,2005, 62(3):344-354
[3]Kimmins S, Kotaja N, Davidson I, Sassone-Corsi P. Testis-specific transcription mechanisms promoting male germ-cell differentiation. Reproduction,2004,128(1): 5-12
[4]王智宇,童强松,等.小鼠睾丸新基因TSEG-2的克隆及表达分析[J].中华男科学,2009,15(2)：99-105
[5]Hackstein JH, Hochstenbach R, Pearson PL. Towards an understanding of the genetics of human male infertility:lessons from flies. Trends Genet,2000,16(2): 565-572
[6]Matzuk MM, Lamb DJ. Genetic dissection of mammalian fertility pathways. Nat Cell Biol,2002,4 Suppl:s41-49
[7]Venables JP, Elliott DJ, Makarova OV, Makarov EM, Cooke HJ, Eperon IC. RBMY, a probable human spermatogenesis factor, and other hnRNP G proteins interact with Tra2beta and affect splicing. Hum Mol Genet,2000,9(5):685-694.
[8]Steger K, Behr R, Kleiner I, Weinbauer GF, Bergmann M. Expression of activator of CREM in the testis (ACT) during normal and impaired spermatogenesis: correlation with CREM expression.Mol Hum Reprod,2004,10(2):129-135.
[9]Modarressi MH, Cameron J, Taylor KE, Wolfe J. Identification and characterisation of a novel gene, TSGA10, expressed in testis. Gene,2001, 262(1-2):249-255.
[10]Grimes SR. Testis-specific transcriptional control. Gene,2004,343(1):11-22.
[11]Tanaka H, Baba T. Gene expression in spermiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci,2005, 62(3):344-354.
[12]Kimmins S, Kotaja N, Davidson I, Sassone-Corsi P. Testis-specific transcription mechanisms promoting male germ cell differentiation. Reproduction,2004,128(1): 5-12.
[13]Eskes R, Desagher S, Antonsson B, Martinou JC. Bid induces the oligomerization and insertion of Bax into the outer mitochondrial membrane. Mol Cell Biol,2000, 20(3):929-935.
[1]Blaivas M, Batts M, Lambert M. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of testicular torsion diagnosis by emergency physicians. Am J Emerg Med,2000,18(2):198-200.
[2]Sarica K, Bakir K, Erbagci A, et al. Unilateral testicular torsion:evaluation of bcl-2, p-53 and PCNA expression in contralateral testes. Urol Int,2001,66(2):94-99.
[3]Sukhotnik I, Voskoboinik K, Lurie M, et al. Involvement of the bax and bcl-2 system in the induction of germ cell apoptosis is correlated with the time of reperfusion after testicular ischemia in a rat model. Fertil Steril,2009,92(4): 1466-1469.
[4]Mitsuyo M, Kei-Ichi A, Sumiko K S, et al. The p53-in-dependent, nuclear translocation of cyclin G1 indegenerating neurons by ischemic and traumatic insults. Exp Neurol,2005,193(2):350-360.
[5]王智宇,童强松,曾甫清,等.小鼠睾丸新基因TSEG-2的克隆及表达分析.中华男科学,2009,15(2)：99-105
[6]胡涛,王智宇,童强松,等.TSEG-2基因真核表达载体的构建及其在细胞内的表达.中华实验外科杂志,2010,27(3)：101-103.
[7]Turner TT, Bang HJ, Lysiak JL. The molecular pathology of experimental testicular torsion suggests adjunct therapy to surgical repair. J Urol,2004,172(6 Pt 2): 2574-2578.
[8]孙杰,刘国华,赵海腾,等.别嘌呤醇对睾丸扭转的治疗作用.中华小儿外科杂志,2006,27(6)：318-321.
[9]Bradley A. Mining the mouse genome. Nature,2002,420 (6915):512-514.
[10]Saha M, Morales CR, de Lamirand E, et al. Morphological and biochemical changes following acute unilateral testicular torsion in prepubertal rats. J Urol,1997, 157(3):1149-1154.
[11]Lysiak JJ, Turner SD, Nguyen QA, et al. Essential role of neutrophils in germ cell-specific apoptosis following ischemia/reperfusion injury of the mouse testis. Biol Reprod,2001,65(3):718-725.
[12]Lysisk JJ, Nguyen QA, Turner TT. Peptide and nonpeptide reactve oxygen scavengers provide pattial rescue of the testis after torsion. J Androl,2002,23(3): 400-409.
[13]Dokmeci D. Testicular torsion, oxidative stress and the role of antioxidant therapy. Folia Med (Plovdiv).2006,48(3-4):16-21
[1]Sha JH, Zhou ZM, Li JM, et al. Expression of a novel bHLH-Zip gene in human testis. Asian J Androl,2003,5(2):83-87
[2]Kashiwabara S, Noguchi J, Zhuang T, et al. Regulation of spermatogenesis by testis-specific, cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase TPAP. Science,2002,298(5600): 1999-2002
[3]Yu Z, Guo R, Ge Y, et al. Gene expression profiles in different stages of mouse spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod,2003,69(1):37-47.
[4]王智宇,童强松,顾朝晖等.小鼠睾丸新基因TSEG-2的克隆及表达分析.中华男科学,2009,15(3)：99-105
[5]Braissant O, Wahli W. A simplified in situ hybridization protocol using non-radioactively labeled probes to detect abundant and rare mrnas on tissue sections. Biochemica,1998,1:10-16
[6]Farooqui SM, Al-Bagdadi F, Houslay MD, et al. Surgically induced cryptorchidism-related degenerative changes in spermatogonia are associated with loss of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent phosphodiesterases type 4 in abdominal testes of rats. Biol Reprod,2001,64(6):1583-1589
[7]Mendis-Handagama SM, Kerr JB, De Kretser DM. Experimental cryptorchidism in the adult mouse. Ⅲ. Qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic morphology of Leydig cells. J Androl,1991,12(5):335-343
[8]Li Lu, Min Lin, Min Xu, et al.Gene functional research using polyethylenimine-mediated in vivo gene transfection into mouse spermatogenic cells. Asian J Androl,2006,8 (1):53-59
[9]Ogawa T, Arechaga JM, Avarbock MR, et al. Transplantation of testis germinal cells into mouse seminiferous tubules, Int J Dev Biol,1997,41(1):111-122
[10]Virtanen HE, Bjerknes R, Cortes D, et al. Cryptorchidism:classification, prevalence and long-term consequences. Acta Paediatr,2007,96(5):611-616
[11]Rockett JC, Mapp FL, Garges JB, et al. Effects of hyperthermia on spermatogenesis, apoptosis, gene expression, and fertility in adult male mice. Biol Reprod,2001, 65(1):229-239
[12]Hunter ES 3rd, Dix DJ. Heat shock proteins Hsp70-1 and Hsp70-3 are necessary and sufficient to prevent arsenite-induced dysmorphology in mouse embryos. Mol Reprod Dev,2001,59(3):285-293
[13]Pollard H, Remy JS, Loussouarn G, et al. Polyethylenimine but not cationic lipids promotes transgene delivery to the nucleus in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem,1998, 273(13):7507-7511
[14]Zaric V, Weltin D, Erbacher P, et al. Effective polyethylenimine-mediated gene transfer into human endothelial cells. J Gene Med,2004,6(2):176-184
[15]Kichler A, Leborgne C, Coeytaux E, et al. Polyethylenimine-mediated gene delivery:a mechanistic study. J Gene Med,2001,3(2):135-144
[16]Timpl R. Proteoglycans of basement membranes. Experientia,1993,49(5):417-428
[1]Blaivas M, Batts M, Lambert M, et al. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of testicular torsion by emergency physicians. [J] Am J Emerg Med,2000,18(2):92-98
[2]Turer T, Tungkenneth S K, Tomomasa H, et al. Acute testicular isehemia results in germ cell, specific apoptosis in the rat. Biol Reprod.1997. (57):1267-1272
[3]Dokmeci D. Testicular torsion, oxidative stress and the role of antioxidant therapy. [J]Folia Med (Plovdiv).2006,48(3-4):16-21
[4]Ozkan DU, Boran C, Kilinc M, Garipardic M, et al. The effect of zinc aspartate pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury and early changes of blood and tissue antioxidant enzyme activities after unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion. [J].J Pediatr Surg.2004 (391):91-95.
[5]Mitsuyo M, Kei—Ichi A, Sumiko K S, et al. The p53-independent. nuclear translocation of cyelin Gl in degenerating neurons by ischemic and traumatic insults. [J].Experimental Neurology,2005,193(2):131-140
[6]Saha M, Morales CR, de Lamirand E, et al. Morphological and biochemical changes following acute unilateral testicular torsion in prepubertal rats. [J]. J Urol,1997, 157(3):1149-1154.
[7]Barthold JS, Gonzalez R. The epidemiology of congenital cryptorchidism, testicular ascent and orchiopexy. [J]. J Urol,2003,170(6):2396-2401.
[8]Virtanen HE, Toppari J. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of cryptorchidism. [J].Hum Reprod Update,2008,14(1):49-58.
[9]Nanthakumar N N, Fusunyan R D, Sanderson I. et al Inflammation in the developing human intestine:a possible pathophysiologic contribution to necrotizing enterocolitis. [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2000,97(11):6043-6052
[10]Pitteloud N, Hayes FJ, Boepple PA, et al. The role of prior pubertal development, biochemical markers of testicular maturation, and genetics in elucidating the phenotypic heterogeneity of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2002,87(1):152-160.
[11]Shono T, Suita S. Distured pituitary-testicular axis inhibits testicular descent in the prenatal rat. BJU Int,2003,92(1):641-643.
[12]Raivio T, Toppari J. Serum androgen bioactivity in cryptorchid and noncryptorchid boys during the postanal reproductive hormone surge. [J]. Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2003,88(6):2597-2599.
[13]O. Blagosklonova, C. Joanne, C. Roux, H. Bittard, F. Fellmann, and J.L. BressonHum. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) secretion in prepubertal and adult rams[J].Reprod.,2002; 17:2062-2065.
[14]Cazorla, O., Seck, M., Pisselet, C., Perreau, C., Saumande, J., Fontaine, J., de Reviers, M. and Hochereau-de Reviers, M.T. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) secretion in prepubertal and adult rams. [J].J. Reprod. Fertil.,1998112,259-266.
[15]Zimmermann S, Steding G. Targeted disruption of the Insl3 gene causes bilateral cryptorchidism. [J].Mol Endocrinol,1999,13(5):681-691.
[16]Naoko Sato, Tomonobu Hasegawa, Naoaki Hori, Maki Fukami, et al Gonadotrophin therapy in Kallmann syndrome caused by heterozygous mutations of the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 1:report of three families:Case report. [J].Hum. Reprod.,2005; 20:2173-2178.
[17]Hilgo Bruining, Hanna Swaab, Martien Kas, and Herman van Engeland Psychiatric Characteristics in a Self-Selected Sample of Boys With Klinefelter Syndrome Pediatrics, May 2009; 123:e865-e870.
[18]Lise Aksgl(?)de, Anne M. Wikstrom, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts, Leo Dunkel, Niels E. Skakkeba(?)k, et al Natural history of seminiferous tubule degeneration in Klinefelter syndrome [J].Hum. Reprod. Update, Jan 2006; 12:39-48.
[19]Blagosklonova, O., Fellmann, F., Clavequin, M.C., Roux, C. and Bresson, J.L. (2000) AZFa deletions in Sertoli cell-only syndrome:a retrospective study. [J]. Mol. Hum. Reprod.,6,795-799,
[20]Foresta C, Ferlin A and Moro E (2000) Deletion and expression analysis of AZFa genes on the human Y chromosome revealed a major role for DBY in male infertility. [J].Hum Mol Genet 9,1161-1169.
[21]Fernandes S, Paracchini S, Meyer LH, Floridia G, Tyler-Smith C and Vogt PH (2004) A large AZFc deletion removes DAZ3/DAZ4 and nearby genes from men in Y haplogroup N. [J].Am J Hum Genet 74,180-187
[22]Ferlin A, Moro E, Rossi A, Dallapiccola B and Foresta C (2003) The human Y chromosome's azoospermia factor b (AZFb) region:sequence, structure, and deletion analysis in infertile men. [J].J Med Genet 40,18-24.
[23]Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Nalini J. Gupta, Kadupu Pavani, Alla G. Reddy, Subbaya Subramainan, Deepa Selvi Rani, Bibaswan Ghosh, et al.Y Chromosome Deletions in Azoospermic Men in India [J].J Androl,2003; 24:588-597.
[24]F Kaspar, H Klocker, A Denninger, and A C Cato, A mutant androgen receptor from patients with Reifenstein syndrome:identification of the function of a conserved alanine residue in the D box of steroid receptors. [J].Mol. Cell. Biol., Dec 1993; 13:7850-7858.
[25]Serge Lumbroso, Jean-Marc Lobaccaro, Charles Belon, Serge Amram, Bruno Bachelard, Patrick Garandeau, and Charles Sultan Molecular prenatal exclusion of familial partial androgen insensitivity (Reifenstein syndrome)[J].Eur. J. Endocrinol., Apr 1994; 130:327-332.
[26]Serge Lumbroso, Jean-Marc Lobaccaro, Charles Belon, Serge Amram, Bruno Bachelard, et al.Molecular prenatal exclusion of familial partial androgen insensitivity (Reifenstein syndrome) [J].Eur. J. Endocrinol., Apr 1994; 130:327-332.
[27]JA Amrhein, GJ Klingensmith, PC Walsh, VA McKusick, and CJ Migeon Partial androgen insensitivity:the Reifenstein syndrome revisited [J].N. Engl. J. Med., Aug 1977; 297:350-356.
[28]Yung Ming Lin, Chaio Wei Chen, H. Sunny Sun, Shaw Jeng Tsai, Chao Chin Hsu, Yen Ni Teng, et al. Expression patterns and transcript concentrations of the autosomal DAZL gene in testes of azoospermic men [J].Mol. Hum. Reprod., Nov 2001; 7:1015-1022.
[29]T. Vogel, R.M. Speed, A. Ross, and H.J. Cooke Partial rescue of the Dazl knockout mouse by the human DAZL gene[J].Mol. Hum. Reprod., Sep 2002; 8:797-804.
[30]Xin-Jun Yang, Toshikatsu Shinka, Shiari Nozawa, Hong-Tao Yan, Miki Yoshiike, Mayumi Umeno, Youichi Sato, Gang Chen,, et al. Survey of the two polymorphisms in DAZL, an autosomal candidate for the azoospermic factor, in Japanese infertile men and implications for male infertility [J]. Mol. Hum. Reprod., Jul 2005; 11:513-515.
[31]Nicola Reynolds, Brian Collier, Victoria Bingham, Nicola K. Gray, Translation of the synaptonemal complex component Sycp3 is enhanced in vivo by the germ cell specific regulator Dazl RNA, Jul 2007; 13:974-981.
[32]Julianne V. Kus, Elizabeth Tullis, Dennis G. Cvitkovitch, et al.Significant differences in type Ⅳ pilin allele distribution among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) versus non-CF patients[J].Microbiology, May 2004; 150:1315-1326.
[33]J Yarden, D Radojkovic, K De Boeck, M Macek, Jr, D Zemkova, V Vavrova, R, et al. Association of tumour necrosis factor alpha variants with the CF pulmonary phenotype [J]. Thorax, Apr 2005; 60:320-325.
[34]Hong-Gang Li, Xiao-Fang Ding, Ai-Hua Liao, Xiang-Bing Kong, and Cheng-Liang Xiong Expression of CatSper family transcripts in the mouse testis during post-natal development and human ejaculated spermatozoa:relationship to sperm motility[J].Mol. Hum. Reprod., May 2007; 13:299-306.
[35]Parvaneh Nikpoor, S.Javad Mowla, Mansoureh Movahedin, et al. CatSper gene expression in postnatal development of mouse testis and in subfertile men with deficient sperm motility [J]. Hum. Reprod., Jan 2004; 19:124-128.
[36]Forrest VJ, Kang YH, Mcclain DE, et al. Oxidative stress2in2duced apoptosis prevented by Trolox[J]. Free Radic Biol Med,1994,16(6):675～684.
[37]Akbarsha MA, et al. Retention of cytoplasmic droplet by rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa after treatment with cytotoxic and xenobiotic agents [J]. J Reprod Fertil,2000,120(2):385-390.
[38]Ho well RW, et al. Radiotoxicity, of gadolinium-148 and radium-223 in mouse testes: relative biological effectiveness of a particle emitters in vivo. [J]. Radiat Res,1997,147(3):342-348.
[1]Patricia Noguiez-Hellin, Murielle Robert-Le Meur, Jean-Loup Salzmann, and David et al.Klatzmann Plasmoviruses:Nonviral/viral vectors for gene therapy [J].PNAS, Apr 1996; 93:4175-4180.
[2]E. Ostad-Saffari, S. P. Wong, D. C. Tracey-White, O. Argyros, C. Coutelle, R. P. Harbottle, T. Tolmachova, and M. C. et al. Seabra Development of Persistently Expressing Vectors for the Non-Viral Gene Therapy of Choroideremia Invest. [J].Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.,2009 (50),1731-1747.
[3]Gita Singh, Jeremiah Savage, Matt Truhan, Adrienne Israel, Nisha Srivastava, and Sujay Singh et al.Development of a panel of validated shRNA in non-viral and viral plasmid vectors. AACR Meeting Abstracts,2004:1011-1028
[4]Peter S. Goedegebuure and Timothy J. Eberlein. et al.Vaccine Trials for the Clinician:Prospects for Viral and Non-Viral Vectors Oncologist,1997; 2:300-310.
[5]S. H. Lee, M. K. Gupta, D. W. Han, S. Y. Han, S. J. Uhm, T. Kim, and H. T. Lee et al. Development of Transgenic Chickens Expressing Human Parathormone Under the Control of a Ubiquitous Promoter by Using a Retrovirus Vector System[J]. Poult Sci 2007; 86:2221-2227.
[6]Sharath K. Rai, James C. DeMartini, and A. et al.Retrovirus Vectors Bearing Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Env Transduce Human Cells by Using a New Receptor Localized to Chromosome 3p21.3. [J].Virol., May 2000; 74:4698-4704.
[7]Dolnikov, Simon Wotherspoon, Michelle Millington, et al.Retrovirus vector production and transduction:modulation by the cell cycleAlla [J].J. Gen. Virol., Nov 2003; 84:3131-3141.
[8]Peter Kurre, Hans-Peter Kiem, Julia Morris, Scott Heyward, Jean-Luc Battini, and A. et al. Efficient Transduction by an Amphotropic Retrovirus Vector Is Dependent on High-Level Expression of the Cell Surface Virus Receptor[J].J. Virol., Jan 1999; 73:495-500.
[9]B Korczak, I B Robson, C Lamarche, A Bernstein, et al.Genetic tagging of tumor cells with retrovirus vectors:clonal analysis of tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. [J].Mol. Cell. Biol., Aug 1988; 8:3143-3149.
[10]Mario R. Mautino, Nicholas Keiser, and Richard A. Morgan et al.Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Replication by HIV-1-Based Lentivirus Vectors Expressing Transdominant [J].Rev J. Virol., Apr 2001; 75:3590-3599.
[11]Isao Hamaguchi, Niels-Bjarne Woods, Ioannis Panagopoulos, Elisabet Andersson, Hanna Mikkola, Cecilia Fahlman, Romain Zufferey, Leif Carlsson, Didier Trono, et al.Lentivirus Vector Gene Expression during ES Cell-Derived Hematopoietic Development In Vitro [J].J. Virol., Nov 2000; 74:10778-10784.
[12]A. Kahl, Jon Marsh, Joanne Fyffe, David A. Sanders, and Kenneth CornettaJ. et al.Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Derived Lentivirus Vectors Pseudotyped with Envelope Glycoproteins Derived from Ross River Virus and Semliki Forest VirusChristoph Virol., Feb 2004; 78:1421-1430.
[13]Dong Sung An, Sam K. P. Kung, Aylin Bonifacino, Robert P. Wersto, Mark E. Metzger, Brian A. Agricola, Si Hua Mao, et al.Lentivirus Vector-Mediated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Transfer of Common Gamma-Chain Cytokine Receptor in Rhesus Macaques [J].J. Virol., Apr 2001; 75:3547-3555.
[14]Eric Poeschla, James Gilbert, Xinqiang Li, Shiang Huang, Anthony Ho, et al.Identification of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) Encapsidation Determinant and Transduction of Nondividing Human Cells by HIV-2-Based Lentivirus Vectors [J].J. Virol., Aug 1998; 72:6527-6536.
[15]Jakob Reiser, Zhennan Lai, Xian-Yang Zhang, and Roscoe O. et al.Development of Multigene and Regulated Lentivirus Vectors[J]. J. Virol, Nov 2000; 74:10589-10599.
[16]Stephane Barrette, Janet L. Douglas, Nancy E. Seidel, et al.Lentivirus-based vectors transduce mouse hematopoietic stem cells with similar efficiency to Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vectors[J].Blood, Nov 2000; 96:3385-3391.
[17]Claire L. Hill, Paul D. Bieniasz, and Myra O. et al. Properties of human foamy virus relevant to its development as a vector for gene therapy [J].J. Gen. Virol., Aug 1999; 80:2003-2009.
[18]Wei-Gang Hu, Azhar Z. Alvi, Damon Chau, Jeffrey E. Coles, R. Elaine Fulton, et al. Development and Characterization of a Novel Fusion Protein Composed of a Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region and a Single-Chain Fragment Variable Antibody against Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus [J].J. Biochem., Jan 2003; 133:59-66.
[19]Takahiro Furuta, Ryohei Tomioka, Kousuke Taki, Kouichi Nakamura, Nobuaki Tamamaki et al.In Vivo Transduction of Central Neurons Using Recombinant Sindbis Virus:Golgi-like Labeling of Dendrites and Axons with Membrane-targeted Fluorescent Proteins[J].J. Histochem. Cytochem., Dec 2001; 49:1497-1508.
[20]Ke-Jun Li and Henrik Garoff et al. Production of infectious recombinant Moloney murine leukemia virus particles in BHK cells using Semliki Forest virus-derived RNA expression vectors [J].PNAS, Oct 1996; 93:11658-11663.
[21]HIROAKI SHIBA, TAKEYUKI MISAWA, et al. Adenovirus Vector-mediated Gene Therapy Using Iodized Oil Esters for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats [J].Anticancer Res, Jan 2008; 28:51-53.
[22]Masayuki Furukawa, Takayuki Okubo, Makoto Ogino, et al.Adenovirus Vector-Mediated Reporter System forIn Vivo Analyses of Human CYP3A4 GeneActivation[J]. J. Biochem., Jan 2002; 131:71-78.
[23]H M Brereton, D J Coster, and K A Williams et al. In vitro adenovirus mediated gene transfer to the human cornea C F Jessup, Br J Ophthalmol, Jun 2005; 89: 658-661.
[24]Takahiro Nishida, Hikaru Ueno, Nobuhiko Atsuchi, Ryuji Kawano, Yujiro Asada, Yo Nakahara, Yu-ichi Kamikubo, et al.Adenovirus-Mediated Local Expression of Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Eliminates Shear Stress-Induced Recurrent Thrombosis in the Injured Carotid Artery of the Rabbit[J]. Circ. Res., Jun 1999; 84:1446-1452.
[25]Qiang Liu, Lindsay R. White, Sharon A. Clark, Daniel J. Heffner, Brent W. Winston, et al.Akt/Protein Kinase B Activation by Adenovirus Vectors Contributes to NFκB-Dependent CXCL10 Expression [J].J. Virol., Dec 2005; 79: 14507-14515.
[26]Shan Wen, Shannon Graf, Philip G Massey, et al. Improved Vascular Gene Transfer With a Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector [J]. Circulation, Sep 2004; 110:1484-1491.
[27]Melanie Fiedler, Florian Rodicker, Valentina Salucci, Mengji Lu, Luigi Aurisicchio, Uta Dahmen, Li Jun, et al.Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Delivery of Woodchuck-Specific Genes for Alpha Interferon (IFN-α) and IFN-γ:IFN-α but Not IFN-γ Reduces Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Replication in Chronic Infection In Vivo.[J].J. Virol., Sep 2004; 78:10111-10121.
[28]Brian D. Brown, Chang Xin Shi, Sandra Powell, David Hurlbut, et al.Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors mediate therapeutic factor VIII expression f or several months with minimal accompanying toxicity in a canine model of severe hemophilia A.[J].Blood, Feb 2004; 103:804-810.
[29]Shuji Kubo and Kohnosuke Mitani et al.ANew Hybrid System Capable of Efficient Lentiviral Vector Production and Stable Gene Transfer Mediated by a Single Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector.[J].J. Virol, Mar 2003; 77:2964-2971.
[30]Luigi Aurisicchio, Amedeo De Tomassi, Nicola La Monica, Gennaro Ciliberto, Cinzia Traboni, et al.Regulated and Liver-Specific Tamarin Alpha Interferon Gene Delivery by a Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector.[J].J. Virol., Jun 2005; 79:6772-6780.
[31]Qing Xie, Weishu Bu, Smita Bhatia, Joan Hare, et al.The atomic structure of adeno-associated virus (AAV-2), a vector for human gene t herapy.[J].PNAS, Aug 2002; 99:10405-10410.
[32]Daniela Hiiser, Stefan Weger, and Regine Heilbronn et al.Packaging of Human Chromosome 19-Specific Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Integration Sites in AAV Virions during AAV Wild-Type and Recombinant AAV Vector Production. [J].J. Virol., Apr 2003; 77:4881-4887.
[33]F. Curtis Hewitt, Chengwen Li, Steven J. Gray, Shelley Cockrell, et al.Reducing the Risk of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vector Mobilization with AAV Type 5 Vectors.[J].J. Virol., Apr 2009; 83:3919-3929.
[34]Ciaran D. Scallan, Haiyan Jiang, Tongyao Liu, Susannah Patarroyo-White, Jurg M. Sommer, et al.Human immunoglobulin inhibits liver transduction by AAV vectors at low AAV2 neutralizing titers in SCID mice.[J].Blood, Mar 2006; 107:1810-1817.
[35]Elizabeth A. Rutledge, Christine L. Halbert, et al.Infectious Clones and Vectors Derived from Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Serotypes Other Than AAV Type 2 .[J].J. Virol., Jan 1998; 72:309-319.
[36]Yasushi Ino, Yoshinaga Saeki, Hiroshi Fukuhara, et al.Triple Combination of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Vectors Armed with Interleukin-12, Interleukin-18, or Soluble B7-1 Results in Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy.[J].Clin. Cancer Res., Jan 2006; 12:643-652.
[37]Katsumi Sasaki, Michael B. Chancellor, William F. Goins, Michael W. Phelan, Joseph C. Glorioso, et al.Gene Therapy Using Replication-Defective Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors Expressing Nerve Growth Factor in a Rat Model of Diabetic Cystopathy.[J].Diabetes, Oct 2004; 53:2723-2730.
[38]David S. Latchman et al.Gene Therapy with Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors: Progress and Prospects for Clinical Neuroscience Neuroscientist, Dec 2001; 7:528-537.
[39]Vincent C. Emery and David H.L. Bishop et al.The development of multiple expression vectors for high level synthesis of eukaryotic proteins:expression of LCMV-N and AcNPV polyhedrin protein by a recombinant baculovirus.[J].Protein Eng.,Aug 1987; 1:359-366.
[40]Ayman Al-Mariri, Anne Tibor, Pascal Lestrate, et al.Yersinia enterocolitica as a Vehicle for a Naked DNA Vaccine Encoding Brucella abortus Bacterioferritin or P39 Antigen.[J].Infect. Immun., Apr 2002; 70:1915-1923.
[41]Xiaoming Deng, Sandor Szabo, Tetyana Khomenko, et al.Gene Therapy with Adenoviral Plasmids or Naked DNA of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Accelerates Healing of Duodenal Ulcer in Rats .[J].J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., Dec 2004; 311:982-988.
[42]Hirotsugu Tabata, Marcy Silver, et al.Arterial gene transfer of acidic fibroblast growth factor for therapeutic angiogenesis in vivo:critical role of secretion signal in use of naked DNA.[J].Cardiovasc Res, Sep 1997; 35:470-479.
[43]Masaaki Mizuno, Jun Yoshida, Kenichiro Sugita, Itaru Inoue, Hisao Seo, et al.Growth Inhibition of Glioma Cells Transfected with the Human β-Interferon Gene by Liposomes Coupled with a Monoclonal Antibody.[J].Cancer Res., Dec 1990; 50:7826-7829.
[44]J Saldeen, DT Curiel, DL Eizirik, A Andersson, E Strandell, K Buschard, et al. Efficient gene transfer to dispersed human pancreatic islet cells in vitro using adenovirus-polylysine/DNA complexes or polycationic liposomes Diabetes, Sep 1996; 45:1197-1203.
[45]K Yoshimura, MA Rosenfeld, P Seth et al.Adenovirus-mediated augmentation of cell transfection with unmodified plasmid vectors.[J].J. Biol. Chem., Feb 1993; 268: 2300-2303.
[46]P Kreiss, B Cameron, R Rangara, P Mailhe, O Aguerre-Charriol, M Airiau, et al. Plasmid DNA size does not affect the physicochemical properties of lipoplexes but modulates gene transfer efficiency.[J].Nucleic Acids Res., Oct 1999; 27:3792 3798.
[47]WANLOP WEECHARANGSAN, et al.Effect of Depsipeptide on In Vitro Transfection Efficiency of PEI/DNA Complexes.[J].Anticancer Res, Mar 2008; 28: 793-798.
[48]Shu-Fang Jia, Laura L. Worth, Charles L. Densmore, et al. Aerosol Gene Therapy with PEI:IL-12 Eradicates Osteosarcoma Lung Metastases Clin. Cancer Res., Aug 2003; 9:3462.
[49]Sabrina Hobel, Lige Dai, Beata Urban-Klein, Robert Prinz, et al.RNAi in vivo: Direct application of PEI-complexed siRNAs targeting VEGF and FGF-BP in prostate carcinoma mouse xenografts.[J].AACR Meeting Abstracts, Apr 2006; 2006: 496.
[50]Gaelle Creusat and Guy Zuber et al.Tyrosine-modified PEI:A novel and highly efficient vector for siRNA delivery in mammalian cells Nucleic Acids Symp Ser, Sep 2008; 52:91-92.
[51]Hitoshi Murata, Junichiro Futami, Midori Kitazoe, Takayuki Yonehara, Hidetaka Nakanishi, Megumi Kosaka, et al.Intracellular Delivery of Glutathione S-transferase-fused Proteins into Mammalian Cells by Polyethylenimine-Glutathione Conjugates.[J].J. Biochem., Oct 2008; 144:447 455.
[52]陈道桢,薛文群,龚健等,PEI-氧化铁磁性纳米颗粒作为基因载体的实验观察[J]第四军医大学学报.2008,29(1)31-35
[53]Hunter AC. Molecular hurdles in polyfectin design and mechanistic background to polycation induced cytotox2 icity[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev,2006,58(14):1 523-1 531.
[54]AZZAM T EL IVAHU H, SHAPIRA L,L IN IAL M et al Polysaccharide oligoamine.based conjugates for gene delivery [J]J Med,2002,45:1817-1824.
[55]Midori Kitazoe, Hitoshi Murata, Junichiro Futami, et al. Protein Transduction Assisted by Polyethylenimine-Cationized Carrier Proteins[J]J. Biochem., Jun 2005; 137:693-701.
[56]来利华,姜启英,陈丹等,TAT短肽修饰的聚乙烯亚胺-环糊精基因载体[J]浙江大学学报(医学版)2009,38(1)15-23