高压SF6断路器状态评估方法研究
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摘要
高压断路器在电力系统中承担着控制与保护的双重任务,其安全稳定运行也决定着区域电网系统能否在正常状态时安排生产运营,在异常状态时隔离故障源、减小影响。因此,确保高压断路器处于合理的运行状态,对于保证整个系统的安全稳定运行有着重要意义。
本文建立了高压断路器系统的综合状态评估体系,将高压断路器运行状态指标分类,主要包括：定量状态指标(绝缘性能、驱动性能、载流性能与开断性能)与定性状态指标(运行环境、外观情况、维修状况与生产厂家)。
对于定量指标将集对正态分布隶属函数数值作为分层证据理论方法的基本概率分配值。为了克服状态检测数据中存在的随机性影响,引入Ornstein-Uhlenbeck过程描述状态指标中存在的随机性,使状态评估中需要处理的不确定性评判过程更加全面。本文采用主客观组合加权方式来进行状态指标相对重要度区分,该方法既可以反映专家的经验意见,同时又可以体现状态指标的客观性价值,使得状态评估加权方法更加合理。
采用证据理论方法组合定量状态指标的基本概率分配,在进行证据组合之前,首先需要根据证据间的冲突—致性判断结果来确定证据间的冲突程度。对于证据冲突程度较低的情况,采用未知元素法对证据进行组合,即将冲突部分赋给证据识别框架；对于证据冲突程度较高的情况,采用相似系数加权的方法对证据进行组合。采用集对分析方法处理定性状态指标数据,获得设备定性状态的评估。最后将定性状态的评估结果与定量状态的评估结果结合,采用决策树方法制定状态检修计划。
最后利用某变电站的收集数据,应用本文评估方法进行高压断路器运行状态的分析,并对比模糊评判方法评判结果,结果表明应用本文方法进行高压断路器状态评估实用有效。
High voltage circuit breaker was designed to take in charge of the control and protection functions in the power system, which means the safety and stable operation of High voltage circuit breaker also determine the regional power system fault is isolation at times in the abnormal state and arrangements the common schedule in the abnormal state. Therefore, reasonably and accurately operation of circuit breaker for the security and stability of the entire power system is of great significance.
A new index system of condition assessment based on analysis of the function of circuit-breaker has been built, which include function of drive, current path, insulation and interrupter. Circuit-breaker would keep in the opening or closing state in long-term, but the main task of circuit-breaker is to make or interrupt the current when the state is changed.The condition assessment index system of function has been integrated by quantitative hierarchical state performance indicators and the qualitative status indicators.
The value of set pair membership function counted from quantitative condition indicators have used as the probability assignment of hierarchical evidence theory. To combined the membership function and the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, the condition assessment membership function could represent both the fuzziness and Randomness.
Before combination of the quantitative status indicators, the the evidence conflicts-consistency need to be determined. When the degree of conflict for evidence theory methods is low, the degree of conflict was set as the unknown element assigned to evidence recognition framework.When the degree of conflict for evidence theory methods process is high; the method of similarity coefficient weighted method combination is used to combin the evidence. By evidence combination, The quantitativ condition assessment resultse of status indicator was obtained. On-site equipment maintenance personnel has been inquired about in the form of a questionnaire about the condition of the certain circuit-breaker.The set pair analysis method has been used to analisis these data. To conbine the conclution of quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis by decision tree method, the maintenance schem could be settled.
The method introduced in this papper has been used to two instances of high voltage circuit breaker. Compared with the result of fuzzy evaluation method, it proves that the method introduced in this papper is effective.
本文建立了高压断路器系统的综合状态评估体系,将高压断路器运行状态指标分类,主要包括：定量状态指标(绝缘性能、驱动性能、载流性能与开断性能)与定性状态指标(运行环境、外观情况、维修状况与生产厂家)。
对于定量指标将集对正态分布隶属函数数值作为分层证据理论方法的基本概率分配值。为了克服状态检测数据中存在的随机性影响,引入Ornstein-Uhlenbeck过程描述状态指标中存在的随机性,使状态评估中需要处理的不确定性评判过程更加全面。本文采用主客观组合加权方式来进行状态指标相对重要度区分,该方法既可以反映专家的经验意见,同时又可以体现状态指标的客观性价值,使得状态评估加权方法更加合理。
采用证据理论方法组合定量状态指标的基本概率分配,在进行证据组合之前,首先需要根据证据间的冲突—致性判断结果来确定证据间的冲突程度。对于证据冲突程度较低的情况,采用未知元素法对证据进行组合,即将冲突部分赋给证据识别框架；对于证据冲突程度较高的情况,采用相似系数加权的方法对证据进行组合。采用集对分析方法处理定性状态指标数据,获得设备定性状态的评估。最后将定性状态的评估结果与定量状态的评估结果结合,采用决策树方法制定状态检修计划。
最后利用某变电站的收集数据,应用本文评估方法进行高压断路器运行状态的分析,并对比模糊评判方法评判结果,结果表明应用本文方法进行高压断路器状态评估实用有效。
High voltage circuit breaker was designed to take in charge of the control and protection functions in the power system, which means the safety and stable operation of High voltage circuit breaker also determine the regional power system fault is isolation at times in the abnormal state and arrangements the common schedule in the abnormal state. Therefore, reasonably and accurately operation of circuit breaker for the security and stability of the entire power system is of great significance.
A new index system of condition assessment based on analysis of the function of circuit-breaker has been built, which include function of drive, current path, insulation and interrupter. Circuit-breaker would keep in the opening or closing state in long-term, but the main task of circuit-breaker is to make or interrupt the current when the state is changed.The condition assessment index system of function has been integrated by quantitative hierarchical state performance indicators and the qualitative status indicators.
The value of set pair membership function counted from quantitative condition indicators have used as the probability assignment of hierarchical evidence theory. To combined the membership function and the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, the condition assessment membership function could represent both the fuzziness and Randomness.
Before combination of the quantitative status indicators, the the evidence conflicts-consistency need to be determined. When the degree of conflict for evidence theory methods is low, the degree of conflict was set as the unknown element assigned to evidence recognition framework.When the degree of conflict for evidence theory methods process is high; the method of similarity coefficient weighted method combination is used to combin the evidence. By evidence combination, The quantitativ condition assessment resultse of status indicator was obtained. On-site equipment maintenance personnel has been inquired about in the form of a questionnaire about the condition of the certain circuit-breaker.The set pair analysis method has been used to analisis these data. To conbine the conclution of quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis by decision tree method, the maintenance schem could be settled.
The method introduced in this papper has been used to two instances of high voltage circuit breaker. Compared with the result of fuzzy evaluation method, it proves that the method introduced in this papper is effective.
引文
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[2]Schlabbach R, Berka T. Reliability-centred maintenance of MV circuit-breakers[C].Power Tech Proceedings,2001 IEEE Porto:541-545
[3]刘有为,等,制订《电气设备状态维修导则》的原则框架[J].电网技术,2003,23(6)：64-67
[4]Byron A.Ellis,Condition Based Maintenance, http://www.jethroproject.com/CBM-1.pdf
[5]陈伟根等.高压断路器运行状态的变权模糊综合评判方法[J].高压电器,2009,45(3)：73-77
[6]李俭,孙才新,陈伟根,周淙,杜林.灰色聚类与模糊聚类集成诊断变压器内部故障的方法研究[J.]电机工程学报,2003,23(2)：112-115
[7]孟宪萌,胡和平.基于熵权的集对分析模型在水质综合评价中的应用[J].水利学报,2009,40(3)：257-262
[8]周谧.基于证据推理的多属性决策中若干问题的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2009.
[9]Tang W H, Spurgeon K, Wu Q H, et al. An evidential reasoning approach to transformer condition assessments[J].Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2004,19(4):1696-1703.
[10]Ruijin L, Hanbo Z, Grzybowski S, et al. An Integrated Decision-Making Model for Condition Assessment of Power Transformers Using Fuzzy Approach and Evidential Reasoning[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(2):1111-1118.
[11]赵文清,朱永利,姜波,张小奇,章斌.基于贝叶斯网络的电力变压器状态评估[J].高电压技术,2008,32(5)：1032-1039
[12]张镱议,廖瑞金等,基于云理论的电力变压器绝缘状态评估方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(5)：13-20
[13]王海蓉,徐阳,赵俊磊.基于SF6气体状态分析的SF6断路器在线监测和故障诊断[J].电气开关,2011(3)：44-47.
[14]陈家斌.SF6断路器实用技术[M].北京：中国水利出版社,2004.3
[15]李晓峰,霍凤鸣,甄利.利用SF6气体分解物对断路器运行状况进行诊断的方法探讨[J].高压电器,2011(1)：103-105.
[16]吕超,胡晓光.基于吸附势理论的SF6高压电器设备气体绝缘状态预测[J].中国电机工程学报,2006(1)：151-154.
[17]Natti S, Kezunovic M.Model for Quantifying the Effect of Circuit Breaker Maintenance Using Condition-Based Data[C].Power Tech,2007 IEEE Lausanne:1606-1610.
[18]Lee D S S, Lithgow B J,Morrison R E. New fault diagnosis of circuit breakers [J].Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2003,18(2):454-459.
[19]Leung C H, Streicher E, Fitzgerald D.Weibull Analysis of Switching Contact Resistance in Laboratory and Commercial Circuit Breakers[C].Electrical contacts-2007:56-62
[20]Shea J J, Bindas J A. Measuring molded case circuit breaker resistance[C].Electrical Contacts,1992:159-165
[21]Stanisic Z. Method for static and dynamic resistance measurements of HV circuit breaker[C]. Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Europe),2011:1-5
[22]Paoletti G, Baier M. Failure contributors of MV electrical equipment and condition assessment program development[C].Paper Industry Technical Conference,2001:37-47
[23]平丽,靳明明.红外热像技术在电气设备中的应用[J].红外,2010(3)：37-41.
[24]陈鹏,陆俭国,姚芳,等.动态接触电阻测量及触点失效预测研究[J].电工电能新技术,2005(3)：27-30.
[25]Rusek B. Timings of high voltage circuit-breaker[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2008(78): 2011-2016.
[26]孙来军,胡晓光,纪延超,一种基于振动信号的高压断路器故障诊断新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(6)：157-161
[27]黄建,胡晓光,巩玉楠,基于经验模态分解的高压断路器机械故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(12)：108-113
[28]Landry M,Lonard F,Beauchemin R. An improved vibration analysis algorithm as a diagnostic tool for detecting mechanical anomalies on power circuit breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(4):1986-1994.
[29]董越,肖登明,基于WP-AR模型的双谱估计在高压断路器振动信号处理中的应用[J].高压电器,2009,45(4)：137-141
[30]赵洋,刘汉宇,曾庆军.基于机械振动信号的高压真空断路器故障诊断研究[J].高压电器,2010,46(2)：46-51
[31]董越.SF6高压断路器在线监测及振动信号的分析[D].上海交通大学,2008.
[32]王振浩,杜凌艳,李国庆,等.动态时间规整算法诊断高压断路器故障[J].高电压技术,2006(10)：36-38.
[33]骆平,范瑜.基于RBFNN的高压断路器机械故障诊断系统[J].中国电力,2010(5)：30-34.
[34]袁金丽,李奎,郭志涛,等.基于SVM与分合闸线圈电流参数的高压断路器机械故障诊断[J].高压电器,2011(3)：26-30.
[35]Scott M S, Stephen D J M, Bruce S, et al. Providing Decision Support for the Condition-Based Maintenance of Circuit Breakers Through Data Mining of Trip Coil Current Signatures[J].Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on.2007,22(1):178-186.
[36]胡晓光,孙来军,纪延超.基于线圈电流和触点状态的断路器故障分析[J].电力自动化设备,2006(8)：5-7.
[37]Jianjun N, Chuanbiao Z, Yang S X. An Adaptive Approach Based on KPCA and SVM for Real-Time Fault Diagnosis of HVCBs[J].Power Delivery,IEEE Transactions on.2011,26(3): 1960-1971.
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