土地征收中增值收益分配的法律制度研究
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摘要
土地征收作为涉及到多方利益的行为引起了全社会广泛的关注。现阶段,我国正在从传统农业社会向现代工业社会转型,农民的弱势群体地位导致其在土地征收过程中利益损失很大。土地征收的补偿费只包括与征地有直接联系的经济损失,没有考虑到土地增值部分。围绕土地征收产生的社会纠纷,一度成为影响社会安定的潜在因素。笔者认为只有在各主体间合理分配土地征收中的增值收益,才能顺利推进我国土地制度的改革,才能确保社会主义市场经济健康而稳定的发展,才能构建和谐社会。
本文以土地征收中增值收益的分配为研究对象,全文分为六部分：第一部分,主要介绍研究背景和意义、国内外研究综述以及研究目标和方法,为后面的进一步分析做铺垫。第二部分,首先对基本概念进行了界定,包括土地征收和土地征收中的增值收益。其次是对土地征收中增值收益的形成机理进行了分析,分为合理性增值和不合理性增值两大类,对两大类又分别进行了分析。第三部分,从各分配主体的角度对分配现状进行了分析,指出了此现状造成的问题。第四部分,从主观和客观两方面对现状的原因进行了详细阐述。第五部分,首先提出了合理分配土地征收中增值收益的理论基础,又指出了合理分配的原则,即公平原则、市场经济原则和安全性原则。根据该三项原则,提出新的分配方式,即按照增值来源进行相应的分配。在前一部分分析的原因基础上提出了具体的改革措施。第六部分,对全文进行总结并给出研究的结论,并指出研究不足之处和后续工作努力的方向。
Land acquisition as a behavior involving multiple interests is widespread concern by the society. Currently, China is moving from a traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial society, the farmers as the status of vulnerable groups are led to big losses in the process of land expropriation. Compensation for land expropriation and requisition only include economic losses directly linked to acquisition, not considered the part of the land value. Around the social disputes of land acquisition, it had become a potential factor affecting social stability. I think it's necessary to be allocation of land acquisition between the main value-added gains in rational, so that it can smoothly promote the reform of China's land system and ensure the socialist market economy healthy and stable development, we can build a harmonious society.
In this article, I focus on the value-added benefits distribution in land acquisition, and the article is divided into six parts:the first part introduces the research background and significance, current research and research objectives and methods, which lay the groundwork for the subsequent further analysis.In the second part, first of all I define the basic concepts, including land acquisition and land expropriation in the value-added benefits. Followed I analyze the formation mechanism of the value of land revenue in the land acquisition, which is divided into reasonable and unreasonable value-added two categories, that are analyzed again. In the third part, I analyze the main current situation of distribution from the perspective of the main body of distribution, pointing out that the problems caused by this situation. In the fourth part, I describe the reasons for the current situation from the subjective and objective in detail. In the fifth part, firstly I propose the theoretical basis of value-added benefits in the land acquisition, and point out three principles, that is, the principles of equity, market economy principles and security policy principals. According to the three principles, I put forward a new distribution method that is in accordance with the appropriate distribution of value-added sources. Meanwhile, I also point out the specific reform measures on the basis of analysis of the first part.In the PartⅥ,Ⅰget a summary of the paper, give conclusions, and point out deficiencies and follow-up efforts.
本文以土地征收中增值收益的分配为研究对象,全文分为六部分：第一部分,主要介绍研究背景和意义、国内外研究综述以及研究目标和方法,为后面的进一步分析做铺垫。第二部分,首先对基本概念进行了界定,包括土地征收和土地征收中的增值收益。其次是对土地征收中增值收益的形成机理进行了分析,分为合理性增值和不合理性增值两大类,对两大类又分别进行了分析。第三部分,从各分配主体的角度对分配现状进行了分析,指出了此现状造成的问题。第四部分,从主观和客观两方面对现状的原因进行了详细阐述。第五部分,首先提出了合理分配土地征收中增值收益的理论基础,又指出了合理分配的原则,即公平原则、市场经济原则和安全性原则。根据该三项原则,提出新的分配方式,即按照增值来源进行相应的分配。在前一部分分析的原因基础上提出了具体的改革措施。第六部分,对全文进行总结并给出研究的结论,并指出研究不足之处和后续工作努力的方向。
Land acquisition as a behavior involving multiple interests is widespread concern by the society. Currently, China is moving from a traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial society, the farmers as the status of vulnerable groups are led to big losses in the process of land expropriation. Compensation for land expropriation and requisition only include economic losses directly linked to acquisition, not considered the part of the land value. Around the social disputes of land acquisition, it had become a potential factor affecting social stability. I think it's necessary to be allocation of land acquisition between the main value-added gains in rational, so that it can smoothly promote the reform of China's land system and ensure the socialist market economy healthy and stable development, we can build a harmonious society.
In this article, I focus on the value-added benefits distribution in land acquisition, and the article is divided into six parts:the first part introduces the research background and significance, current research and research objectives and methods, which lay the groundwork for the subsequent further analysis.In the second part, first of all I define the basic concepts, including land acquisition and land expropriation in the value-added benefits. Followed I analyze the formation mechanism of the value of land revenue in the land acquisition, which is divided into reasonable and unreasonable value-added two categories, that are analyzed again. In the third part, I analyze the main current situation of distribution from the perspective of the main body of distribution, pointing out that the problems caused by this situation. In the fourth part, I describe the reasons for the current situation from the subjective and objective in detail. In the fifth part, firstly I propose the theoretical basis of value-added benefits in the land acquisition, and point out three principles, that is, the principles of equity, market economy principles and security policy principals. According to the three principles, I put forward a new distribution method that is in accordance with the appropriate distribution of value-added sources. Meanwhile, I also point out the specific reform measures on the basis of analysis of the first part.In the PartⅥ,Ⅰget a summary of the paper, give conclusions, and point out deficiencies and follow-up efforts.
引文
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[17]周诚.我国农地转非自然增值分配的‘私公兼顾’论[J].中国发展观察,2006(9)：27
[18]Sharpley R.Tourism,tourists and society[M].Huntingdon:ELM,1994.129～132
[19]周诚.土地增值分配应当‘私公共享’”[J].中国改革,2006(5)：77-78
[20]张爱萍.被征农用土地的增值及其收益分配研究[D].[硕士学位论文].2006
[21]费孝通.乡土社会——生育制度[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1998.6
[22]苏力.送法下乡[M].北京：中国政法大学出版社,2000.316-321
[23]王天奇.我国农村土地征收补偿标准制度的完善[J].山西省政法管理干部学院学报,2009(2)：27
[24]韩雄.明晰农村集体土地产权切实保障农民合法权益[J].国土资源,2007(2)：27
[25]吴文元,朱冬梅.失地农民社会保障基金的设立与管理[J].财经科学,2005(2)：179
[2]沈开举.外国行政补偿制度研究[M].
[3]黄宗乐.土地征收补偿法上若干问题之研讨[J].台大法学论丛,x(1)
[4]杨建顺.日本行政法通论[M].北京：中国法制出版社,1998.608
[5]王名扬.法国行政法[M].北京：中国政法大学出版社,1988.393
[6]王坤,李志强.新中国土地征收制度研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009.22
[7]张爱萍.被征农用土地的增值及其收益分配研究[D].[硕士学位论文].2006
[8]姜开勤.征用土地增值收益分配分析[J].农业经济,2004(10)：14-16
[9]马贤磊,曲福田.经济转型期土地征收增值收益形成机理及其分配[J].中国土地科学,2006(10)：2-6
[10]邓宏乾.土地增值收益分配机制：创新与改革[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2008(9)：42-49
[11]王巨祥.推进农村集体土地收益分配制度改革[J].江苏农村经济,2009(4)：32-34
[12]邱鹏飞,李建锐,雍国玮.农用地征用后增值收益分配及其合理利用研究[J].西南农业学报,2005(18)：106
[13]袁苗.征用土地增值收益分配：一种基于产权经济学的分析框架[J].农村经济与科技,2006(12)：26
[14]李涛.农地征用的收益分配及博弈分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,2006(9)：28
[15]周天勇.呼吁：尽快改革买地财政体制[N].经济参考报,2008年02月22日：10
[16]刘玲,陈诗高.我国土地市场上的政府角色研究[J].市场论坛,2005(12)：21
[17]周诚.我国农地转非自然增值分配的‘私公兼顾’论[J].中国发展观察,2006(9)：27
[18]Sharpley R.Tourism,tourists and society[M].Huntingdon:ELM,1994.129～132
[19]周诚.土地增值分配应当‘私公共享’”[J].中国改革,2006(5)：77-78
[20]张爱萍.被征农用土地的增值及其收益分配研究[D].[硕士学位论文].2006
[21]费孝通.乡土社会——生育制度[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1998.6
[22]苏力.送法下乡[M].北京：中国政法大学出版社,2000.316-321
[23]王天奇.我国农村土地征收补偿标准制度的完善[J].山西省政法管理干部学院学报,2009(2)：27
[24]韩雄.明晰农村集体土地产权切实保障农民合法权益[J].国土资源,2007(2)：27
[25]吴文元,朱冬梅.失地农民社会保障基金的设立与管理[J].财经科学,2005(2)：179