水稻叶片衰老特异性启动子的克隆和利用及剑叶早期衰老上升表达基因的鉴定
|
摘要
水稻是人类最重要的粮食作物之一。虽然目前杂交水稻的推广很大程度上解决了世界人民的粮食问题,但是一些优良品种尤其是一些籼型品种在中后期衰老快,限制了更多有机物的形成和积累,不利于结实率和千粒重等产量相关性状的提高。解决这个问题的关键是了解叶片衰老的机制,创造延缓水稻叶片衰老的途径,进而提高有机物在籽粒中的积累。利用衰老特异性启动子驱动细胞分裂素基因表达、抑制衰老上升基因表达或者过量表达衰老下降基因都有可能实现持绿性水稻的目标。本实验针对这个问题,克隆鉴定了水稻来源的衰老特异性启动子,并用该启动子驱动农杆菌来源的细胞分裂素合成酶基因转化籼稻和粳稻,筛选持绿性家系,并且构建了中花11剑叶的早期衰老上升表达文库,主要结果如下:
1.克隆水稻启动子P_(SAG39),通过报告基因GUS融合表达载体转化水稻鉴定其时空组织特异性表达谱。经过组织化学鉴定发现其在叶、茎、根、花、颖壳及未成熟种子的种皮、愈伤组织中表达,在成熟种子及胚乳中不表达,而且在叶片衰老晚期表达量达到高峰,揭示该启动子是叶片衰老特异性,而且可以应用于基因工程育种改良研究。
2.鉴于启动子序列预测出多种激素响应相关的顺式作用位点,本实验用瞬时表达体系检测激素和冷胁迫对一系列5'端缺失启动子的表达情况,并且研究了缺失启动子的衰老特异性表达谱,确定P_(SAG39)启动子的衰老相关的顺式作用位点存在的区段。通过凝胶阻滞实验鉴定了可能对衰老上升表达起作用的顺式因子。揭示顺式作用位点HBOXCONSENSUSPVCHS和WRKY71OS与叶片衰老特异表达有关。
3.在粳稻中成功转化了P_(SAG39):IPT表达系统,繁殖并筛选了单拷贝插入的转基因纯合家系,5个以牡丹江8~#为受体:MT1、MT2、MT3、MT4、MT5:3个以中花11为受体:ZT1、ZT2、ZT3。
4.研究转P_(SAG39):IPT表达系统的阳性转基因水稻的叶片持绿性变化,发现持绿性增强,且这个表型与外源基因IPT的表达量共分离。
5.调查了转化植株表达的细胞分裂素在光照下对幼苗生长及抽穗期产生的影响,P_(SAG39):IPT的转基因植株表达细胞分裂素在一定光照条件下(14小时或24小时)影响了种子刚萌发时芽的生长,但是不会影响茎杆的继续伸长。在长日照条件下,转基因中花11植株表达细胞分裂素刺激了OsMADS50的表达,从而提前开花。
6.探明结实期间碳氮代谢水平是否发生变化,通过分析纯合家系ZT1可溶性糖含量和全氮含量发现,糖及氮素水平的改变引起叶片的库源转换发生变化从而引发叶片衰老。
7.完成纯合家系的随机区组试验,每个小区设置三个重复,调查转基因植株的持绿性和其他农艺性状。转基因阳性株系ZT1、ZT2的生物学产量相对其阴性株系降低约8-10%,千粒重增加约5-9%。
8.以绿色叶片为driver,早期衰老叶片为tester,用抑制差减杂交法完成水稻剑叶早期衰老特异基因文库的构建,以driver和tester的总RNA为探针分别进行文库克隆的Macroarray杂交,筛选出815个差异表达的ESTs。通过生物信息学分析(阳性克隆聚类及GO分析),一共确定了533个单基因,其中183个有GO注释,涉及大分子物质代谢、调控蛋白质合成、能量代谢、调节基因、解毒、病原性和逆境、细胞骨架构成和花发育。121个与已报导过的持绿相关QTLs共线性,其余是功能未知的新基因。
9.从文库中随机挑选50个阳性克隆的Northern杂交验证了差减杂交的效率和准确度,达到60%以上。对几个未知功能的基因进行定量PCR实验,发现它们不仅在自然衰老早期上升表达,而且不同程度的受到激素的诱导。这些基因为阐明衰老机制提供了一定基础。
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world.Though the spread abroad of hybrid paddy rice greatly resolved the lacking of food for the world population,most of the wildly-used hybrids(especially indica rice) were early senescence in the late development,which limits the sythesis and accumulation of carbohydrates,unfavorable to seed rating or grain yield improvement.The key to solve the problem is to understanding the mechanism of leaf senescence and then find a pathway to delay senescence,so as to improve grain filling.Utilizing cytokinin synthesis gene under control of senescence-specific promoter,suppressing senescence up-regulated genes or overexpression senescence down-regulated genes all possibly lead to creating stay-green rice.In this study,a rice senescence-specific promoter was isolated and identified,and drived a cytokinin synthesis gene from Agrobacterium in transgenic indica and japonica rice,then the stay-green lines were selected.At the same time,we constructed a flag leaf early senescence SSH library of japonica rice Zhonghua 11.The main results were as follows:
1.A rice promoter P_(SAG39) was cloned and its time and spatial expression patterns were identified in transgenic plant through the repoter gene gus.Gus staining results showd the promoter expressed in leaf,culm,root,flower,glume;immature seed coat and callus,but not in mature seed.mRNA of the gene accumulated at highest level at late senescence stage.Above all,the promoter is senescence specific and could be used in crop genetic improvement.
2.According to PLACE,various cis elements were predicted.We checked expression mode of a series of 5'-truncated promoters in response to hormones and cold treatment in rice calli,and to leaf senescence in 5' end deletion transgenes.In the analysis of gel retardation assay,we obtained two cis-acting elements HBOXCONSENSUSPVCHS and WRKY71OS for responding to leaf senescence.
3.P_(SAG39):IPT was transformed to japonica rice successfully.We selected homozygous IPT transgenic lines with single copy insertion,containing 5 lines using MDJ8~# as a recipient named MT1,MT2,MT3,MT4 and MT5,and 3 lines using ZH11 as a recipient named ZT1,ZT2 and ZT3.
4.Measuring chlorophyll concentration of flag leaves indicated that stay-green phenotype was coseparation with the leves of ipt in P_(SAG39):IPT positive transgenes.
5.We investigated the impact of cytokinin in the transgenes on seedling growth and heading mediated by the lighta and found that in a certain light conditions(14 hours or 24 hours) cytokinin has affected the germination of seeds,the growth of buds,but not the stem elongation.In the long-day conditions,cytokinin stimulates the expression of OsMADS50,thereby leads to early flowering.
6.The changes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism were detected in ZT1 at reproductive growth stage.By sugar and nitrogen contents determination,we found sink source transition triggered the onset of leaf senescence.
7.The plot-test was performed to evaluate green-stay and other agronomic traits by random block designation in triplicates.In ZT1 and ZT2 the biological yield decreased about 8-10%,and 1000-grain weight increased about 5-9%compared with that of the non-transgenic plants.
8.We constructed a flag leaf early senescence library of japonica rice Zhonghua 11 by suppression subtractive hybridization using the green flag leaves as the driver and the early natural senescence flag leaves as the tester.815 differentially expressed ESTs were screen using total RNA of driver and tester as probes through macroarray analyses.A total of 533 unigenes have been confirmed by bioinformatics analysis(ESTClustering and GO annotation).183 of these unigenes have GO annotations,involved in macromolecule metabolism,protein biosynthesis regulation,energy metabolism,gene expression regulations,detoxification,pathogenicity and stress,cytoskeleton organization and flower development.Another 121 unigenes co-localized with previously reported known stay-green QTLS.Else were functional unkown.
9.To confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the library,we performed reverse northern blotting analysis using 50 randomly selected cDNA fragments as probes from the SSH library.The result showd the efficiency was more than 60%.RT-PCR analysis on the other novel genes indicated that they can be up-regulated in natural early senescence and induced by hormone in different levels.These genes provide new insight into the onset of leaf senescence mechanism.
1.克隆水稻启动子P_(SAG39),通过报告基因GUS融合表达载体转化水稻鉴定其时空组织特异性表达谱。经过组织化学鉴定发现其在叶、茎、根、花、颖壳及未成熟种子的种皮、愈伤组织中表达,在成熟种子及胚乳中不表达,而且在叶片衰老晚期表达量达到高峰,揭示该启动子是叶片衰老特异性,而且可以应用于基因工程育种改良研究。
2.鉴于启动子序列预测出多种激素响应相关的顺式作用位点,本实验用瞬时表达体系检测激素和冷胁迫对一系列5'端缺失启动子的表达情况,并且研究了缺失启动子的衰老特异性表达谱,确定P_(SAG39)启动子的衰老相关的顺式作用位点存在的区段。通过凝胶阻滞实验鉴定了可能对衰老上升表达起作用的顺式因子。揭示顺式作用位点HBOXCONSENSUSPVCHS和WRKY71OS与叶片衰老特异表达有关。
3.在粳稻中成功转化了P_(SAG39):IPT表达系统,繁殖并筛选了单拷贝插入的转基因纯合家系,5个以牡丹江8~#为受体:MT1、MT2、MT3、MT4、MT5:3个以中花11为受体:ZT1、ZT2、ZT3。
4.研究转P_(SAG39):IPT表达系统的阳性转基因水稻的叶片持绿性变化,发现持绿性增强,且这个表型与外源基因IPT的表达量共分离。
5.调查了转化植株表达的细胞分裂素在光照下对幼苗生长及抽穗期产生的影响,P_(SAG39):IPT的转基因植株表达细胞分裂素在一定光照条件下(14小时或24小时)影响了种子刚萌发时芽的生长,但是不会影响茎杆的继续伸长。在长日照条件下,转基因中花11植株表达细胞分裂素刺激了OsMADS50的表达,从而提前开花。
6.探明结实期间碳氮代谢水平是否发生变化,通过分析纯合家系ZT1可溶性糖含量和全氮含量发现,糖及氮素水平的改变引起叶片的库源转换发生变化从而引发叶片衰老。
7.完成纯合家系的随机区组试验,每个小区设置三个重复,调查转基因植株的持绿性和其他农艺性状。转基因阳性株系ZT1、ZT2的生物学产量相对其阴性株系降低约8-10%,千粒重增加约5-9%。
8.以绿色叶片为driver,早期衰老叶片为tester,用抑制差减杂交法完成水稻剑叶早期衰老特异基因文库的构建,以driver和tester的总RNA为探针分别进行文库克隆的Macroarray杂交,筛选出815个差异表达的ESTs。通过生物信息学分析(阳性克隆聚类及GO分析),一共确定了533个单基因,其中183个有GO注释,涉及大分子物质代谢、调控蛋白质合成、能量代谢、调节基因、解毒、病原性和逆境、细胞骨架构成和花发育。121个与已报导过的持绿相关QTLs共线性,其余是功能未知的新基因。
9.从文库中随机挑选50个阳性克隆的Northern杂交验证了差减杂交的效率和准确度,达到60%以上。对几个未知功能的基因进行定量PCR实验,发现它们不仅在自然衰老早期上升表达,而且不同程度的受到激素的诱导。这些基因为阐明衰老机制提供了一定基础。
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world.Though the spread abroad of hybrid paddy rice greatly resolved the lacking of food for the world population,most of the wildly-used hybrids(especially indica rice) were early senescence in the late development,which limits the sythesis and accumulation of carbohydrates,unfavorable to seed rating or grain yield improvement.The key to solve the problem is to understanding the mechanism of leaf senescence and then find a pathway to delay senescence,so as to improve grain filling.Utilizing cytokinin synthesis gene under control of senescence-specific promoter,suppressing senescence up-regulated genes or overexpression senescence down-regulated genes all possibly lead to creating stay-green rice.In this study,a rice senescence-specific promoter was isolated and identified,and drived a cytokinin synthesis gene from Agrobacterium in transgenic indica and japonica rice,then the stay-green lines were selected.At the same time,we constructed a flag leaf early senescence SSH library of japonica rice Zhonghua 11.The main results were as follows:
1.A rice promoter P_(SAG39) was cloned and its time and spatial expression patterns were identified in transgenic plant through the repoter gene gus.Gus staining results showd the promoter expressed in leaf,culm,root,flower,glume;immature seed coat and callus,but not in mature seed.mRNA of the gene accumulated at highest level at late senescence stage.Above all,the promoter is senescence specific and could be used in crop genetic improvement.
2.According to PLACE,various cis elements were predicted.We checked expression mode of a series of 5'-truncated promoters in response to hormones and cold treatment in rice calli,and to leaf senescence in 5' end deletion transgenes.In the analysis of gel retardation assay,we obtained two cis-acting elements HBOXCONSENSUSPVCHS and WRKY71OS for responding to leaf senescence.
3.P_(SAG39):IPT was transformed to japonica rice successfully.We selected homozygous IPT transgenic lines with single copy insertion,containing 5 lines using MDJ8~# as a recipient named MT1,MT2,MT3,MT4 and MT5,and 3 lines using ZH11 as a recipient named ZT1,ZT2 and ZT3.
4.Measuring chlorophyll concentration of flag leaves indicated that stay-green phenotype was coseparation with the leves of ipt in P_(SAG39):IPT positive transgenes.
5.We investigated the impact of cytokinin in the transgenes on seedling growth and heading mediated by the lighta and found that in a certain light conditions(14 hours or 24 hours) cytokinin has affected the germination of seeds,the growth of buds,but not the stem elongation.In the long-day conditions,cytokinin stimulates the expression of OsMADS50,thereby leads to early flowering.
6.The changes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism were detected in ZT1 at reproductive growth stage.By sugar and nitrogen contents determination,we found sink source transition triggered the onset of leaf senescence.
7.The plot-test was performed to evaluate green-stay and other agronomic traits by random block designation in triplicates.In ZT1 and ZT2 the biological yield decreased about 8-10%,and 1000-grain weight increased about 5-9%compared with that of the non-transgenic plants.
8.We constructed a flag leaf early senescence library of japonica rice Zhonghua 11 by suppression subtractive hybridization using the green flag leaves as the driver and the early natural senescence flag leaves as the tester.815 differentially expressed ESTs were screen using total RNA of driver and tester as probes through macroarray analyses.A total of 533 unigenes have been confirmed by bioinformatics analysis(ESTClustering and GO annotation).183 of these unigenes have GO annotations,involved in macromolecule metabolism,protein biosynthesis regulation,energy metabolism,gene expression regulations,detoxification,pathogenicity and stress,cytoskeleton organization and flower development.Another 121 unigenes co-localized with previously reported known stay-green QTLS.Else were functional unkown.
9.To confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the library,we performed reverse northern blotting analysis using 50 randomly selected cDNA fragments as probes from the SSH library.The result showd the efficiency was more than 60%.RT-PCR analysis on the other novel genes indicated that they can be up-regulated in natural early senescence and induced by hormone in different levels.These genes provide new insight into the onset of leaf senescence mechanism.
引文
1 王关林,方宏筠.植物基因工程.北京,科学出版社,2002,670-675
2 Aarts M G M,Dirkse W G,Stiekema W J,Pereira A.Transposon tagging of a male sterility gene in Arabidopsis.Nature,1993,715:717
3 Abdelkhalik A F,Shishido R,Nomura K,Ikehashi H.QTL-based analysis of leaf senescence in an indica/japonica hybrid in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Theor Appl Genet,2005,110:1226-1235
4 Abe H,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Urao T,Iwasaki T,Hosokawa D,Shinozaki K.Role of Arabidopsis MYC and MYB homologs in drought-and abscisic acid-regulated gene expression.Plant Cell,1997,9:1859-1868
5 Ackers G K,Johnson A D,Shea M A.Quantitative model for gene regulation by lambda phage repressor.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1982,79:1129-1136
6 Afolabi A S,Wodand B,Shape J W,Vain P.A large-scale study of rice plants transformed with different T-DNAs provides new insights into locus composition and T-DNA linkage configurations.Theor Appl Genet,2004,109:815-826
7 Akama K,Akihiro T,Kitagawa M,Takaiwa F.Rice(Oryza sativa) contains a novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic calmodulin-binding domain at the C-terminus.Biochim Biophys Acta,2001,1522:143-150
8 Alnemri E S,Livingston D J,Nicholson D W,Salvesen G,Thomberry N A,Wong W W,Yuan J.Human ICE/CED-3 protease nomenclature.Cell,1996,87:171
9 Altschul S F,Madden T L,Schaffer A A,Zhang J,Zhang Z,Miller W,Lipman D J.Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST:a new generation of protein database search programs.Nucleic Acids Res,1997,25:3389-3402
10 Ambler J R,Morgan P W,Jordan W R.Genetic regulation of senescence in a tropical grass.In:Thomson W W,Nothnagel E A,Huffaker R C eds,Plant Senescence:Its Biochemistry and Physiology.Rockville:American Society of Plant Physiologists.1987,43-53
11 An G,Lee S,Kim S H,Kim S R.Molecular genetics using T-DNA in rice.Plant Cell Physiol,2005,46:14-22
12 Anai T,Koga M,Tanaka H,Kinoshita T,Rahman S M,Takagi Y.Improvement of rice(Oryza sativa L.) seed oil quality through introduction of a soybean microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene.Plant Cell Rep,2003,21:988-992
13 Andersson A,Keskitalo J,Sjodin A,Bhalerao R,Sterky F.Wissel K,Tandre K,Aspeborg H,Moyle R,Ohmiya Y.A transcriptional timetable of autumn senescence.Genome Biol,2004,5:R24
14 Angenon G,Van Montagu M,Depicker A.Analysis of the stop codon context in plant nuclear genes.FEBS Lett,1990,271:144-156
15 Annadana S,Beekwilder M J,Kuipers G,Visser P B,Outchkourov N,Pereira A,Udayakumar M,De Jong J,Jongsma M A.Cloning of the chrysanthemum UEP1 promoter and comparative expression in florets and leaves of dendranthema grandiflora.Transgenic Res,2002,11:437-445
16 Ansari M I,Lee R H,Chen S-C G.A novel senescence-associated gene encoding γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA):pyruvate transaminase is upregulated during rice leaf senescence.Physiol Plantarum,2005,123:1-8
17 Aoyama T,Chua N H.A glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional induction system in transgenic plants.Plant J,1997,11:605-612
18 Armstead I,Donnison I,Aubry S,Harper J,Hortensteiner S,James C,Mani J,Moffet M,Ougham H,Roberts L.Cross-species identification of Mendel's I locus.Science,2007,315:73
19 Armstrong D J.Cytokinin oxidase and the regulation of cytokinin degradation.In:David W S M,Machteld M C,ed.,Cytokinins:Chemistry,Activity,and Function.Boca Raton,Florida:CRC Press,1994,139-54
20 Asakawa K,Suster M L,Mizusawa K,Nagayoshi S,Kotani T,Urasaki A,Kishimoto Y,Hibi M,Kawakami K.Genetic dissection of neural circuits by Tol2 transposon-mediated Gal4 gene and enhancer trapping in zebrafish.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2008,105:1255-1260
21 Ashikari M,Sakakibara H,Lin S,Yamamoto T,Takashi T,Nishimura A,Angeles E R,Qian Q,Kitano H,Matsuoka M.Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production.Science,2005.309:741-745
22 Bachem C W B,van der Hoeven R S,de Bruijn S M,Vreugdenhil D,Zabeau M,Visser R G F.Visualization of differential gene expression using a novel method of RNA fingerprinting based on AFLP:analysis of gene expression during potato tuber development.Plant J,1996,9:745-753
23 Bajji M,Lutts S,Kinet J M.Physiological changes after exposure to and recovery from polyethylene glycol-induced water deficit in roots and leaves of durum wheat(Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars differing in drought resistance.Plant Physiol,2000,157:100-108
24 Baranowskij N,Frohberg C,Prat S,Willmitzer L.A novel DNA binding protein with homology to Myb oncoproteins containing only one repeat can function as a transcriptional activator.EMBO J,1994,13:5383-5392
25 Bastola D R,Pethe V V,Winicov I.Alfinl,a novel zinc-finger protein in alfalfa roots that binds to promoter elements in the salt-inducible MsPRP2 gene.Plant Mol Biol,1998,38:1123-1135
26 Baurle I,Laux T.Regulation of WUSCHEL Transcription in the stem cell niche of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem.Plant Cell,2005,17:2271-2280
27 Bhaierao R,Keskitalo J,Sterky F,Erlandsson R,Bjorkbacka H,Birve S J,Karlsson J,Gardestrom P,Gustafsson P,Lundeberg J.Gene expression in autumn leaves.Plant Physiol,2003,131:430-442
28 Bi X,Khush G S,Bennett J.The rice nucellin gene ortholog OsAsp1 encodes an active aspartic protease without a plant-specific insert and is strongly expressed in early embryo.Plant Cell Physiol,2005,46:87-98
29 Bleecker A B,Estelle M A,Somerville C,Kende H.Insensitivity to ethylene conferred by a dominant mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana.Science,1988,241:1086-1089
30 Bliffied M.Genetic engineering of wheat for increased resistance to powdey mildew disease.The,or Appl Genet,1999,98:1079-1086
31 Bonneau L,Ge Y,Drury G E,Gallois P.What happened to plant caspases? J Exp Bot,2008,
32 Borrell A K,Hammer G L,Henzell R G.Does maintaining green leaf area in sorghum improve yield under drought? Ⅱ.Dry Matter Production and Yield.Crop Sci,2000,40:1037-1048
33 Borrell A K,Hammer G L,Van Oosterom E.Stay green:a consequence of the balance between supply and demand for nitrogen during grain filling.Ann Appl Biol,2001,138:91-95
34 Bouehez D,Tokuhisa J G,Llewellyn D J,Dennis E S,Ellis J G.The oes-element is a component of the promoters of several T-DNA and plant viral genes.EMBO J,1989,8:4197-4204
35 Bouffartigues E,Buckle M,Badaut C,Travers A,Rimsky S.H-NS cooperative binding to high-affinity sites in a regulatory element results in transcriptional silencing.Nat Struct Mol Biol,2007,14:441-448
36 Bourque J E,Folk W R.Suppression of gene expression in plant cells utilizing antisense sequences transcribed by RNA polymerase Ⅲ.Plant Mol Biol,1992,19:641-647
37 Bradford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.Anal Biochem,1976,72:248-254
38 Brand A H,Perrimon N.Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes.Development,1993,118:401-415
39 Bratanich A,Blanchetot A.A gene similar to the human hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (RHAMM) gene is upregulated during porcine circovirus type 2 infection.Virus Genes,2006,32:145-152
40 Brouquisse R,James F,Raymond P,Pradet A.Study of glucose starvation in excised maize root tips.Plant Physiol,1991,96:619-626
41 Brown R L,Kazan K,McGrath K C,Maclean D J,Manners J M.A role for the GCC-box in jasmonate-mediated activation of the PDF1.2 gene of Arabidopsis.Plant Physiol,2003,132:1020-1032
42 Brutnell T P.Transposon tagging in maize.Funct Integr Genomics,2002,2:4-12
43 Buchanan-Wollaston V.The molecular biology of leaf senescence.J Exp Bot,1997,307:181-199
44 Buchanan-Wollaston V,Earl S,Harrison E,Mathas E,Navabpour S,Page T,Pink D.The molecular analysis of leaf senescence-a genomics approach.Plant Biotechnol J,2003,1:3-22
45 Buchanan-Wollaston V,Page T,Harrison E,Breeze E,Lim P O,Nam H G,Lin J F,Wu S H,Swidzinski J,Ishizaki K.Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals significant differences in gene expression and signalling pathways between developmental and dark/starvation-induced senescence in Arabidopsis.Plant J,2005,42:567-585
46 Butler J E F,Kadonaga J T.The RNA polymerase Ⅱ core promoter:a key component in the regulation of gene expression.Genes Dev,2002,16:2583-2592
47 Caddick M X, Greenland A J, Jepson I, Krause K P, Qu N, Riddell K V, Salter M G, Schuch W, Sonnewald U, Tomsett A B. An ethanol inducible gene switch for plants used to manipulate carbon metabolism. Nat Biotechnol, 1998, 16: 177-180
48 Cai M, Qiu D, Yuan T, Ding X, Li H, Duan L I U, Xu C, Li X, Wang S. Identification of novel pathogen-responsive cis-elements and their binding proteins in the promoter of OsWRKY13, a gene regulating rice disease resistance. Plant Cell Environ, 2008, 31: 86-96
49 Cai M, Wei J, Li X, Xu C, Wang S. A rice promoter containing both novel positive and negative cis-elements for regulation of green tissue-specific gene expression in transgenic plants. Plant Biotechnol J, 2007, 5: 664-674
50 Calderini O, Bovone T, Scotti C, Pupilli F, Piano E, Arcioni S. Delay of leaf senescence in Medicago sativa transformed with the ipt gene controlled by the senescence-specific promoter SAG12. Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26: 611-615
51 Camera S, Geoffroy P, Samaha H, Ndiaye A, Rahim G, Legrand M, Heitz T. A pathogen-inducible patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolase facilitates fungal and bacterial host colonization in Arabidopsis. Plant J, 2005, 44: 810-825
52 Cao M L. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and the expression of autoregulatory senescence-inhibition system in rice. (Dessertation for Doctoral Degree). Wuhan: HuaZhong Agriculturial University. 1998
53 Cercos M, Gomez-Cadenas A, Ho T H D. Hormonal regulation of a cysteine proteinase gene, EPB-1, in barley aleurone layers: cis- and trans-acting elements involved in the co-ordinated gene expression regulated by gibberellins and abscisic acid. Plant J, 1999,19: 107-118
54 Cha K W, Lee Y J, Koh H J, Lee B M, Nam Y W, Paek N C. Isolation, characterization, and mapping of the stay green mutant in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2002,104: 526-532
55 Chang H, Jones M L, Banowetz G M, Clark D G Overproduction of cytokinins in Petunia flowers transformed with PSAG12-IPT delays crolla snescence and dcreases snsitivity to ehylene. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 2174-2183
56 Chattopadhyay S, Puente P, Deng X W, Wei N. Combinatorial interaction of light-responsive elements plays a critical role in determining the response characteristics of light-regulated promoters in Arabidopsis. Plant J, 1998, 15: 69-77
57 Chazen O, Neumann P. Hydraulic signals from the roots and rapid cell-wall hardening in growing maize (Zea mays L.) leaves are primary responses to polyethylene glycol-induced water deficits. Plant Physiol, 1994,104: 1385-1392
58 Chen J, Wan J, Jiang H, Gao X L, Wang P R, Xi J, Xu Z J. Cloning and expression analysis of OsNADPH1 Gene from rice in drought stress response. Rice Sci, 2006, 13: 149-154
59 Chen M, Liu L, Chen Y, Wu HK, Yu S. Expression of a-amylases, carbohydrate metabolism, and autophagy in cultured rice cells is coordinately regulated by sugar nutrient. Plant J, 1994, 6: 625-636
60 Chen S, Jin W, Wang M, Zhang F, Zhou J, Jia Q, Wu Y, Liu F, Wu P. Technical Advance Distribution and characterization of over 1000 T-DNA tags in rice genome. Plant J, 2003, 36: 105-113
61 Chen W, Provart N J, Glazebrook J, Katagiri F, Chang H S, Eulgem T, Mauch F, Luan S, Zou G, Whitham S A. Expression profile matrix of Arabidopsis transcription factor genes suggests their putative functions in response to environmental stresses. Plant Cell, 2002, 14: 559-574
62 Cheong Y H, Moon B C, Kim J K, Kim C Y, Kim M C, Kim I H, Park C Y, Kim J C, Park B O, Koo S C. BWMK1, a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase, locates in the nucleus and mediates mathogenesis-related gene expression by activation of a transcription factor 1. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 1961-1972
63 Chinju K. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of rice proteins by polyethylene glycol fractionation for protein arrays. Electrophoresis, 2001, 22: 2103-2109
64 Cho M J, Yano H, Okamoto D, Kim H K, Jung H R, Newcomb K, Le V K, Yoo H S, Langham R, Buchanan B B. Stable transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) via microprojectile bombardment of highly regenerative, green tissues derived from mature seed. Plant Cell Reports, 2004a, 22: 483-489
65 Cho S M, Shin S H, Kim K S, Kim Y C, Eun M Y, Cho B H. Enhanced expression of a gene encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (OsNDPK1) in rice plants upon infection with bacterial pathogens. Mol Cells, 2004b, 18: 390-395
66 Christensen A H, Sharrock R A, Quail P H. Maize polyubiquitin genes: structure, thermal perturbation of expression and transcript splicing,and promoter activity following transfer to protoplasts by electroporation.Plant Mol Biol,1992,18:675-689
67 Chu Z,Ouyang,Y.,Zhang,J.,Yang,H.,and Wang,S.Genome-wide analysis of defense-responsive genes in bacterial blight resistance of rice mediated by the recessive R gene xa13.Mol Genet Genomics,2004 271:111-120
68 Clarke H R G,Davis J M,Wilbert S M,Bradshaw H D,Gordon M P.Wound-induced and developmental activation of a poplar tree chitinase gene promoter in transgenic tobacco.Plant Mol Biol,1994,25:799-815
69 Clouse S D.Molecular genetic studies confirm the role of brassinosteroids in plant growth and development.Plant J,1996,10:1-8
70 Coca M A,Almoguera C,Thomas T L,Jordano J.Differential regulation of small heat-shock genes in plant:analysis of a water-stress-induced and developmentally activated sunflower promoter.Plant Mol Biol,1996,3:863?876
71 Colbert T,Till B J,Tompa R,Reynolds S,Steine M N,Yeung A T,McCallum C M,Comai L,Henikoff S.High-throughput screening for induced point mutations.Plant Physiol,2001,126:480-484
72 Connelly S,Marshallsay C,Leader D,Brown J W,Filipowicz W.Small nuclear RNA genes transcribed by either RNA polymerase Ⅱ or RNA polymerase Ⅲ in monocot plants share three promoter elements and use a strategy to regulate gene expression different from that used by their dicot plant counterparts.Mol Cell Biol,1994,14:5910-5919
73 Cowan A K,Freeman M,Bjorkman P O,Nicander B,Sitbon F,Tillberg E.Effects of senescence-induced alteration in cytokinin metabolism on source-sink relationships and ontogenic and stress-induced transitions in tobacco.Planta,2005,221:801-814
74 Crafts-Brandner S J,Hiuzer R,Feller U.Influence of nitrogen deficiency on senescence and the amounts of RNA and proteins in wheat leaves.Physiol Plantarum,1998,102:192-200
75 Crasta O R.Mapping of post-flowering drought resistance traits in grain sorghum:association between QTLs influencing premature senescence and maturity.Mol Genet Genomics,1999,262:579-588
76 Cui S,Huang F,Wang J,Ma X,Cheng Y,Liu J.A proteomic analysis of cold stress responses in rice seedlings.Proteomics,2005,5:3162-3172
77 Daniell H,Muthukumar B,Lee S B.Marker free transgenic plants:engineering the chloroplast genome without the use of antibiotic selection.Curr Genet,2001,39:109-116
78 Danon A,Delorme V,Mailhac N,Gallois P.Plant programmed cell death:a common way to die.Plant Physiol Biochem,2000,38:647-655
79 Danon A,Rotari V I,Gordon A,Mailhac N,Gallois P.Ultraviolet-C overexposure induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis,which is mediated by caspase-like activities and which can be suppressed by caspase inhibitors,p35 and defender against apoptotic death.J Biol Chem,2004,279:779
80 Davies K M,Grierson D.Identification of cDNA clones for tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) messenger RNAs that accumulate during fruit ripening and leaf senescence in response to ethylene.Planta,1989,179:73-80
81 del Pozo O,Lam E.Caspases and programmed cell death in the hypersensitive response of plants to pathogens.Curr Biol,1998,8:1129-1132
82 Dhondt S,Geoffroy P,Stelmach B A,Legrand M,Heitz T.Soluble phospholipase A2 activity is induced before oxylipin accumulation in tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco leaves and is contributed by patatin-like enzymes.Plant J,2000,23:431-440
83 Di Serio F,Schob H,Iglesias A,Tarina C,Bouldoires E,Meins Jr F.Sense-and antisense-mediated gene silencing in tobacco is inhibited by the same viral suppressors and is associated with accumulation of small RNAs.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98:6506-6510
84 Diatchenko L,Lau Y F C,Campbell A P,Chenchik A,Moqadam F,Huang B,Lukyanov S,Lukyanov K,Gurskaya N,Sverdlov E D.Suppression subtractive hybridization:a method for generating differentially regulated or tissue-specific cDNA probes and libraries.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1996,93:6025-6030
85 Diaz C,Purdy S,Christ A,Morot-Gaudry J F,Wingler A,Masclaux-Daubresse C.Characterization of markers to determine the extent and variability of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.a metabolic profiling approach.Plant Physiol,2005,138:898-908
86 Doelling J H,Walker J M,Friedman E M,Thompson A R,Vierstra R D.The APG8/12-activating enzyme APG7 is required for proper nutrient recycling and senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem, 2002, 277: 33105-33114
87 Donnison I S, Gay A P, Thomas H, Edwards K J, Edwards D, James C L, Thomas A M, Ougham H J. Modification of nitrogen remobilization, grain fill and leaf senescence in maize {Zea mays) by transposon insertional mutagenesis in a protease gene. New Phytol, 2007, 173: 481-494
88 Dreher K, Callis J. Ubiquitin, hormones and biotic stress in plants. Ann Bot, 2007, 99: 787-822
89 D'Silva I, Poirier G G, Heath M C. Activation of cysteine proteases in cowpea plants during the hypersensitive response-a form of programmed cell death. Exp Cell Res, 1998, 245: 389-399
90 Earley K W, Haag J R, Pontes O, Opper K, Juehne T, Song K, Pikaard C S. Techniques for molecular analysis gateway-compatible vectors for plant functional genomics and proteomics. Plant J, 2006,45: 616-629
91 Eason J R, Ryan D J, Watson L M, Hedderley D, Christey M C, Braun R H, Coupe S A. Suppression of the cysteine protease, aleurain, delays floret senescence in Brassica oleracea. Plant Mol Biol, 2005, 57: 645-657
92 Ehness R, Roitsch T. Co-ordinated induction of mRNAs for extracellular invertase and a glucose transporter in Chenopodium rubrum by cytokinins. Plant J, 1997,11: 539-548
93 Ehsani P, Meunier A, Nato F, Jafari A, Nato A, Lafaye P. Expression of anti human IL-4 and IL-6 scFvs in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Mol Biol, 2003, 52: 17-29
94 Ellis C M, Nagpal P, Young J C, Hagen G, Guilfoyle T J, Reed J W. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR1 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 regulate senescence and floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development, 2005, 132: 4563-4574
95 Eulgem T, Rushton P J, Robatzek S, Somssich I E. The WRKY superfamily of plant transcription factors. Trends Plant Sci, 2000, 5: 199-206
96 Ezcurra I, Ellerstrom M, Wycliffe P, Stalberg K, Rask L. Interaction between composite elements in the napA promoter: both the B-box ABA-responsive complex and the RY/G complex are necessary for seed-specific expression. Plant Mol Biol, 1999,40: 699-709
97 Fedoroff N, Furtek D, Nelson O. Cloning of the bronze locus in maize by a simple and generalizable procedure using the transposable controlling element Activator (Ac). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1984, 81: 3825-3829
98 Feinberg A, Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabelling DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms to high specific activity. Anal Biochem, 1983, 132: 6-13
99 Feldmann K A. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis in Arabidopsis: mutational spectrum. Plant J, 1991, 1:71-82
100 Feng Y, Xue Q. The serine carboxypeptidase like gene family of rice {Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica). Funct Integr Genomics, 2006, 6: 14-24
101 Files A, Adams B S, Cha H C, Cleary J, Haiying T, Wang H, Sitwala K, Markovitz D M. DEK binding to class II MHC Y-box sequences is gene-and allele-specific. Arthritis Res Ther, 2007,
102 Filichkin S A, Meilan R, Busov V B, Ma C, Brunner A M, Strauss S H. Alcohol-inducible gene expression in transgenic Populus. Plant Cell Rep, 2006, 25: 660-667
103 Flanigan A, Gardner J F. Interaction of the gifsy-1 xis protein with the gifsy-1 attP sequence? J Bacteriol, 2007, 189: 6303-6311
104 Foster R, Izawa T, Chua N H. Plant bZIP proteins gather at ACGT elements. FASEB J, 1994, 8: 192-200
105 Fridlender M, Harrison K, Jones J D G, Levy A A. Repression of the Ac-transposase gene promoter by Ac transposase. Plant J, 1996, 9: 911-917
106 Friedrich G, Soriano P. Promoter traps in embryonic stem cells: a genetic screen to identify and mutate developmental genes in mice. Genes Dev, 1991, 5: 1513-1523
107 Fu Y, Zhao W, Peng Y. Induced expression of oryzain a gene encoding a cysteine proteinase under stress conditions. J Plant Res, 2007, 120:465-469
108 Fujiki Y, Yoshikawa Y, Sato T, Inada N, Ito M, Nishida I, Watanabe A. Dark-inducible genes from Arabidopsisthaliana are associated with leaf senescence and repressed by sugars. Physiol Plantarum, 2001, 111: 345-352
109 Fushimi T, Umeda M, Shimazaki T, Kato A, Toriyama K, Uchimiya H. Nucleotide sequence of a rice cDNA similar to a maize NADP-dependent malic enzyme. Plant Mol Biol, 1994, 24: 965-967
110 Galas D J, Schmitz A. DNAse footprinting: a simple method for the detection of protein-DNA binding specificity. Nucleic Acids Res, 1978, 5: 3157-3170
111 Gan S. 2007. Senescence processes in plants: Blackwell Publishing.
112 Gan S,Amasino R M.Inhibition of leaf senescence by autoregulated production of cytokinin.Science,1995,270:1966-1967
113 Gapper N E,Coupe S A,McKenzie M J,Sinclair B K,Lill R E,Jameson P E.Regulation of harvest-induced senescence in broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica) by cytokinin,ethylene,and sucrose.J Plant Growth Regul,2005,24:153-165
114 Gatz C,Lenk I.Promoters that respond to chemical inducers.Trends Plant Sci,1998,3:352-358
115 Gaussand G.Programmed cell death in plants and caspase-like activities.2007,department of molecular and developmental genetics,institute of biology,faculty of mathematics and natural sciences,Leiden university
116 Gentinetta E,Ceppi D,Perico G,Motto M,Salamini F.A major gene for delayed senescence in maize.Pattern of photosynthates accumulation and inheritance.Plant Breed,1986,97:193-203
117 George K S,Zhao X,Gallahan D,Shirkey A,Zareh A,Esmaeli-Azad B.Capillary electrophoresis methodology for identification of cancer related gene expression patterns of fluorescent differential display polymerase chain reaction.J Chromatogr B,1997,695:93-102
118 Gepstein S.Leaf senescence-not just a'wear and tear'phenomenon.Genome Biol,2004,5:212
119 Gepstein S,Sabehi G,Carp M J,Hajouj T,Nesher M F,Yariv I,Dor C,Bassani M.Large-scale identification of leaf senescence-associated genes.Plant J,2003,36:629-642
120 Gilmartin P M,Memelink J,Hiratsuka K,Kay S A,Chua N H.Characterization of a gene encoding a DNA binding protein with specificity for a light-responsive element.Plant Cell,1992,4:839-849
121 Gilmartin P M,Sarokin L,Memelink J,Chua N H.Molecular light switches for plant genes.Plant Cell,1990,2:369-378
122 Gottschlich S,Goeroegh T,Folz B J,Lippert B M,Werner J A.Optimized differential display and reamplification parameters for silver staining.Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol,1997,97:237-240
123 Grbic V.Spatial expression pattern of SAG12:GUS transgene in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum).Physiol Plantarum,2003,116:416-422
124 Grbic V,Bleecker A B.Ethylene regulates the timing of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.Plant J,1995,8:595-602
125 Greco R,Ouwerkerk P B F,Kam R J,Sallaud C,Favalli C,Colombo L,Guiderdoni E,Meijer A H,Hoge J H C,Pereira A.Transpositional behaviour of an Ac/Ds system for reverse genetics in rice.Theor Appl Genet,2003,108:10-24
126 Guo Y,Cai Z,Gan S.Transcriptome of Arabidopsis leaf senescence.Plant Cell Environ,2004,27:521-549
127 Guo Y,Gan S.AtNAP,a NAC family transcription factor,has an important role in leaf senescence.Plant J,2006,46:601-612
128 Gut H,Matile P.Apparent induction of key enzymes of the glyoxylic acid cycle in senescent barley leaves.Planta,1988,176:548-550
129 Guyer D,Tuttle A,Rouse S,Volrath S,Johnson M,Potter S,Gorlach J,Goff S,Crossland L,Ward E.Activation of latent transgenes in Arabidopsis using a hybrid transcription factor.Genetics,1998,149:633-639
130 Habu Y,Fukada-Tanaka S,Hisatomi Y,Iida S.Amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism-based mRNA fingerprinting using a single restriction enzyme that recognizes a 4-bp sequence.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1997,234:516-521
131 Hamilton A J,Baulcombe D C.A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants.Science,1999,286:950-952
132 Hanaoka H,Noda T,Shirano Y,Kato T,Hayashi H,Shibata D,Tabata S,Ohsumi Y.Leaf senescence and starvation-induced chlorosis are accelerated by the disruption of an Arabidopsis autophagy gene.Plant Physiol,2002,129:1181-1193
133 Harms K,Woener R V,Sehulz B,Frommer W B.Isolation and characterization of P-type H+-ATPase genes from potato.Plant Mol Biol,1994,26:979-988
134 Harris K,Subudhi P K,Borrell A,Jordan D,Rosenow D,Nguyen H,Klein P,Klein R,Mullet J.Sorghum stay-green QTL individually reduce post-flowering drought-induced leaf senescence.J Exp Bot,2007,58:327-338
135 Hartley J L,Temple G F,Brasch M A.DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination.Genome Res,2000,10:1788-1795
136 Harushima Y,Yano M,Shomura A,Sato M,Shimano T,Kuboki Y,Yamamoto T,Lin S Y,Antonio B A, Parco A. A high-density rice genetic linkage map with 2275 markers using a single F_2 population. Genetics, 1998, 148: 479-494
137 Haussmann B, Mahalakshmi V, Reddy B, Seetharama N, Hash C, Geiger H. QTL mapping of stay-green in two sorghum recombinant inbred populations. Theor Appl Genet, 2002, 106: 133-142
138 He P, Osaki M, Takebe M, Shinano T, Wasaki J. Endogenous hormones and expression of senescence-related genes in different senescent types of maize. J Exp Bot, 2005, 56: 1117-1128
139 He Y, Fukushige H, Hildebrand D F, Gan S. Evidence supporting a role of jasmonic acid in Arabidopsis leaf senescence. Plant Physiol, 2002,128: 876-884
140 He Y, Tang W, Swain J D, Green A L, Jack T P, Gan S. Networking senescence-regulating pathways by using Arabidopsis enhancer trap lines. Plant Physiol, 2001, 126: 707-716
141 Hehn A, Rohde W. Characterization of cis-acting elements affecting strength and phloem specificity of the coconut foliar decay virus promoter. J Gen Virol, 1998, 79: 1495-1499
142 Helliwell C, Waterhouse P. Constructs and methods for high-throughput gene silencing in plants. Methods, 2003, 30: 289-295
143 Helliwell C A, Waterhouse P M. Constructs and methods for hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing in plants. Methods Enzymol, 2005, 392: 24-35
144 Hellmann H, Estelle M. Plant development: regulation by protein degradation. Science, 2002, 297: 793-797
145 Henikoff S. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene, 1984,28: 351-359
146 Hensel L L, Grbic V, Baumgarten D A, Bleecker A B. Developmental and age-related processes that influence the longevity and senescence of photosynthetic tissues in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 1993, 5: 553-564
147 Hibberd J M, Linley P J, Khan M S, Gray J C. Transient expression of green fluorescent protein in various plastid types following microprojectile bombardment. Plant J, 1998,16: 627-632
148 Hiei Y, Ohta S, Komari T, Kumashiro T. Efficient transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mediated by Agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the T-DNA. Plant J, 1994, 6: 271-282
149 Higashiyama T, Yabe S, Sasaki N, Nishimura Y, Miyagishima S, Kuroiwa H, Kuroiwa T. Pollen tube attraction by the synergid cell. Science, 2001, 293: 1480
150 Higo H, Kishimoto N, Saito A, Higo K. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a small GTP-binding protein related to mammalian ADP-ribosylation factor from rice. Plant Sci, 1994, 100:41-49
151 Hinderhofer K, and Zentgraf, U.. Identification of a transcription factor specifically expressed at the onset of leaf senescence. Planta, 2001, 213: 469-473
152 Hirose N, Takei K, Kuroha T, Kamada-Nobusada T, Hayashi H, Sakakibara H. Regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis, compartmentalization and translocation. J Exp Bot, 2008, 59: 75-83
153 Hoeberichts F A, van Doom W G, Vorst O, Hall R D, van Wordragen M F. Sucrose prevents up-regulation of senescence-associated genes in carnation petals. J Exp Bot, 2007, 58: 2873
154 Holk A, Rietz S, Zahn M, Quader H, Scherer G F E. Molecular identification of cytosolic, patatin-related phospholipases A from Arabidopsis with potential functions in plant signal transduction. Plant Physiol, 2002,130: 90-101
155 Hsieh H M, Liu W K, Huang P C. A novel stress-inducible metallothionein-like gene from rice. Plant Mol Biol, 1995, 28: 381-389
156 Hu H H, Dai M Q, Yao J L, Xiao B, Li X H, Zhang Q, Xiong L Z. Overexpressing a NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factor enhances drought resistance and salt tolerance in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006,103: 12987-12992
157 Hua H, Lu Q, Cai M, Xu C, Zhou D X, Li X, Zhang Q. Analysis of rice genes induced by striped stemborer (Chilo suppressalis) attack identified a promoter fragment highly specifically responsive to insect feeding. Plant Mol Biol, 2007, 65: 519-530
158 Hung K T, Kao C H. Nitric oxide counteracts the senescence of rice leaves induced by abscisic acid. Plant Physiol, 2003, 160: 871-879
159 Hutchison C E, Kieber J J. Cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2002, 14: S47-S59
160 Huynh L N, VanToai T, Streeter J, Banowetz G Regulation of flooding tolerance of SAG12: ipt Arabidopsis plants by cytokinin. J Exp Bot, 2005, 56: 1397-1407
161 Ichikawa T, Nakazawa M, Kawashima M, Iizumi H, Kuroda H, Kondou Y, Tsuhara Y, Suzuki K, Ishikawa A, Seki M. The FOX hunting system: an alternative gain-of-function gene hunting technique. Plant J, 2006, 48: 974-985
162 Imamura M, Nakai J, Inoue S, Quan G X, Kanda T, Tamura T. Targeted gene expression using the GAL4/UAS system in the silkworm bombyx mod. Genetics, 2003,165: 1329-1340
163 Ingrid B D, Joseph J K. Molecular mechanisms of cytokinin action. Plant Biol, 1999, 2: 359-364
164 Inoue T, Higuchi M, Hashimoto Y, Seki M, Kobayashi M, Kato T, Tabata S, Shinozaki K, Kakimoto T. Identification of CRE1 as a cytokinin receptor from Arabidopsis. Nature, 2001, 409: 1060-1063
165 Ishimaru K, Yano M, Aoki N, Ono K, Hirose T, Lin S Y, Monna L, Sasaki T, Ohsugi R. Toward the mapping of physiological and agronomic characters on a rice function map: QTL analysis and comparison between QTLs and expressed sequence tags. Theor Appl Genet, 2001, 102: 793-800
166 Ivashuta S, Imai R, Uchiyama K, Gau M. The coupling of differential display and AFLP approaches for nonradioactive mRNA fingerprinting. Mol Biotechnol, 1999,12: 137-141
167 Jackson M B. Ethylene-promoted elongation: an adaptation to submergence stress. Ann Bot, 2008, 101:229-248
168 Janska H. ATP-dependent proteases in plant mitochondria: What do we know about them today? Physiol Plantarum, 2005, 123: 399-405
169 Jefferson R A, Kavanagh T A, Bevan M W. GUS fusions: beta-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO J, 1987, 6: 3901-3907
170 Jia H, Van Loock B, Liao M, Verbelen J P, Vissenberg K. Combination of the ALCR/alcA ethanol switch and GAL4/VP16-UAS enhancer trap system enables spatial and temporal control of transgene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant Biotechnol J, 2007, 5: 477-482
171 Jiang C Z, Rodermel S R, Shibles R M. Photosynthesis, rubisco activity and amount, and their regulation by transcription in senescing soybean leaves. Plant Physiol, 1993,101: 105-112
172 Jiang G H, He Y Q, Xu C G, Li X H, Zhang Q. The genetic basis of stay-green in rice analyzed in a population of doubled haploid lines derived from an indica by japonica cross. Theor Appl Genet, 2004, 108: 688-698
173 Jiang H, Li M, Liang N, Yan H, Wei Y, Xu X, Liu J, Xu Z, Chen F, Wu G Molecular cloning and function analysis of the stay green gene in rice. Plant J, 2007,52: 197-209
174 John I, Drake R, Farrell A, Cooper W, Lee P, Horton P, Grierson D. Delayed leaf senescence in ethylene-deficient ACC-oxidase antisense tomato plants: Molecular and physiological analysis. Plant J, 1995,7:483-490
175 John I, Hackett R, Cooper W, Drake R, Farrell A, Grierson* D. Cloning and characterization of tomato leaf senescence-related cDNAs. Plant Mol Biol, 1997, 33:641-651
176 Johzuka-Hisatomi Y, Maekawa M, Takagi K, Eun C H, Yamauchi T, Shimatani Z, Ahmed N, Urawa H, Tsugane K, Terada R. Homologous recombination-dependent gene targeting and an active DNA transposon ndart-promoted gene tagging for rice functional genomics. 2008, 62: 81-94
177 Jones D H, Winistorfer S C. Recombinant circle PCR and recombination PCR for site-specific mutagenesis without PCR product purification. BioTechniques, 1992, 12: 528-535
178 Jones D H, Winistorfer S C. Amplification of 4-9kb human genomic DNA flanking a known site using a panhandle PCR variant. BioTechniques, 1997, 23: 132-138
179 Jones S W, Cai D, Weislow O S, Esmaeli-Azad B. Generation of multiple mRNA fingerprints using fluorescence-based differential display and an automated DNA sequencer. BioTechniques, 1997, 22: 536-543
180 Jongebloed U, Szederkyi J, Hartig K, Schobert C, Komor E. Sequence of morphological and physiological events during natural ageing of a castor bean leaf: sieve tube occlusions and carbohydrate back-up precede chlorophyll degradation. Physiol Plantarum, 2004,120: 338-346
181 Karkkainen U M, Kauppinen J, Ikaheimo R, Katila M L. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Escherichia coli strains: comparison of urinary and concomitant blood isolates of urosepsis patients. APMIS, 1996,104: 437-443
182 Kaser M, Langer T. Protein degradation in mitochondria. Semin Cell Dev Biol, 2000, 11: 181-190
183 Kawamoto S, Ohnishi T, Kita H, Chisaka O, Okubo K. Expression profiling by iAFLP: a PCR-based method for genome-wide gene expression profiling. Genome Res, 1999, 9: 1305-1312
184 Kehoe D M, Villand P, Somerville S. DNA microarrays for studies of higher plants and other photosynthetic organisms. Trends Plant Sci, 1999,4: 38-41
185 Keller B, Heierli D. Vascular expression of the grp1.8 promoter is controlled by three specific regulatory elements and one unspecific activating sequence. Plant Mol Biol, 1994, 26: 747-756
186 Ketelaar T, Allwood E G, Hussey P J. Actin organization and root hair development are disrupted by ethanol-induced overexpression of Arabidopsis actin interacting protein 1 (AIP1). New Phytol, 2007, 174: 57-62
187 Khodakovskaya M, McAvoy R, Peters J, Wu H, Li Y. Enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic tobacco expressing a chloroplast ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene under the control of a cold-inducible promoter. Planta, 2006, 223: 1090-1100
188 Kim C Y, Liu Y D, Thome E T, Yang H P, Fukushige H, Gassmann W, Hildebrand D, Sharp R E, Zhang S Q. Activation of a stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade induces the biosynthesis of ethylene in plants. Plant J, 2003,15: 2707-2718
189 Kim H J, Ryu H, Hong S H, Woo H R, Lim P O, Lee I C, Sheen J, Nam H G, Hwang I. Cytokinin-mediated control of leaf longevity by AHK3 through phosphorylation of ARR2 in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103: 814-819
190 Klbti A, Armstrong G A, Schledz M, von Lintig J, Potrykus I. Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, biosynthesis. Plant J, 1997,11: 1071-1078
191 Kong Z, Li M, Yang W, Xu W, Xue Y. A novel nuclear-localized CCCH-Type zinc finger protein, OsDOS, is involved in delaying leaf senescence in rice. Plant Physiol, 2006, 141:1376-1388
192 Koonin E V, Aravind L. Origin and evolution of eukaryotic apoptosis: the bacterial connection. Cell Death Differ, 2002,9: 394-404
193 Krens F A, Molendijk L, Wullems G J, Schilperoort R A. In vitro transformation of plant protoplasts with Ti-plasmid DNA. Nature, 1982, 296: 72-74
194 Kreps J A, Muramatsu T, Furuya M, Kay S A. Fluorescent differential display identifies circadian clock-regulated genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Rhythms, 2000, 15: 208-217
195 Kumar C S, Wing R A, Sundaresan V. Efficient insertional mutagenesis in rice using the maize. Plant J, 2005,44: 879-892
196 Kumpatla S P, Chandrasekharan M B, Iyer L M, Guofu L, Hall T C. Genome intruder scanning and modulation systems and transgene silencing. Trends Plant Sci, 1998, 3: 97-104
197 Kuo A, Cappelluti S, Cervantes-Cervantes M, Rodriguez M, Bush D S. Okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, blocks calcium changes, gene expression, and cell death induced by gibberellin in wheat aleurone cells. Plant Cell, 1996, 8: 259-269
198 Kusaba M, Ito H, Morita R, Iida S, Sato Y, Fujimoto M, Kawasaki S, Tanaka R, Hirochika H, Nishimura M. Rice NON-YELLOW COLORING1 is involved in light-harvesting complex II and grana degradation during leaf senescence. Plant Cell, 2007, 19: 1362-1375
199 Kwasniewski M, Szarejko I. Molecular Cloning and characterization of beta-expansin gene related to root hair formation in barley. Plant Physiol, 2006, 141: 1149-1158
200 Kyozuka J, McElroy D, Hayakawa T, Xie Y, Wu R, Shimamoto K. Light-regulated and cell-specific expression of tomato rbcS-gusA and rice rbcS-gusA fusion genes in transgenic rice. Plant Physiol, 1993,102: 991-1000
201 Lam E, Chua N H. ASF-2: a factor that binds to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a conserved GATA motif in Cab promoters. Plant Cell, 1989,1: 1147-1156
202 Lara M E B, Garcia M C G, Fatima T, Ehne R, Lee T K, Proels R, Tanner W, Roitsch T. Extracellular invertase is an essential component of cytokinin-mediated delay of senescence. Plant Cell, 2004, 16: 1276-1287
203 Lee H, Xiong L, Gong Z, Ishitani M, Stevenson B. The Arabidopsis HOS1 gene negatively regulates cold signal transduction and encodes a RING finger protein that displays cold-regulated nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning. Genes Dev, 2001a, 15: 912-924
204 Lee R H, Lin M C, Chen S C. A novel alkaline a-galactosidase gene is involved in rice leaf senescence. Plant Mol Biol, 2004,55: 281-295
205 Lee R H, Wang C H, Huang L T, Chen S C. Leaf senescence in rice plants: cloning and characterization of senescence up-regulated genes. J Exp Bot, 2001b, 52: 1117-1121
206 Leisner S M, Gelvin S B. Structure of the octopine synthase upstream activator sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1988, 85: 2553-2557
207 Lenhard M, Bohnert A, Jurgens G, Laux T. Termination of stem cell maintenance in Arabidopsis floral meristems by interactions between WUSCHEL and AGAMOUS. Cell, 2001, 105: 805-814
208 Lenhard M, Jurgens G,, Laux T. The WUSCHEL and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS genes fulfil complementary roles in Arabidopsis shoot meristem regulation.Development,2002,129:3195-3206
209 Leopold A C,Kawase M.Benzyladenine effects on bean leaf growth and senescence.Am J Bot,1964,51:294-298
210 Li L,Wang X,Stolc V,Li X,Zhang D,Su N,Tongprasit W,Li S,Cheng Z,Wang J.Genome-wide transcription analyses in rice using tiling microarrays.Nat Genet,2006,38:124-129
211 Li Q,Robson P R H,Bettany A J E,Donnison I S,Thomas H,Scott I M.Modification of senescence in ryegrass transformed with IPT under the control of a monocot senescence-enhanced promoter.Plant Cell Reports,2004,22:816-821
212 Li X,Qian Q,Fu Z,Wang Y,Xiong G,Zeng D,Wang X,Liu X,Teng S,Hiroshi F.Control of tillering in rice.Nature,2003,422:618-621
213 Li Y,Hagen G,Guilfoyle T J.Altered morphology in transgenic tobacco plants that overproduce cytokinins in specific tissues and organs.Dev Biol,1992,153:386-395
214 Li Y,Uhm T,Ren C,Wu C,Santos T S,Lee M K,Yan B,Santos F,Zhang A,Scheuring C.A plant-transformation-competent BIBAC/BAC-based map of rice for functional analysis and genetic engineering of its genomic sequence.Genome,2007,50:278-288
215 Liang D,Wu C,Li C,Xu C,Zhang J,Kilian A,Li X,Zhang Q,Xiong L.Establishment of a patterned GAL4-VP16 transactivation system for discovering gene function in rice.Plant J,2006,46:1059-1072
216 Liang P,Bauer D,Averboukh L,Warthoe P,Rohrwild M,Muller H,Strauss M,Pardee A B.Analysis of altered gene expression by differential display.Methods Enzymol,1995,254:304-321
217 Liang P,Pardee A B.Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction.Science,1992,257:967-971
218 Liao Y,Zhang J S,Chen S Y,Zhang W K.Role of Soybean GmbZIP132 under Abscisic Acid and Salt Stresses.J Integrative Plant Biol,2008,50:221-230
219 Lim P O,Kim H J,Nam H G.Leaf senescence.Annu Rev Plant Biol,2007,58:115-136
220 Lim P O,Woo H R,Nam H G.Molecular genetics of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.Trends Plant Sci,2003,8:272-278
221 Lin J F,Wu S H.Molecular events in senescing Arabidopsis leaves.Plant J,2004,39:612-628
222 Lin Y J,Cao M L,Xu C G,Chen H,Wei J,Zhang Q F.Cultivating rice with delaying leafsenescence by PSAG12-ipt gene transformation.Acta Bot Sin,2002a,44:1333-1338
223 Lin Y J,Chen H,Cao Y L,Wu C Y,Wen J,Li Y F,Hua H X.Establishment of high-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system of Mudanjiang 8.Acta Agron Sinica,2002b,28:294-300
224 Lindsay W P,McAlister F M,Zhu Q,He X Z,Droge-Laser W,Hedrick S,Doerner P,Lamb C,Dixon R A.KAP-2,a protein that binds to the H-box in a bean chalcone synthase promoter,is a novel plant transcription factor with sequence identity to the large subunit of human Ku autoantigen.Plant Mol Biol,2002,49:503-514
225 Lindsey K,Wei W,Clarke M C,McArdle H F,Rooke L M,Topping J F.Tagging genomic sequences that direct transgene expression by activation of a promoter trap in plants.Transgenic Res,1993,2:33-47
226 Liu Y G,Whittier R F.Thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR:automatable amplification and sequencing of insert end fragments from P1 and YAC clones for chromosome walking.Genomics,1995,25:674-681
227 Loake G J,Faktor O,Lamb C J,Dixon R A.Combination of H-box[CCTACC(N) 7CT]and G-box(CACGTG) cis elements is necessary for feed-forward stimulation of a chalcone synthase promoter by the phenylpropanoid-pathway intermediate p-coumaric acid.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1992,89:9230-9234
228 Lohman K,Gan S,John M,Amasino R.Molecular analysis of natural leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant Physiol,1994,92 322-328
229 Loven K,Beinsberger S E I,Valcke R L M,Van Onckelen H A,Clijsters H M M.Morphometric Analysis of the Growth of P hsp70-ipt Transgenic Tobacco Plants.J Exp Bot,1993,44:1671-1678
230 Luan W J,He C,Hu G,Dey M,Fu Y,Si H,Zhu L,Liu W,Duan F,Zhang H.An efficient field screening procedure for identifying transposants for constructing an Ac/Ds-based insertional-mutant library of rice. Genome, 2008, 51: 41-49
231 Luo Z, Wu R. A simple method for the transformation of rice via the pollen-tube pathway. Plant Mol Biol Rep, 1989, 7: 69-77
232 Mae T. Physiological nitrogen efficiency in rice: nitrogen utilization, photosynthesis, and yield potential. Plant Soil, 1997, 196: 201-210
233 Malgorzata G, Barbara Z. Multifunctional role of plant cysteine proteinases. Acta Biochim Pol, 2004,51:609-624
234 Maple J, Moller S G Mutagenesis in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol, 2007, 362: 197-206
235 Mariani C, Beuckeleer M D, Truettner J, Leemans J, Goldberg R B. Induction of male sterility in plants by a chimaeric ribonuclease gene. Nature, 1990, 347: 737-741
236 Mariani C, Gossele V, de Beuckeleer M, de Block M, Goldberg R B, de Greef W, Leemans J. A chimaeric ribonuclease-inhibitor gene restores fertility to male sterile plants. Nature, 1992, 357: 384-387
237 Martinez A, Sparks C, Hart C A, Thompson J, Jepson I. Technical Advance Ecdysone agonist inducible transcription in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant J, 1999, 19: 97-106
238 Masclaux C, Valadier M H, Brugiere N, Morot-Gaudry J F, Hirel B. Characterization of the sink/source transition in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) shoots in relation to nitrogen management and leaf senescence. Planta, 2000, 211: 510-518
239 Matarasso N, Schuster S, Avni A. A novel plant cysteine protease has a dual function as a regulator of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene expression. Plant Cell, 2005, 17: 1205-1216
240 Matsumura H, Nirasawa S, Terauchi R. Technical advance: transcript profiling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Plant J, 1999, 20: 719-726
241 Matsuoka M. Classification and characterization of cDNA that encodes the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem II from rice. Plant Cell Physiol, 1990, 31: 519-526
242 Matthews R. Disease symptoms and effects on metabolism. Plant Virol, 1991, 380-422
243 Matz M, Shagin D, Bogdanova E, Britanova O, Lukyanov S, Diatchenko L, Chenchik A, Journals O. Amplification of cDNA ends based on template-switching effect and step-out PCR. Nucleic Acids Res, 1999, 27: 1558-1560
244 McCabe M S, Gamut L C, Schepers F, Jordi W, Stoopen G M, Davelaar E, van Rhijn J H A, Power J B, Davey M R. Effects of P_(SAG12)-IPT gene expression on development and senescence in transgenic lettuce. Plant Physiol, 2001,127: 505-516
245 Mcelroy D, Zhang W, Cao J, Wu R. Isolation of an efficient actin promoter for use in rice transformation. Plant Cell, 1990, 2: 163-171
246 McKenzie M J, Mett V, Reynolds P H S, Jameson P E. Controlled cytokinin production in transgenic tobacco using a copper-inducible promoter. Plant Physiol, 1998,116: 969-977
247 Mei C, Qi M, Sheng G, Yang Y. Inducible overexpression of a rice allene oxide synthase gene increases the endogenous jasmonic acid level, PR gene expression, and host resistance to fungal infection. Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 2006, 19: 1127-1137
248 Melegari M, Scaglioni P P, Wands J R. Cloning and characterization of a novel hepatitis B virus x binding protein that inhibits viral replication. J Virol, 1998, 72: 1737-1743
249 Mhiri C, Morel J B, Vernhettes S, Casacuberta J M, Lucas H, Grandbastien M A. The promoter of the tobacco Tnt1 retrotransposon is induced by wounding and by abiotic stress. Plant Mol Biol 1997, 33: 257-266
250 Miao Y, Laun T, Zimmermann P, Zentgraf U. Targets of the WRKY53 transcription factor and its role during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol, 2004, 55: 853-867
251 Miao Y, Zentgraf U. The antagonist function of Arabidopsis WRKY53 and ESR/ESP in leaf senescence is modulated by the jasmonic and salicylic acid equilibrium. Plant Cell, 2007, 19: 819-830
252 Miyao M, Fukayama H. Metabolic consequences of overproduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in C3 plants. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2003, 414: 197-203
253 Mok D W, Mok M C. Cytokinin metabolism and action. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 2001,52:89-118
254 Moore B, Zhou L, Rolland F, Hall Q, Cheng W H, Liu Y X, Hwang I, Jones T, Sheen J. Role of the Arabidopsis glucose sensor HXK1 in nutrient, light, and hormonal signaling. Science, 2003, 300: 332-336
255 Moore D, Wu J H, Kathir P, Hamilton C M, Ippen-Ihler K. Analysis of transfer genes and gene products within the traB-traC region of the Escherichia coli fertility factor, F. J Bacteriol, 1987, 169: 3994-4002
256 Moore I, Galweiler L, Grosskopf D, Schell J, Palme K. A transcription activation system for regulated gene expression in transgenic plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1998,95: 376-381
257 Morris K, Mackerness S, page T, murphy A. salicylic acid has a role in regulating gene expression during senescence. Plant J, 2000, 23: 677-685
258 Mur L A J, Sturgess F J, Farrell G G, Draper J. The AoPR 10 promoter and certain endogenous PR 10 genes respond to oxidative signals in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant Pathol, 2004,5:435-451
259 Murchie E H, Chen Y Z, Hubbart S, Peng S, Horton P. Interactions between senescence and leaf orientation determine in situ patterns of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice. Plant Physiol, 1999, 119: 553-563
260 Nakamura H, Hakata M, Amano K, Miyao A, Toki N, Kajikawa M, Pang J, Higashi N, Ando S, Toki S. A genome-wide gain-of-function analysis of rice genes using the FOX-hunting system. Plant Mol Biol, 2007, 65: 357-371
261 Nakamura I, Koike K. Identification of a binding protein to the X gene promoter region of hepatitis B virus. Virology, 1992,191: 533-540
262 Nakano A, Suzuki G, Yamamoto M, Turnbull K, Rahman S, Mukai Y. Rearrangements of large-insert T-DNAs in transgenic rice. Mol Genet Genomics, 2005,273:123-129
263 Nam H G The molecular genetic analysis of leaf senescence. Cunr Opin Biotechnol, 1997, 8: 200-207
264 Nicholson L, Singh G K, Osterwalder T, Roman G W, Davis R L, Keshishian H. Spatial and temporal control of gene expression in drosophila using the inducible gene switch GAM system. I. Screen for Larval Nervous System Drivers. Genetics, 2008,178: 215-234
265 Nilsson O, Little C H A, Sandberg G, Olsson O. Expression of two heterologous promoters, Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC and cauliflower mosaic virus 35S, in the stem of transgenic hybrid aspen plants during the annual cycle of growth and dormancy. Plant Mol Biol, 1996, 31: 887-895
266 Nishihara M, Nakatsuka T, Abe Y, Hirano H, Kikuchi A, Yamamura S. Consistent transcriptional silencing of 35S-driven transgenes in gentian. Plant J, 2005, 44: 541-556
267 Noh Y S, Amasino R M. Identification of a promoter region responsible for the senescence-specific expression of SAG12. Plant Mol Biol, 1999,41: 181-194
268 Noji H, Yoshida M. The rotary machine in the cell, ATP synthase. J Biol Chem, 2001, 19: 1665-1668
269 Nonaka SYK, Takada K, Sugaware M, Minamisawa K, Ezura H. Ethylene production in plants during transformation suppresses vir gene expression in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. New Phytol, 2008, [Epub ahead of print]
270 Nonhoff U, Raiser M, Welzel F, Piccini I, Balzereit D, Yaspo M L, Lehrach H, Krobitsch S. Ataxin-2 Interacts with the DEAD/H-Box RNA Helicase DDX6 and Interferes with P-Bodies and Stress Granules. Mol Biol Cell, 2007,18: 1385 -1396
271 Nooden L D, Guiamet J J, John I. Senescence mechanisms. Physiol Plantarum, 1997, 101: 746-753
272 Nooden L D, Leopold A C. Hormonal control of senescence and abscission. In: Letham D S, Higgins T J, Goodwin P B eds., Phytohormones and related compounds. 1978, 329-369
273 Nooden L D, Singh S, Letham D S. Correlation of xylem sap cytokinin levels with monocarpic senescence in soybean. Plant Physiol, 1990,93: 33-39
274 O'Brien J A, Lummis S C. Diolistics: incorporating fluorescent dyes into biological samples using a gene gun. Trends Biotechnol, 2007, 25: 530-534
275 Oeller PW, LuMW, Taylor L P, Pike D A, Theologis A. Reversible inhibition of tomato fruit senescence by antisense RNA. Science, 1991,254:437-439
276 Oh S A, Lee S Y, Chung I K, Lee C H, Nam H G senescence-associated gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is distinctively regulated during natural and artificially induced leaf senescence Plant Mol Biol, 1996, 30: 739-754
277 Ono K, Nishi Y, Watanabe A, Terashima I. Possible mechanisms of adaptive leaf senescence. Plant Biol, 2001, 3: 234-243
278 Ono K, Terashima I, Watanabe A. Interaction between nitrogen deficit of a plant and nitrogen content in the old leaves. Plant Cell Physiol, 2008, 37:1083-1089
279 Ori N, Juarez M T, Jackson D, Yamaguchi J, Banowetz G M, Hake S. Leaf senescence is delayed in tobacco plants expressing the maize homeobox gene knotted1 under the control of a senescence-activated promoter. Plant Cell, 1999,11: 1073-1080
280 Otegui M S, Noh Y S, Martinez D E, Vila Petroff M G, Andrew Staehelin L, Amasino R M, Guiamet J J. Senescence-associated vacuoles with intense proteolytic activity develop in leaves of Arabidopsis and soybean. Plant J, 2005,41: 831-844
281 Park K Y, Drory A, Woodson W R. Molecular cloning of an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase from senescing carnation flower petals. Plant Mol Biol, 1992, 18: 377-386
282 Park S Y, Yu J W, Park J S, Li J, Yoo S C, Lee N Y, Lee S K, Jeong S W, Seo H S, Koh H J. The senescence-induced staygreen protein regulates chlorophyll degradation. Plant Cell, 2007, 19: 1649-1664
283 Phelps C B, Brand A H. Ectopic gene expression in Drosophila using GAM system. Methods, 1998, 14: 367-379
284 Picton S, Barton S L, Bouzayen M, Hamilton A J, Grierson D. Altered fruit ripening and leaf senescence in tomatoes expressing an antisense ethylene-forming enzyme transgene. Plant J, 1993, 3: 469-481
285 Pogson B J, Downs C G, Davies K M. Differential expression of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase genes in broccoli after harvest. Plant Physiol, 1995, 108:651-657
286 Pontier D, Gan S, Amasino R M, Roby D, Lam E. Markers for hypersensitive response and senescence show distinct patterns of expression. Plant Mol Biol, 1999, 39: 1243-1255
287 Potrykus I. Golden Rice and Beyond. Plant Physiol, 2001, 125: 1157-1161
288 Pourtau N, Jennings R, Pelzer E, Pallas J, Wingler A. Effect of sugar-induced senescence on gene expression and implications for the regulation of senescence in Arabidopsis. Planta, 2006, 224: 556-568
289 Prashar Y, Weissman S M. Analysis of differential gene expression by display of 3' End restriction fragments of cDNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93: 659-663
290 Quirino B F, Noh Y S, Himelblau E, Amasino R M. Molecular aspects of leaf senescence. Trends Plant Sci, 2000, 5: 278-282
291 Quirino B F, Reiter W D, Amasino R D. One of two tandem Arabidopsis genes homologous to monosaccharide transporters is senescence-associated. Plant Mol Biol, 2001, 46: 447-457
292 Rampino P, Spano G, Pataleo S, Mita G, Napier J A, Di Fonzo N, Shewry P R, Perrotta C. Molecular analysis of a durum wheat stay green mutant: expression pattern of photosynthesis-related genes. J Cereal Sci, 2006, 43: 160-168
293 Rasco-Gaunt S, Riley A, Cannell M, Barcelo P, Lazzeri P A. Procedures allowing the transformation of a range of European elite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties via particle bombardment. J Exp Bot, 2001, 52: 865-874
294 Ray S, Mondal W A, Choudhuri M A. Regulation of leaf senescence, grain-filling and yield of rice by kinetin and abscisic acid. Physiol Plantarum, 1983, 59: 343-346
295 Rebrikov D V, Britanova O V, Gurskaya N G, Lukyanov K A, Tarabykin V S, Lukyanov S A, Journals O. Mirror orientation selection (MOS): a method for eliminating false positive clones from libraries generated by suppression subtractive hybridization. Nucleic Acids Res, 2000, 28: e90
296 Reyes J C, Muro-Pastor M I, Florencio F J. The GATA family of transcription factors in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Physiol, 2004, 134: 1718-1732
297 Riefler M, Novak O, Strnad M, Schmulling T. Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor mutants reveal functions in shoot growth, leaf senescence, seed size, germination, root development, and cytokinin metabolism. Plant Cell, 2006, 18:40-54
298 Riou-Khamlichi C, Huntley R, Jacqmard A, Murray J A H. Cytokinin activation of Arabidopsis cell division through a D-type Cyclin. Science, 1999, 283: 1541-1544
299 Robatzek S, Somssich I E. A new member of the Arabidopsis WRKY transcription factor family, AtWRKY6, is associated with both senescence- and defence-related processes. Plant J, 2001, 28: 123-133
300 Robatzek S, Somssich I E. Targets of At WRKY6 regulation during plant senescence and pathogen defense. Genes Dev, 2002,16: 1139-1149
301 Roberts G R, Garoosi G A, Koroleva O, Ito M, Laufs P, Leader D J, Caddick M X, Doonan J H, Tomsett A B. The alc-GR System. A modified alc gene switch designed for use in plant tissue culture. Plant Physiol, 2005,138: 1259-1267
302 Robson P R H,Donnison I S,Wang K,Frame B,Pegg S E,Thomas A,Thomas H.Leaf senescence is delayed in maize expressing the Agrobacterium IPT gene under the control of a novel maize senescence-enhanced promoter.Plant Biotechnol J,2004,2:101-112
303 Rogers S O,Bendich A J.Extraction of DNA from milligram amounts of fresh,herbarium and mummified plant tissues.Plant Mol Biol,1985,5:69-76
304 Roitsch T,Ehne R.Regulation of source/sink relations by cytokinins.Plant Growth Regul,2000,32:359-367
305 Rojo E,Martin R,Carter C,Zouhar J,Pan S,Plotnikova J,Jin H,Paneque M,Sanchez-Serrano J J,Baker B.VPE gamma exhibits a caspase-like activity that contributes to defense against pathogens.Curr Biol,2004,14:1897-1906
306 Rosenow D T,Quisenberry J E,Wendt C W,Clark L E.Drought-tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm.Agric Water Manage,1983,7:207-222
307 Rotari V I,He R,Gallois P.Death by proteases in plants:whodunit.Physiol Piantarum,2005,123:376-385
308 Ryu C H,You J H,Kang H G,Hur J,Kim Y H,Han M J,An K,Chung B C,Lee C H,An G.Generation of T-DNA tagging lines with a bidirectional gene trap vector and the establishment of an insertion-site database.Plant Mol Biol,2004,54:489-502
309 Sa G,Mi M,He-chun Y,Ben-ye L,Guo-feng L,Kang C.Effects of ipt gene expression on the physiological and chemical characteristics of Artemisia annua L.Plant Sci,2001,160:691-698
310 Sabatini S,Beis D,Wolkenfelt H,Murfett J,Guilfoyle T,Malamy J,Benfey P,Leyser O,Bechtold N,Weisbeek P.An auxin-dependent distal organizer of pattern and polarity in the Arabidopsis root.Cell,2003,5:824-826
311 Saha P,Chakraborti D,Sarkar A,Dutta I,Basu D,Das S.Characterization of vascular-specific RSs1 and rolC promoters for their utilization in engineering plants to develop resistance against hemipteran insect pests.Planta,2007,226:429-442
312 Sakakibara H.Cytokinins:activity,biosynthesis,and translocation.Annu Rev Plant Biol,2006,57:431-449
313 Sakakibara H,Kasahara H,Ueda N,Kojima M,Takei K,Hishiyama S,Asami T,Okada K,Kamiya Y,Yamaya T.Agrobacterium tumefaciens increases cytokinin production in plastids by modifying the biosynthetic pathway in the host plant.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2005,102:9972
314 Sallaud C,Gay C,Larmande P,Bes M,Piffanelli P,Piegu B,Droc G,Regad F,Bourgeois E,Meynard D.Technical advance high throughput T-DNA insertion mutagenesis in rice:a first step towards in silico reverse genetics.Plant J,2004,39:450-464
315 Sambrook J,Fritsch E F,Maniatis T.Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual(ed.).Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1989,
316 Samuelson M E,Larsson C M.Nitrate regulation of zeatin riboside levels in barley roots:effects of inhibitors of N assimilation and comparison with ammonium.Plant Sci,1993,93:77-84
317 Sandhu J S,Krasnyanski S F,Domier L L,Korban S S,Osadjan M D,Buetow D E.Oral immunization of mice with transgenic tomato fruit expressing respiratory syncytial virus-F protein induces a systemic immune response.2000,9:127-135
318 Sanford J C,Smith F D,Russell J A.Optimizing the biolistic process for different biological applications.Methods Enzymol,1993,217:483-509
319 Sariban E,Luebbers R,Kufe D.Transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of c-fos gene expression in human monocytes.Mol Cell Biol,1988,8:340-346
320 Sarkar D,Kang D C,Fisher P B.Reciprocal subtraction differential RNA display(RSDD):an efficient technology for cloning differentially expressed genes.Methods Mol Biol,2007,383:1-14
321 Sato Y,Morita R,Nishimura M,Yamaguchi H,Kusaba M.Mendel's green cotyledon gene encodes a positive regulator of the chlorophyll-degrading pathway.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104:14169-14174
322 Schittenhelm S,Menge-Hartmann U,Oldenburg E.Photosynthesis,carbohydrate metabolism,and yield of phytochrome-B-overexpressing potatoes under different light regimes.Crop Sci,2004,44:131-143
323 Schmid M,Simpson D,Gietl C.Programmed cell death in castor bean endosperm is associated with the accumulation and release of a cysteine endopeptidase from ricinosomes.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1999,96:14159-14164
324 Schoof H,Lenhard M,Haecker A,Mayer K F X,Jurgens G,Laux T.The stem cell population of Arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the CLAVATA and WUSCHEL genes. Cell, 2000, 100: 635-644
325 Schruff M C, Spielman M, Tiwari S, Adams S, Fenby N, Scott R J. The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 gene of Arabidopsis links auxin signalling, cell division, and the size of seeds and other organs. Development, 2006, 133: 251-261
326 Settles A M, Holding D R, Tan B C, Latshaw S P, Liu J, Suzuki M, Li L, O'Brien B A, Fajardo D S, Wroclawska E. Sequence-indexed mutations in maize using the UniformMu transposon-tagging population. BMC Genomics, 2007, 8: 116
327 Shen G, Pang Y, Lin C, Wei C, Qian X, Jiang L, Du X, Li K, Attia K, Yang J. Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Hsp100/Clp Gene (osClpD) from Oryza sativa. DNA Seq, 2003, 14: 285-293
328 Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2000, 3: 217-223
329 Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Seki M. Regulatory network of gene expression in the drought and cold stress responses. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2003, 6:410-417
330 Shyamala V, Ames G F L. Amplification of bacterial genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing after asymmetric amplification: application to the study of periplasmic permeases. J Bacteriol, 1989,171: 1602-1608
331 Singh K B, Foley R C, Onate-Sanchez L. Transcription factors in plant defense and stress responses. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2002, 5:430-436
332 Smale S T, Kadonaga J T. The RNA polymerase II core promoter. Annu Rev Biochem, 2003, 72: 449-479
333 Smart C M. Tansley Review No. 64. Gene expression during leaf senescence. New Phytol, 1994, 126:419-448
334 Smigocki A, Neal J W, McCanna I, Douglass L. Cytokinin-mediated insect resistance in Nicotiana plants transformed with the ipt gene. Plant Mol Biol, 1993, 23: 325-335.
335 Smigocki A C. Cytokinin content and tissue distribution in plants transformed by a reconstructed isopentenyl transferase gene. Plant Mol Biol, 1991,16: 105-115
336 Sohal A K, Pallas J A, Jenkins G I. The promoter of a Brassica napus lipid transfer protein gene is active in a range of tissues and stimulated by light and viral infection in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol, 1999,41: 75-87
337 Spano G Di Fonzo N, Perrotta C, Platani C, Ronga G Lawlor D W, Napier J A, Shewry P R. Physiological characterization of 'stay green' mutants in durum wheat. J Exp Bot, 2003, 54: 1415-1420
338 Squires J, Stephens J, Schoelz J E, Palukaitis P. Assessment of CaMV-mediated gene silencing and integration of CaMV into GM plants with a 35S RNA promoter. Environ Biosafety Res, 2007. 6: 259-270
339 Stadler L J. Chromosome number and the mutation rate in avena and triticum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1929,15: 876-881
340 Stessman D, Miller A, Spalding M, Rodermel S. Regulation of photosynthesis during Arabidopsis leaf development in continuous light. Photosynth Res, 2002, 72: 27-37
341 Subudhi P K, Rosenow D T, Nguyen H T. Quantitative trait loci for the stay green trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench): consistency across genetic backgrounds and environments. Theor Appl Genet, 2000, 101: 733-741
342 Sun T, Gubler F. Molecular mechanism of gibberellin signaling in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2004,55: 197-223
343 Surpin M, Zheng H, Morita M T, Saito C, Avila E, Blakeslee JJ, Bandyopadhyay A, Kovaleva V, Carter D, Murphy A. The VTI family of SNARE proteins is necessary for plant viability and mediates different protein transport pathways. Plant Cell, 2003, 15: 2885-2899
344 Takahashi Y, Berberich T, Yamashita K, Uehara Y, Miyazaki A, Kusano T. Identification of tobacco HIN1 and two closely related genes as spermine-responsive genes and their differential expression during the tobacco mosaic virus-induced hypersensitive response and during leaf-and flower-senescence. Plant Mol Biol, 2004, 54: 613-622
345 Takei K, Sakakibara H, Taniguchi M, Sugiyama T. Nitrogen-Dependent Accumulation of cytokinins in root and the translocation to leaf: implication of cytokinin species that induces gene expression of maize response regulator. Plant Cell Physiol, 2001,42: 85-93
346 Tang G,Reinhart B J,Bartei D P,Zamore P D.A biochemical framework for RNA silencing in plants.Genes Dev,2003,17:49-63
347 Tao Y Z,Henzell R G,Jordan D R,Butler D G,Kelly A M,Mclntyre C L.Identification of genomic regions associated with stay green in sorghum by testing RILs in multiple environments.Theor Appl Genet,2000,100:1225-1232
348 Tavva V S,Dinkins R D,Palli S R,Collins G B.Technical advance development of a methoxyfenozide-responsive gene switch for applications in plants.Plant J,2006,45:457-469
349 Taylor J E,Renwick K F,Webb A A,McAinsh M R,Furini A,Bartels D,Quatrano R S,Marcotte Jr W R,Hetherington A M.ABA-regulated promoter activity in stomatal guard cells.Plant J,1995,7:129-134
350 Teakle G R,Manfield I W,Graham J F,Gilmartin P M.Arabidopsis thaliana GATA factors:organisation,expression and DNA-binding characteristics.Plant Mol Biol,2002,50:43-56
351 Teramoto H,Toyama T,Takeba G,Tsuji H.Changes in expression of two cytokinin-repressed genes,CR9 and CR20,in relation to aging,greening and wounding in cucumber.Planta,1995,196:387-395
352 Terzaghi W B,Cashmore A R.Light-regulated transcription.Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1995,46:445-474
353 Thomas H,de Villiers L.Gene expression in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana induced to senesce by nutrient deprivation.J Exp Bot,1996,47:1845-1852
354 Thomas H,Howarth C J.Five ways to stay green.J Exp Bot,2000,51:329-337
355 Thomas H,Morgan W G,Thomas A M,Ougham H J.Expression of the stay-green character introgressed into Lolium temulentum Ceres from a senescence mutant of Festuca pratensis.Theor Appl Genet,1999,99:92-99
356 Thomas H,Smart C M.Crops that stay green.Ann Appl Biol,1993,123:193-129
357 Tittarelli A,Milla L,Vargas F,Morales A,Neupert C,Meisel L A,Salvo-G H,Penaloza E,Munoz G,Corcuera L J.Isolation and comparative analysis of the wheat TaPT2 promoter:Identification in silico of new putative regulatory motifs conserved between monocots and dicots.J Exp Bot,2007,58:2573-2582
358 To J P C,Haberer G,Ferreira F J,Deruere J,Mason M G,Schaller G E,Alonso J M,Ecker J R,Kieber J J.Type-A Arabidopsis response regulators are partially redundant negative regulators of cytokinin signaling online version contains web-only data.Plant Cell,2004,16:658-671
359 Toki S,Hara N,Ono K,Onodera H,Tagiri A,Oka S,Tanaka H.Early infection of scutellum tissue with Agrobacterium allows high-speed transformation of rice.Plant J,2006,47:969-976
360 Tran L S P,Nakashima K,Sakuma Y,Simpson S D,Fujita Y,Maruyama K,Fujita M,Seki M,Shinozaki K,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K.Isolation and functional analysis of Arabidopsis stress-inducible NAC transcription factors that bind to a drought-responsive cis-element in the early responsive to dehydration stress 1 promoter.Plant Cell,2004,16:2481-2498
361 Triglia T,Peterson M G,Kemp D J.A procedure for in vitro amplification of DNA segments that lie outside the boundaries of known sequences.Nucleic Acids Res,1988,16:8186
362 Tucker M L,Whitelaw C A,Lyssenko N N,Nath P.Functional analysis of regulatory elements in the gene promoter for an abscission-specific cellulase from bean and isolation,expression,and binding affinity of three TGA-type basic leucine zipper transcription factors.Plant Physiol,2002,130:1487-1496
363 Uauy C,Disteifeld A,Fahima T,Blechl A,Dubeovsky J.A NAC gene regulating senescence improves grain protein,zinc,and iron content in wheat.Science,2006,314:1298-1301
364 Ueguchi C,Koizumi H,Suzuki T,Mizuno T.Novel family of sensor histidine kinase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant Cell Physiol,2001,42:231-235
365 Urao T,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Urao S,Shinozaki K.An Arabidopsis myb homolog is induced by dehydration stress and its gene product binds to the conserved MYB recognition sequence.Plant Cell,1993,5:1529-1539
366 van der Biezen E A,Brandwagt B F,van Leeuwen W,John H,Nijkamp J,Hille J.Identification and isolation of the FEEBLY gene from tomato by transposon tagging.Mol Genet Genomics,1996,251:267-280
367 van der Graaff E,Schwacke R,Schneider A,Desimone M,Flugge U I,Kunze R.Transcription analysis of Arabidopsis membrane transporters and hormone pathways during developmental and induced leaf senescence.Plant Physiol,2006,141:776-792
368 van Doorn W G,Woltering E J.Many ways to exit? Cell death categories in plants.Trends Plant Sci, 2005, 10: 117-122
369 van Doom W G, Woltering E J. Physiology and molecular biology of petal senescence. J Exp Bot on line, 2008,
370 van L K, Beinsberger S E I, Valcke R L M, Van Onckelen H A, Clijsters H M M. Morphometric analysis of the gowth of Phsp70-ipt transgenic tobacco plants. J Exp Bot, 1993, 44: 1671 -1678
371 van Loon L C, Geraats B P J, Linthorst H J M. Ethylene as a modulator of disease resistance in plants. Trends Plant Sci, 2006,11: 184-191
372 Vaucheret H. Post-transcriptional small RNA pathways in plants: mechanisms and regulations. Genes Dev, 2006, 20: 759-771
373 Vaughan S P, James D J, Lindsey K, Massiah A J. Characterization of FaRB7, a near root-specific gene from strawberry (Fragariaxananassa Duch.) and promoter activity analysis in homologous and heterologous hosts. J Exp Bot, 2006, 57: 3901
374 Velculescu V E, Zhang L, Vogelstein B, Kinzler K W. Serial analysis of gene expression. Science, 1995, 270: 368-369
375 Verelst W, Saedler H, Munster T. MIKC* MADS-protein complexes bind motifs enriched in the proximal region of late pollen-specific Arabidopsis promoters. Plant Physiol, 2007, 143: 447-460
376 Vida T A. In vitro reconstitution of intercompartmental protein transport to the yeast vacuole. J Cell Biol, 1990,111:2871-2884
377 Vierstra R D. Proteolysis in plants: mechanisms and functions. Plant Mol Biol, 1996, 32: 275-302
378 Vigneault F, Guerin S L. Regulation of gene expression: probing DNA-protein interactions in vivo and in vitro. 2005, 2: 705-718
379 Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, Van De Lee T, Homes M, Frijters A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kuiper M. AFLP: A new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res, 1995, 23: 4407-4414
380 Wang H J, Wan A R, Hsu C M, Lee K W, Yu S M, Jauh G Y. Transcriptomic adaptations in rice suspension cells under sucrose starvation. Plant Mol Biol, 2007a, 63: 441-463
381 Wang P, Duan W, Takabayashi A, Endo T, Shikanai T, Ye J Y, Mi H. Chloroplastic NAD (P) H Dehydrogenase in Tobacco Leaves Functions in Alleviation of Oxidative Damage Caused by Temperature Stress. Plant Physiol, 2006,141: 465-474
382 Wang T W, Zhang CG, Wu W, Nowack L M, Madey E, Thompson J E. Antisense suppression of deoxyhypusine synthase in tomato delays fruit softening and alters growth and development. Plant Physiol, 2005,138: 1372-1382
383 Wang X, Shi G, Xu Q, Hu J. Exogenous polyamines enhance copper tolerance of Nymphoides peltatum. J Plant Physiol, 2007b, 164: 1062-1070
384 Wang Y Q, Chen D J, Wang D M, Huang Q S, Yao Z P, Liu F J, Wei X W, Li R J, Zhang Z N, Sun Y R. Over-expression of Gastrodia anti-fungal protein enhances Verticillium wilt resistance in coloured cotton. Plant Breed, 2004, 123:454-459
385 Watanabe H, Abe K, Emori Y, Hosoyama H, Arai S. Molecular cloning and gibberellin-induced expression of multiple cysteine proteinases of rice seeds (oryzains). J Biol Chem, 1991, 266: 16897-16902
386 Weiss B. Endonuclease II of Escherichia coli is exonuclease III. J Biol Chem, 1976, 251: 1896-1901
387 Werner T, Kollmer I, Bartrina I, Hoist K, Schmulling T. New insights into the biology of cytokinin degradation. Plant Biol, 2006, 8: 371-381
388 Werner T, Motyka V, Laucou V, Smets R, Van Onckelen H, Schmuling T. Cytokinin-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of shoot and root meristem activity. Plant Cell, 2003, 15: 2532-2550
389 Wingler A, Mares M, Pourtau N. Spatial patterns and metabolic regulation of photosynthetic parameters during leaf senescence. New Phytol, 2004, 161: 781-789
390 Wingler A, Purdy S, MacLean J A, Pourtau N. The role of sugars in integrating environmental signals during the regulation of leaf senescence. J Exp Bot, 2006, 57: 391-399
391 Wingler A, von Schaewen A, Leegood R C, Lea P J, Quick W P. Regulation of leaf senescence by cytokinin, sugars, and light Plant Physiol, 1998, 116: 329-335
392 Winicov I, Valliyodan B, Xue L, Hoober J K. The MsPRP2 promoter enables strong heterologous gene expression in a root-specific manner and is enhanced by overexpression of Alfin 1. Planta, 2004,219:925-935
393 Woltering E J,van der Bent A,Hoeberichts F A.Do plant caspases exist? Plant Physiol,2002,130:1764-1769
394 Woo H R,Goh C H,Park J H,de la Serve B T,Kim J H,Park Y I,Nam H G.Extended leaf longevity in the ore 4-1 mutant of Arabidopsis with a reduced expression of a plastid ribosomal protein gene.Plant J,2002,31:331-340
395 Woodhead M,Davies H V,Brennan R M,Taylor M A.The isolation of genomic DNA from blackcurrant(Ribes nigrum L.).Mol Biotechnol,1998,9:243-246
396 Wu C Y,Washida H,Onodera Y,Harada K,Takaiwa F.Quantitative nature of the Prolamin-box,ACGT and AACA motifs in a rice glutelin gene promoter:minimal cis-element requirements for endosperm-specific gene expression.Plant J,2000,23:415-421
397 Wu D,Liu B,Hou W,Zhu Y,Han T.Transposon tagging and its potential use in functional genomies study of soybean.Soybean Sci,2007a,26:254
398 Wu Z,Zhang X,He B,Diao L,Sheng S,Wang J,Guo X,Su N,Wang L,Jiang L.A chlorophyll-deficient rice mutant with impaired chlorophyllide esterification in chlorophyll biosynthesis.Plant Physiol,2007b,145:29-40
399 Xiang T,Wang L,Pang J.Cloning and characterization of a full-length cab gene encoding the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Acta Agron Sinica,2005,31:1227-1232
400 Xu D,McElroy D,Thornburg R W,Wu R.Systemic induction of a potato pin2 promoter by wounding,methyl iasmonate,and abscisic acid in transgenic rice plants.Plant Mol Biol,1993,22:573-588
401 Xu W,Subudhi P K,Crasta O R,Rosenow D T,Mullet J E,Nguyen H T.Molecular mapping of QTLs conferring stay-green in grain sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.Moench).Genome,2000,43:461-469
402 Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Shinozaki K.Transcriptional regulatory networks in cellular responses and tolerance to dehydration and cold stresses.Annu Rev Plant Biol,2006,57:781-803
403 Yamamoto Y Y,Obokata J.ppdb:a plant promoter database.Nucleic Acids Res,2008,36:D977-981
404 Yamanouchi U,Yano M,Lin H,Ashikari M,Yamada K.A rice spotted leaf gene,Spl7,encodes a heat stress transcription factor protein.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2002,99:7530-7535
405 Yan J,He C,Wang J,Mao Z,Holaday S A,Allen R D,Zhang H.Overexpression of the Arabidopsis 14-3-3 Protein GF14λ in Cotton Leads to a Stay-Green Phenotype and Improves Stress Tolerance under Moderate Drought Conditions.Plant Cell Physiol,2004,45:1007-1014
406 Yanagisawa S,Akiyama A,Kisaka H,Uchimiya H,Miwa T.Metabolic engineering with Dof1transcription factor in plants:Improved nitrogen assimilation and growth under low-nitrogen conditions.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101:7833-7838
407 Yang K,Im Y,Chung G,Cho B.Activity of the Arabidopsis blue copper-binding protein gene promoter in transgenic tobacco plants upon wounding.Plant Cell Reports,2002,20:987-991
408 Yashima Y,Kaihatsu A,Nakajima T,Kokubun M.Effects of source/Sink ratio and cytokinin application on pod set in soybean.Rice Sci,2005,8:139-144
409 Ye X,Al-Babili S,Kloti A,Zhang J,Lucca P,Beyer P,Potrykus I.Engineering the provitamin A (b Carotene) biosynthetic pathway into(carotenoid-free) rice endosperm.Science,2000,287:303
410 Yen C H,Yang C H.Evidence for programmed cell death during leaf senescence in plants.Plant Cell Physiol,1998,39:922-927
411 Ying Z,Wu Y,Avigne W,Koch K.Sugar responses of maize invertase genes are altered by cytokinins:whole plant implications for sugar sensing in a developmental context.Proceedings of the international conference on assimilate transportand partitioning,1999,197
412 Yoo S C,Cho S H,Zhang H,Paik H C,Lee C H,Li J,Yoo J H,Lee B W,Koh H J,Seo H S.Quantitative trait loci associated with functional stay-green SNU-SG1 in rice.Mol Cells,2007,24:83-94
413 Yoshida S.Molecular regulation of leaf senescence.Curr Opin Plant Bioi,2003,6:79-84
414 Yu D,Chen C,Chen Z.Evidence for an important role of WRKY DNA binding proteins in the regulation of NPR1 gene expression.Plant Cell,2001,13:1527-1540
415 Yue B,Xue W Y,Luo L J,Xing Y Z.QTL Analysis for flag leaf characteristics and their relationships with yield and yield traits in rice.Acta Genetica Sinica,2006,33:824-832
416 Zambryski P,Joos H,Genetello C,van Montagu M,Schell J.Ti plasmid vector for the introduction of DNA into plant cells without alteration of their normal regeneration capacity. EMBO J, 1983, 2:2143-2150
417 Zartman R E, Woyewodzic R T. Root distribution patterns of two hybrid grain sorghums under field conditions. Agron J, 1979, 71: 325-328
418 Zeng F, Zhang X, Zhu L, Tu L, Guo X, Nie Y. Isolation and characterization of genes associated to cotton somatic embryogenesis by suppression subtractive hybridization and macroarray. Plant Mol Biol, 2006, 60: 167-183
419 Zhang J, Guo D, Chang Y, You C, Li X, Dai X, Weng Q, Zhang J, Chen G, Li X. Non-random distribution of T-DNA insertions at various levels of the genome hierarchy as revealed by analyzing 13804 T-DNA flanking sequences from an enhancer-trap mutant library. Plant J, 2007, 49: 947-959
420 Zhang L D, Yuan D J, Zhang J W, Wang S, Zhang Q. A new method for EST clustering. Acta Genetica Sinica, 2003, 30: 147-153
421 Zhang Q. Inaugural Article: Strategies for developing green super rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007,104: 16402-16409
422 Zhang Z L, Xie Z, Zou X, Casaretto J, David Ho T, Shen Q J. A rice WRKY gene encodes a transcriptional repressor of the gibberellin signaling pathway in aleurone cells. Plant Physiol, 2004,134:1500-1513
423 Zhao Y, Qian Q, Wang H, Huang D. Hereditary behavior of bar gene cassette is complex in rice mediated by particle bombardment. J Genet Genomics, 2007, 34: 824-835
424 Zheng B, MacDonald T M, Sutinen S, Hurry V, Clarke A K. A nuclear-encoded ClpP subunit of the chloroplast ATP-dependent Clp protease is essential for early development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta, 2006, 224:1103-1115
425 Zhiponova M K, Pettko-Szandtner A, Stelkovics E, Neer Z, Bottka S, Krenacs T, Dudits D, Feher A, Szilak L. Mitosis-specific promoter of the alfalfa cyclin-dependent kinase gene (Medsa; CDKB2; 1) is activated by wounding, and ethylene, in a non-cell division-dependent manner. Plant Physiol, 2006,140: 693-703
2 Aarts M G M,Dirkse W G,Stiekema W J,Pereira A.Transposon tagging of a male sterility gene in Arabidopsis.Nature,1993,715:717
3 Abdelkhalik A F,Shishido R,Nomura K,Ikehashi H.QTL-based analysis of leaf senescence in an indica/japonica hybrid in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Theor Appl Genet,2005,110:1226-1235
4 Abe H,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Urao T,Iwasaki T,Hosokawa D,Shinozaki K.Role of Arabidopsis MYC and MYB homologs in drought-and abscisic acid-regulated gene expression.Plant Cell,1997,9:1859-1868
5 Ackers G K,Johnson A D,Shea M A.Quantitative model for gene regulation by lambda phage repressor.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1982,79:1129-1136
6 Afolabi A S,Wodand B,Shape J W,Vain P.A large-scale study of rice plants transformed with different T-DNAs provides new insights into locus composition and T-DNA linkage configurations.Theor Appl Genet,2004,109:815-826
7 Akama K,Akihiro T,Kitagawa M,Takaiwa F.Rice(Oryza sativa) contains a novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic calmodulin-binding domain at the C-terminus.Biochim Biophys Acta,2001,1522:143-150
8 Alnemri E S,Livingston D J,Nicholson D W,Salvesen G,Thomberry N A,Wong W W,Yuan J.Human ICE/CED-3 protease nomenclature.Cell,1996,87:171
9 Altschul S F,Madden T L,Schaffer A A,Zhang J,Zhang Z,Miller W,Lipman D J.Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST:a new generation of protein database search programs.Nucleic Acids Res,1997,25:3389-3402
10 Ambler J R,Morgan P W,Jordan W R.Genetic regulation of senescence in a tropical grass.In:Thomson W W,Nothnagel E A,Huffaker R C eds,Plant Senescence:Its Biochemistry and Physiology.Rockville:American Society of Plant Physiologists.1987,43-53
11 An G,Lee S,Kim S H,Kim S R.Molecular genetics using T-DNA in rice.Plant Cell Physiol,2005,46:14-22
12 Anai T,Koga M,Tanaka H,Kinoshita T,Rahman S M,Takagi Y.Improvement of rice(Oryza sativa L.) seed oil quality through introduction of a soybean microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene.Plant Cell Rep,2003,21:988-992
13 Andersson A,Keskitalo J,Sjodin A,Bhalerao R,Sterky F.Wissel K,Tandre K,Aspeborg H,Moyle R,Ohmiya Y.A transcriptional timetable of autumn senescence.Genome Biol,2004,5:R24
14 Angenon G,Van Montagu M,Depicker A.Analysis of the stop codon context in plant nuclear genes.FEBS Lett,1990,271:144-156
15 Annadana S,Beekwilder M J,Kuipers G,Visser P B,Outchkourov N,Pereira A,Udayakumar M,De Jong J,Jongsma M A.Cloning of the chrysanthemum UEP1 promoter and comparative expression in florets and leaves of dendranthema grandiflora.Transgenic Res,2002,11:437-445
16 Ansari M I,Lee R H,Chen S-C G.A novel senescence-associated gene encoding γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA):pyruvate transaminase is upregulated during rice leaf senescence.Physiol Plantarum,2005,123:1-8
17 Aoyama T,Chua N H.A glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional induction system in transgenic plants.Plant J,1997,11:605-612
18 Armstead I,Donnison I,Aubry S,Harper J,Hortensteiner S,James C,Mani J,Moffet M,Ougham H,Roberts L.Cross-species identification of Mendel's I locus.Science,2007,315:73
19 Armstrong D J.Cytokinin oxidase and the regulation of cytokinin degradation.In:David W S M,Machteld M C,ed.,Cytokinins:Chemistry,Activity,and Function.Boca Raton,Florida:CRC Press,1994,139-54
20 Asakawa K,Suster M L,Mizusawa K,Nagayoshi S,Kotani T,Urasaki A,Kishimoto Y,Hibi M,Kawakami K.Genetic dissection of neural circuits by Tol2 transposon-mediated Gal4 gene and enhancer trapping in zebrafish.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2008,105:1255-1260
21 Ashikari M,Sakakibara H,Lin S,Yamamoto T,Takashi T,Nishimura A,Angeles E R,Qian Q,Kitano H,Matsuoka M.Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production.Science,2005.309:741-745
22 Bachem C W B,van der Hoeven R S,de Bruijn S M,Vreugdenhil D,Zabeau M,Visser R G F.Visualization of differential gene expression using a novel method of RNA fingerprinting based on AFLP:analysis of gene expression during potato tuber development.Plant J,1996,9:745-753
23 Bajji M,Lutts S,Kinet J M.Physiological changes after exposure to and recovery from polyethylene glycol-induced water deficit in roots and leaves of durum wheat(Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars differing in drought resistance.Plant Physiol,2000,157:100-108
24 Baranowskij N,Frohberg C,Prat S,Willmitzer L.A novel DNA binding protein with homology to Myb oncoproteins containing only one repeat can function as a transcriptional activator.EMBO J,1994,13:5383-5392
25 Bastola D R,Pethe V V,Winicov I.Alfinl,a novel zinc-finger protein in alfalfa roots that binds to promoter elements in the salt-inducible MsPRP2 gene.Plant Mol Biol,1998,38:1123-1135
26 Baurle I,Laux T.Regulation of WUSCHEL Transcription in the stem cell niche of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem.Plant Cell,2005,17:2271-2280
27 Bhaierao R,Keskitalo J,Sterky F,Erlandsson R,Bjorkbacka H,Birve S J,Karlsson J,Gardestrom P,Gustafsson P,Lundeberg J.Gene expression in autumn leaves.Plant Physiol,2003,131:430-442
28 Bi X,Khush G S,Bennett J.The rice nucellin gene ortholog OsAsp1 encodes an active aspartic protease without a plant-specific insert and is strongly expressed in early embryo.Plant Cell Physiol,2005,46:87-98
29 Bleecker A B,Estelle M A,Somerville C,Kende H.Insensitivity to ethylene conferred by a dominant mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana.Science,1988,241:1086-1089
30 Bliffied M.Genetic engineering of wheat for increased resistance to powdey mildew disease.The,or Appl Genet,1999,98:1079-1086
31 Bonneau L,Ge Y,Drury G E,Gallois P.What happened to plant caspases? J Exp Bot,2008,
32 Borrell A K,Hammer G L,Henzell R G.Does maintaining green leaf area in sorghum improve yield under drought? Ⅱ.Dry Matter Production and Yield.Crop Sci,2000,40:1037-1048
33 Borrell A K,Hammer G L,Van Oosterom E.Stay green:a consequence of the balance between supply and demand for nitrogen during grain filling.Ann Appl Biol,2001,138:91-95
34 Bouehez D,Tokuhisa J G,Llewellyn D J,Dennis E S,Ellis J G.The oes-element is a component of the promoters of several T-DNA and plant viral genes.EMBO J,1989,8:4197-4204
35 Bouffartigues E,Buckle M,Badaut C,Travers A,Rimsky S.H-NS cooperative binding to high-affinity sites in a regulatory element results in transcriptional silencing.Nat Struct Mol Biol,2007,14:441-448
36 Bourque J E,Folk W R.Suppression of gene expression in plant cells utilizing antisense sequences transcribed by RNA polymerase Ⅲ.Plant Mol Biol,1992,19:641-647
37 Bradford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.Anal Biochem,1976,72:248-254
38 Brand A H,Perrimon N.Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes.Development,1993,118:401-415
39 Bratanich A,Blanchetot A.A gene similar to the human hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (RHAMM) gene is upregulated during porcine circovirus type 2 infection.Virus Genes,2006,32:145-152
40 Brouquisse R,James F,Raymond P,Pradet A.Study of glucose starvation in excised maize root tips.Plant Physiol,1991,96:619-626
41 Brown R L,Kazan K,McGrath K C,Maclean D J,Manners J M.A role for the GCC-box in jasmonate-mediated activation of the PDF1.2 gene of Arabidopsis.Plant Physiol,2003,132:1020-1032
42 Brutnell T P.Transposon tagging in maize.Funct Integr Genomics,2002,2:4-12
43 Buchanan-Wollaston V.The molecular biology of leaf senescence.J Exp Bot,1997,307:181-199
44 Buchanan-Wollaston V,Earl S,Harrison E,Mathas E,Navabpour S,Page T,Pink D.The molecular analysis of leaf senescence-a genomics approach.Plant Biotechnol J,2003,1:3-22
45 Buchanan-Wollaston V,Page T,Harrison E,Breeze E,Lim P O,Nam H G,Lin J F,Wu S H,Swidzinski J,Ishizaki K.Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals significant differences in gene expression and signalling pathways between developmental and dark/starvation-induced senescence in Arabidopsis.Plant J,2005,42:567-585
46 Butler J E F,Kadonaga J T.The RNA polymerase Ⅱ core promoter:a key component in the regulation of gene expression.Genes Dev,2002,16:2583-2592
47 Caddick M X, Greenland A J, Jepson I, Krause K P, Qu N, Riddell K V, Salter M G, Schuch W, Sonnewald U, Tomsett A B. An ethanol inducible gene switch for plants used to manipulate carbon metabolism. Nat Biotechnol, 1998, 16: 177-180
48 Cai M, Qiu D, Yuan T, Ding X, Li H, Duan L I U, Xu C, Li X, Wang S. Identification of novel pathogen-responsive cis-elements and their binding proteins in the promoter of OsWRKY13, a gene regulating rice disease resistance. Plant Cell Environ, 2008, 31: 86-96
49 Cai M, Wei J, Li X, Xu C, Wang S. A rice promoter containing both novel positive and negative cis-elements for regulation of green tissue-specific gene expression in transgenic plants. Plant Biotechnol J, 2007, 5: 664-674
50 Calderini O, Bovone T, Scotti C, Pupilli F, Piano E, Arcioni S. Delay of leaf senescence in Medicago sativa transformed with the ipt gene controlled by the senescence-specific promoter SAG12. Plant Cell Reports, 2007, 26: 611-615
51 Camera S, Geoffroy P, Samaha H, Ndiaye A, Rahim G, Legrand M, Heitz T. A pathogen-inducible patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolase facilitates fungal and bacterial host colonization in Arabidopsis. Plant J, 2005, 44: 810-825
52 Cao M L. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and the expression of autoregulatory senescence-inhibition system in rice. (Dessertation for Doctoral Degree). Wuhan: HuaZhong Agriculturial University. 1998
53 Cercos M, Gomez-Cadenas A, Ho T H D. Hormonal regulation of a cysteine proteinase gene, EPB-1, in barley aleurone layers: cis- and trans-acting elements involved in the co-ordinated gene expression regulated by gibberellins and abscisic acid. Plant J, 1999,19: 107-118
54 Cha K W, Lee Y J, Koh H J, Lee B M, Nam Y W, Paek N C. Isolation, characterization, and mapping of the stay green mutant in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2002,104: 526-532
55 Chang H, Jones M L, Banowetz G M, Clark D G Overproduction of cytokinins in Petunia flowers transformed with PSAG12-IPT delays crolla snescence and dcreases snsitivity to ehylene. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 2174-2183
56 Chattopadhyay S, Puente P, Deng X W, Wei N. Combinatorial interaction of light-responsive elements plays a critical role in determining the response characteristics of light-regulated promoters in Arabidopsis. Plant J, 1998, 15: 69-77
57 Chazen O, Neumann P. Hydraulic signals from the roots and rapid cell-wall hardening in growing maize (Zea mays L.) leaves are primary responses to polyethylene glycol-induced water deficits. Plant Physiol, 1994,104: 1385-1392
58 Chen J, Wan J, Jiang H, Gao X L, Wang P R, Xi J, Xu Z J. Cloning and expression analysis of OsNADPH1 Gene from rice in drought stress response. Rice Sci, 2006, 13: 149-154
59 Chen M, Liu L, Chen Y, Wu HK, Yu S. Expression of a-amylases, carbohydrate metabolism, and autophagy in cultured rice cells is coordinately regulated by sugar nutrient. Plant J, 1994, 6: 625-636
60 Chen S, Jin W, Wang M, Zhang F, Zhou J, Jia Q, Wu Y, Liu F, Wu P. Technical Advance Distribution and characterization of over 1000 T-DNA tags in rice genome. Plant J, 2003, 36: 105-113
61 Chen W, Provart N J, Glazebrook J, Katagiri F, Chang H S, Eulgem T, Mauch F, Luan S, Zou G, Whitham S A. Expression profile matrix of Arabidopsis transcription factor genes suggests their putative functions in response to environmental stresses. Plant Cell, 2002, 14: 559-574
62 Cheong Y H, Moon B C, Kim J K, Kim C Y, Kim M C, Kim I H, Park C Y, Kim J C, Park B O, Koo S C. BWMK1, a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase, locates in the nucleus and mediates mathogenesis-related gene expression by activation of a transcription factor 1. Plant Physiol, 2003, 132: 1961-1972
63 Chinju K. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of rice proteins by polyethylene glycol fractionation for protein arrays. Electrophoresis, 2001, 22: 2103-2109
64 Cho M J, Yano H, Okamoto D, Kim H K, Jung H R, Newcomb K, Le V K, Yoo H S, Langham R, Buchanan B B. Stable transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) via microprojectile bombardment of highly regenerative, green tissues derived from mature seed. Plant Cell Reports, 2004a, 22: 483-489
65 Cho S M, Shin S H, Kim K S, Kim Y C, Eun M Y, Cho B H. Enhanced expression of a gene encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (OsNDPK1) in rice plants upon infection with bacterial pathogens. Mol Cells, 2004b, 18: 390-395
66 Christensen A H, Sharrock R A, Quail P H. Maize polyubiquitin genes: structure, thermal perturbation of expression and transcript splicing,and promoter activity following transfer to protoplasts by electroporation.Plant Mol Biol,1992,18:675-689
67 Chu Z,Ouyang,Y.,Zhang,J.,Yang,H.,and Wang,S.Genome-wide analysis of defense-responsive genes in bacterial blight resistance of rice mediated by the recessive R gene xa13.Mol Genet Genomics,2004 271:111-120
68 Clarke H R G,Davis J M,Wilbert S M,Bradshaw H D,Gordon M P.Wound-induced and developmental activation of a poplar tree chitinase gene promoter in transgenic tobacco.Plant Mol Biol,1994,25:799-815
69 Clouse S D.Molecular genetic studies confirm the role of brassinosteroids in plant growth and development.Plant J,1996,10:1-8
70 Coca M A,Almoguera C,Thomas T L,Jordano J.Differential regulation of small heat-shock genes in plant:analysis of a water-stress-induced and developmentally activated sunflower promoter.Plant Mol Biol,1996,3:863?876
71 Colbert T,Till B J,Tompa R,Reynolds S,Steine M N,Yeung A T,McCallum C M,Comai L,Henikoff S.High-throughput screening for induced point mutations.Plant Physiol,2001,126:480-484
72 Connelly S,Marshallsay C,Leader D,Brown J W,Filipowicz W.Small nuclear RNA genes transcribed by either RNA polymerase Ⅱ or RNA polymerase Ⅲ in monocot plants share three promoter elements and use a strategy to regulate gene expression different from that used by their dicot plant counterparts.Mol Cell Biol,1994,14:5910-5919
73 Cowan A K,Freeman M,Bjorkman P O,Nicander B,Sitbon F,Tillberg E.Effects of senescence-induced alteration in cytokinin metabolism on source-sink relationships and ontogenic and stress-induced transitions in tobacco.Planta,2005,221:801-814
74 Crafts-Brandner S J,Hiuzer R,Feller U.Influence of nitrogen deficiency on senescence and the amounts of RNA and proteins in wheat leaves.Physiol Plantarum,1998,102:192-200
75 Crasta O R.Mapping of post-flowering drought resistance traits in grain sorghum:association between QTLs influencing premature senescence and maturity.Mol Genet Genomics,1999,262:579-588
76 Cui S,Huang F,Wang J,Ma X,Cheng Y,Liu J.A proteomic analysis of cold stress responses in rice seedlings.Proteomics,2005,5:3162-3172
77 Daniell H,Muthukumar B,Lee S B.Marker free transgenic plants:engineering the chloroplast genome without the use of antibiotic selection.Curr Genet,2001,39:109-116
78 Danon A,Delorme V,Mailhac N,Gallois P.Plant programmed cell death:a common way to die.Plant Physiol Biochem,2000,38:647-655
79 Danon A,Rotari V I,Gordon A,Mailhac N,Gallois P.Ultraviolet-C overexposure induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis,which is mediated by caspase-like activities and which can be suppressed by caspase inhibitors,p35 and defender against apoptotic death.J Biol Chem,2004,279:779
80 Davies K M,Grierson D.Identification of cDNA clones for tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) messenger RNAs that accumulate during fruit ripening and leaf senescence in response to ethylene.Planta,1989,179:73-80
81 del Pozo O,Lam E.Caspases and programmed cell death in the hypersensitive response of plants to pathogens.Curr Biol,1998,8:1129-1132
82 Dhondt S,Geoffroy P,Stelmach B A,Legrand M,Heitz T.Soluble phospholipase A2 activity is induced before oxylipin accumulation in tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco leaves and is contributed by patatin-like enzymes.Plant J,2000,23:431-440
83 Di Serio F,Schob H,Iglesias A,Tarina C,Bouldoires E,Meins Jr F.Sense-and antisense-mediated gene silencing in tobacco is inhibited by the same viral suppressors and is associated with accumulation of small RNAs.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98:6506-6510
84 Diatchenko L,Lau Y F C,Campbell A P,Chenchik A,Moqadam F,Huang B,Lukyanov S,Lukyanov K,Gurskaya N,Sverdlov E D.Suppression subtractive hybridization:a method for generating differentially regulated or tissue-specific cDNA probes and libraries.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1996,93:6025-6030
85 Diaz C,Purdy S,Christ A,Morot-Gaudry J F,Wingler A,Masclaux-Daubresse C.Characterization of markers to determine the extent and variability of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.a metabolic profiling approach.Plant Physiol,2005,138:898-908
86 Doelling J H,Walker J M,Friedman E M,Thompson A R,Vierstra R D.The APG8/12-activating enzyme APG7 is required for proper nutrient recycling and senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem, 2002, 277: 33105-33114
87 Donnison I S, Gay A P, Thomas H, Edwards K J, Edwards D, James C L, Thomas A M, Ougham H J. Modification of nitrogen remobilization, grain fill and leaf senescence in maize {Zea mays) by transposon insertional mutagenesis in a protease gene. New Phytol, 2007, 173: 481-494
88 Dreher K, Callis J. Ubiquitin, hormones and biotic stress in plants. Ann Bot, 2007, 99: 787-822
89 D'Silva I, Poirier G G, Heath M C. Activation of cysteine proteases in cowpea plants during the hypersensitive response-a form of programmed cell death. Exp Cell Res, 1998, 245: 389-399
90 Earley K W, Haag J R, Pontes O, Opper K, Juehne T, Song K, Pikaard C S. Techniques for molecular analysis gateway-compatible vectors for plant functional genomics and proteomics. Plant J, 2006,45: 616-629
91 Eason J R, Ryan D J, Watson L M, Hedderley D, Christey M C, Braun R H, Coupe S A. Suppression of the cysteine protease, aleurain, delays floret senescence in Brassica oleracea. Plant Mol Biol, 2005, 57: 645-657
92 Ehness R, Roitsch T. Co-ordinated induction of mRNAs for extracellular invertase and a glucose transporter in Chenopodium rubrum by cytokinins. Plant J, 1997,11: 539-548
93 Ehsani P, Meunier A, Nato F, Jafari A, Nato A, Lafaye P. Expression of anti human IL-4 and IL-6 scFvs in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Mol Biol, 2003, 52: 17-29
94 Ellis C M, Nagpal P, Young J C, Hagen G, Guilfoyle T J, Reed J W. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR1 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 regulate senescence and floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development, 2005, 132: 4563-4574
95 Eulgem T, Rushton P J, Robatzek S, Somssich I E. The WRKY superfamily of plant transcription factors. Trends Plant Sci, 2000, 5: 199-206
96 Ezcurra I, Ellerstrom M, Wycliffe P, Stalberg K, Rask L. Interaction between composite elements in the napA promoter: both the B-box ABA-responsive complex and the RY/G complex are necessary for seed-specific expression. Plant Mol Biol, 1999,40: 699-709
97 Fedoroff N, Furtek D, Nelson O. Cloning of the bronze locus in maize by a simple and generalizable procedure using the transposable controlling element Activator (Ac). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1984, 81: 3825-3829
98 Feinberg A, Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabelling DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms to high specific activity. Anal Biochem, 1983, 132: 6-13
99 Feldmann K A. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis in Arabidopsis: mutational spectrum. Plant J, 1991, 1:71-82
100 Feng Y, Xue Q. The serine carboxypeptidase like gene family of rice {Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica). Funct Integr Genomics, 2006, 6: 14-24
101 Files A, Adams B S, Cha H C, Cleary J, Haiying T, Wang H, Sitwala K, Markovitz D M. DEK binding to class II MHC Y-box sequences is gene-and allele-specific. Arthritis Res Ther, 2007,
102 Filichkin S A, Meilan R, Busov V B, Ma C, Brunner A M, Strauss S H. Alcohol-inducible gene expression in transgenic Populus. Plant Cell Rep, 2006, 25: 660-667
103 Flanigan A, Gardner J F. Interaction of the gifsy-1 xis protein with the gifsy-1 attP sequence? J Bacteriol, 2007, 189: 6303-6311
104 Foster R, Izawa T, Chua N H. Plant bZIP proteins gather at ACGT elements. FASEB J, 1994, 8: 192-200
105 Fridlender M, Harrison K, Jones J D G, Levy A A. Repression of the Ac-transposase gene promoter by Ac transposase. Plant J, 1996, 9: 911-917
106 Friedrich G, Soriano P. Promoter traps in embryonic stem cells: a genetic screen to identify and mutate developmental genes in mice. Genes Dev, 1991, 5: 1513-1523
107 Fu Y, Zhao W, Peng Y. Induced expression of oryzain a gene encoding a cysteine proteinase under stress conditions. J Plant Res, 2007, 120:465-469
108 Fujiki Y, Yoshikawa Y, Sato T, Inada N, Ito M, Nishida I, Watanabe A. Dark-inducible genes from Arabidopsisthaliana are associated with leaf senescence and repressed by sugars. Physiol Plantarum, 2001, 111: 345-352
109 Fushimi T, Umeda M, Shimazaki T, Kato A, Toriyama K, Uchimiya H. Nucleotide sequence of a rice cDNA similar to a maize NADP-dependent malic enzyme. Plant Mol Biol, 1994, 24: 965-967
110 Galas D J, Schmitz A. DNAse footprinting: a simple method for the detection of protein-DNA binding specificity. Nucleic Acids Res, 1978, 5: 3157-3170
111 Gan S. 2007. Senescence processes in plants: Blackwell Publishing.
112 Gan S,Amasino R M.Inhibition of leaf senescence by autoregulated production of cytokinin.Science,1995,270:1966-1967
113 Gapper N E,Coupe S A,McKenzie M J,Sinclair B K,Lill R E,Jameson P E.Regulation of harvest-induced senescence in broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica) by cytokinin,ethylene,and sucrose.J Plant Growth Regul,2005,24:153-165
114 Gatz C,Lenk I.Promoters that respond to chemical inducers.Trends Plant Sci,1998,3:352-358
115 Gaussand G.Programmed cell death in plants and caspase-like activities.2007,department of molecular and developmental genetics,institute of biology,faculty of mathematics and natural sciences,Leiden university
116 Gentinetta E,Ceppi D,Perico G,Motto M,Salamini F.A major gene for delayed senescence in maize.Pattern of photosynthates accumulation and inheritance.Plant Breed,1986,97:193-203
117 George K S,Zhao X,Gallahan D,Shirkey A,Zareh A,Esmaeli-Azad B.Capillary electrophoresis methodology for identification of cancer related gene expression patterns of fluorescent differential display polymerase chain reaction.J Chromatogr B,1997,695:93-102
118 Gepstein S.Leaf senescence-not just a'wear and tear'phenomenon.Genome Biol,2004,5:212
119 Gepstein S,Sabehi G,Carp M J,Hajouj T,Nesher M F,Yariv I,Dor C,Bassani M.Large-scale identification of leaf senescence-associated genes.Plant J,2003,36:629-642
120 Gilmartin P M,Memelink J,Hiratsuka K,Kay S A,Chua N H.Characterization of a gene encoding a DNA binding protein with specificity for a light-responsive element.Plant Cell,1992,4:839-849
121 Gilmartin P M,Sarokin L,Memelink J,Chua N H.Molecular light switches for plant genes.Plant Cell,1990,2:369-378
122 Gottschlich S,Goeroegh T,Folz B J,Lippert B M,Werner J A.Optimized differential display and reamplification parameters for silver staining.Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol,1997,97:237-240
123 Grbic V.Spatial expression pattern of SAG12:GUS transgene in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum).Physiol Plantarum,2003,116:416-422
124 Grbic V,Bleecker A B.Ethylene regulates the timing of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.Plant J,1995,8:595-602
125 Greco R,Ouwerkerk P B F,Kam R J,Sallaud C,Favalli C,Colombo L,Guiderdoni E,Meijer A H,Hoge J H C,Pereira A.Transpositional behaviour of an Ac/Ds system for reverse genetics in rice.Theor Appl Genet,2003,108:10-24
126 Guo Y,Cai Z,Gan S.Transcriptome of Arabidopsis leaf senescence.Plant Cell Environ,2004,27:521-549
127 Guo Y,Gan S.AtNAP,a NAC family transcription factor,has an important role in leaf senescence.Plant J,2006,46:601-612
128 Gut H,Matile P.Apparent induction of key enzymes of the glyoxylic acid cycle in senescent barley leaves.Planta,1988,176:548-550
129 Guyer D,Tuttle A,Rouse S,Volrath S,Johnson M,Potter S,Gorlach J,Goff S,Crossland L,Ward E.Activation of latent transgenes in Arabidopsis using a hybrid transcription factor.Genetics,1998,149:633-639
130 Habu Y,Fukada-Tanaka S,Hisatomi Y,Iida S.Amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism-based mRNA fingerprinting using a single restriction enzyme that recognizes a 4-bp sequence.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1997,234:516-521
131 Hamilton A J,Baulcombe D C.A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants.Science,1999,286:950-952
132 Hanaoka H,Noda T,Shirano Y,Kato T,Hayashi H,Shibata D,Tabata S,Ohsumi Y.Leaf senescence and starvation-induced chlorosis are accelerated by the disruption of an Arabidopsis autophagy gene.Plant Physiol,2002,129:1181-1193
133 Harms K,Woener R V,Sehulz B,Frommer W B.Isolation and characterization of P-type H+-ATPase genes from potato.Plant Mol Biol,1994,26:979-988
134 Harris K,Subudhi P K,Borrell A,Jordan D,Rosenow D,Nguyen H,Klein P,Klein R,Mullet J.Sorghum stay-green QTL individually reduce post-flowering drought-induced leaf senescence.J Exp Bot,2007,58:327-338
135 Hartley J L,Temple G F,Brasch M A.DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination.Genome Res,2000,10:1788-1795
136 Harushima Y,Yano M,Shomura A,Sato M,Shimano T,Kuboki Y,Yamamoto T,Lin S Y,Antonio B A, Parco A. A high-density rice genetic linkage map with 2275 markers using a single F_2 population. Genetics, 1998, 148: 479-494
137 Haussmann B, Mahalakshmi V, Reddy B, Seetharama N, Hash C, Geiger H. QTL mapping of stay-green in two sorghum recombinant inbred populations. Theor Appl Genet, 2002, 106: 133-142
138 He P, Osaki M, Takebe M, Shinano T, Wasaki J. Endogenous hormones and expression of senescence-related genes in different senescent types of maize. J Exp Bot, 2005, 56: 1117-1128
139 He Y, Fukushige H, Hildebrand D F, Gan S. Evidence supporting a role of jasmonic acid in Arabidopsis leaf senescence. Plant Physiol, 2002,128: 876-884
140 He Y, Tang W, Swain J D, Green A L, Jack T P, Gan S. Networking senescence-regulating pathways by using Arabidopsis enhancer trap lines. Plant Physiol, 2001, 126: 707-716
141 Hehn A, Rohde W. Characterization of cis-acting elements affecting strength and phloem specificity of the coconut foliar decay virus promoter. J Gen Virol, 1998, 79: 1495-1499
142 Helliwell C, Waterhouse P. Constructs and methods for high-throughput gene silencing in plants. Methods, 2003, 30: 289-295
143 Helliwell C A, Waterhouse P M. Constructs and methods for hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing in plants. Methods Enzymol, 2005, 392: 24-35
144 Hellmann H, Estelle M. Plant development: regulation by protein degradation. Science, 2002, 297: 793-797
145 Henikoff S. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene, 1984,28: 351-359
146 Hensel L L, Grbic V, Baumgarten D A, Bleecker A B. Developmental and age-related processes that influence the longevity and senescence of photosynthetic tissues in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 1993, 5: 553-564
147 Hibberd J M, Linley P J, Khan M S, Gray J C. Transient expression of green fluorescent protein in various plastid types following microprojectile bombardment. Plant J, 1998,16: 627-632
148 Hiei Y, Ohta S, Komari T, Kumashiro T. Efficient transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mediated by Agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the T-DNA. Plant J, 1994, 6: 271-282
149 Higashiyama T, Yabe S, Sasaki N, Nishimura Y, Miyagishima S, Kuroiwa H, Kuroiwa T. Pollen tube attraction by the synergid cell. Science, 2001, 293: 1480
150 Higo H, Kishimoto N, Saito A, Higo K. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a small GTP-binding protein related to mammalian ADP-ribosylation factor from rice. Plant Sci, 1994, 100:41-49
151 Hinderhofer K, and Zentgraf, U.. Identification of a transcription factor specifically expressed at the onset of leaf senescence. Planta, 2001, 213: 469-473
152 Hirose N, Takei K, Kuroha T, Kamada-Nobusada T, Hayashi H, Sakakibara H. Regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis, compartmentalization and translocation. J Exp Bot, 2008, 59: 75-83
153 Hoeberichts F A, van Doom W G, Vorst O, Hall R D, van Wordragen M F. Sucrose prevents up-regulation of senescence-associated genes in carnation petals. J Exp Bot, 2007, 58: 2873
154 Holk A, Rietz S, Zahn M, Quader H, Scherer G F E. Molecular identification of cytosolic, patatin-related phospholipases A from Arabidopsis with potential functions in plant signal transduction. Plant Physiol, 2002,130: 90-101
155 Hsieh H M, Liu W K, Huang P C. A novel stress-inducible metallothionein-like gene from rice. Plant Mol Biol, 1995, 28: 381-389
156 Hu H H, Dai M Q, Yao J L, Xiao B, Li X H, Zhang Q, Xiong L Z. Overexpressing a NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factor enhances drought resistance and salt tolerance in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006,103: 12987-12992
157 Hua H, Lu Q, Cai M, Xu C, Zhou D X, Li X, Zhang Q. Analysis of rice genes induced by striped stemborer (Chilo suppressalis) attack identified a promoter fragment highly specifically responsive to insect feeding. Plant Mol Biol, 2007, 65: 519-530
158 Hung K T, Kao C H. Nitric oxide counteracts the senescence of rice leaves induced by abscisic acid. Plant Physiol, 2003, 160: 871-879
159 Hutchison C E, Kieber J J. Cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2002, 14: S47-S59
160 Huynh L N, VanToai T, Streeter J, Banowetz G Regulation of flooding tolerance of SAG12: ipt Arabidopsis plants by cytokinin. J Exp Bot, 2005, 56: 1397-1407
161 Ichikawa T, Nakazawa M, Kawashima M, Iizumi H, Kuroda H, Kondou Y, Tsuhara Y, Suzuki K, Ishikawa A, Seki M. The FOX hunting system: an alternative gain-of-function gene hunting technique. Plant J, 2006, 48: 974-985
162 Imamura M, Nakai J, Inoue S, Quan G X, Kanda T, Tamura T. Targeted gene expression using the GAL4/UAS system in the silkworm bombyx mod. Genetics, 2003,165: 1329-1340
163 Ingrid B D, Joseph J K. Molecular mechanisms of cytokinin action. Plant Biol, 1999, 2: 359-364
164 Inoue T, Higuchi M, Hashimoto Y, Seki M, Kobayashi M, Kato T, Tabata S, Shinozaki K, Kakimoto T. Identification of CRE1 as a cytokinin receptor from Arabidopsis. Nature, 2001, 409: 1060-1063
165 Ishimaru K, Yano M, Aoki N, Ono K, Hirose T, Lin S Y, Monna L, Sasaki T, Ohsugi R. Toward the mapping of physiological and agronomic characters on a rice function map: QTL analysis and comparison between QTLs and expressed sequence tags. Theor Appl Genet, 2001, 102: 793-800
166 Ivashuta S, Imai R, Uchiyama K, Gau M. The coupling of differential display and AFLP approaches for nonradioactive mRNA fingerprinting. Mol Biotechnol, 1999,12: 137-141
167 Jackson M B. Ethylene-promoted elongation: an adaptation to submergence stress. Ann Bot, 2008, 101:229-248
168 Janska H. ATP-dependent proteases in plant mitochondria: What do we know about them today? Physiol Plantarum, 2005, 123: 399-405
169 Jefferson R A, Kavanagh T A, Bevan M W. GUS fusions: beta-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO J, 1987, 6: 3901-3907
170 Jia H, Van Loock B, Liao M, Verbelen J P, Vissenberg K. Combination of the ALCR/alcA ethanol switch and GAL4/VP16-UAS enhancer trap system enables spatial and temporal control of transgene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant Biotechnol J, 2007, 5: 477-482
171 Jiang C Z, Rodermel S R, Shibles R M. Photosynthesis, rubisco activity and amount, and their regulation by transcription in senescing soybean leaves. Plant Physiol, 1993,101: 105-112
172 Jiang G H, He Y Q, Xu C G, Li X H, Zhang Q. The genetic basis of stay-green in rice analyzed in a population of doubled haploid lines derived from an indica by japonica cross. Theor Appl Genet, 2004, 108: 688-698
173 Jiang H, Li M, Liang N, Yan H, Wei Y, Xu X, Liu J, Xu Z, Chen F, Wu G Molecular cloning and function analysis of the stay green gene in rice. Plant J, 2007,52: 197-209
174 John I, Drake R, Farrell A, Cooper W, Lee P, Horton P, Grierson D. Delayed leaf senescence in ethylene-deficient ACC-oxidase antisense tomato plants: Molecular and physiological analysis. Plant J, 1995,7:483-490
175 John I, Hackett R, Cooper W, Drake R, Farrell A, Grierson* D. Cloning and characterization of tomato leaf senescence-related cDNAs. Plant Mol Biol, 1997, 33:641-651
176 Johzuka-Hisatomi Y, Maekawa M, Takagi K, Eun C H, Yamauchi T, Shimatani Z, Ahmed N, Urawa H, Tsugane K, Terada R. Homologous recombination-dependent gene targeting and an active DNA transposon ndart-promoted gene tagging for rice functional genomics. 2008, 62: 81-94
177 Jones D H, Winistorfer S C. Recombinant circle PCR and recombination PCR for site-specific mutagenesis without PCR product purification. BioTechniques, 1992, 12: 528-535
178 Jones D H, Winistorfer S C. Amplification of 4-9kb human genomic DNA flanking a known site using a panhandle PCR variant. BioTechniques, 1997, 23: 132-138
179 Jones S W, Cai D, Weislow O S, Esmaeli-Azad B. Generation of multiple mRNA fingerprints using fluorescence-based differential display and an automated DNA sequencer. BioTechniques, 1997, 22: 536-543
180 Jongebloed U, Szederkyi J, Hartig K, Schobert C, Komor E. Sequence of morphological and physiological events during natural ageing of a castor bean leaf: sieve tube occlusions and carbohydrate back-up precede chlorophyll degradation. Physiol Plantarum, 2004,120: 338-346
181 Karkkainen U M, Kauppinen J, Ikaheimo R, Katila M L. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Escherichia coli strains: comparison of urinary and concomitant blood isolates of urosepsis patients. APMIS, 1996,104: 437-443
182 Kaser M, Langer T. Protein degradation in mitochondria. Semin Cell Dev Biol, 2000, 11: 181-190
183 Kawamoto S, Ohnishi T, Kita H, Chisaka O, Okubo K. Expression profiling by iAFLP: a PCR-based method for genome-wide gene expression profiling. Genome Res, 1999, 9: 1305-1312
184 Kehoe D M, Villand P, Somerville S. DNA microarrays for studies of higher plants and other photosynthetic organisms. Trends Plant Sci, 1999,4: 38-41
185 Keller B, Heierli D. Vascular expression of the grp1.8 promoter is controlled by three specific regulatory elements and one unspecific activating sequence. Plant Mol Biol, 1994, 26: 747-756
186 Ketelaar T, Allwood E G, Hussey P J. Actin organization and root hair development are disrupted by ethanol-induced overexpression of Arabidopsis actin interacting protein 1 (AIP1). New Phytol, 2007, 174: 57-62
187 Khodakovskaya M, McAvoy R, Peters J, Wu H, Li Y. Enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic tobacco expressing a chloroplast ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene under the control of a cold-inducible promoter. Planta, 2006, 223: 1090-1100
188 Kim C Y, Liu Y D, Thome E T, Yang H P, Fukushige H, Gassmann W, Hildebrand D, Sharp R E, Zhang S Q. Activation of a stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade induces the biosynthesis of ethylene in plants. Plant J, 2003,15: 2707-2718
189 Kim H J, Ryu H, Hong S H, Woo H R, Lim P O, Lee I C, Sheen J, Nam H G, Hwang I. Cytokinin-mediated control of leaf longevity by AHK3 through phosphorylation of ARR2 in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103: 814-819
190 Klbti A, Armstrong G A, Schledz M, von Lintig J, Potrykus I. Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, biosynthesis. Plant J, 1997,11: 1071-1078
191 Kong Z, Li M, Yang W, Xu W, Xue Y. A novel nuclear-localized CCCH-Type zinc finger protein, OsDOS, is involved in delaying leaf senescence in rice. Plant Physiol, 2006, 141:1376-1388
192 Koonin E V, Aravind L. Origin and evolution of eukaryotic apoptosis: the bacterial connection. Cell Death Differ, 2002,9: 394-404
193 Krens F A, Molendijk L, Wullems G J, Schilperoort R A. In vitro transformation of plant protoplasts with Ti-plasmid DNA. Nature, 1982, 296: 72-74
194 Kreps J A, Muramatsu T, Furuya M, Kay S A. Fluorescent differential display identifies circadian clock-regulated genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Rhythms, 2000, 15: 208-217
195 Kumar C S, Wing R A, Sundaresan V. Efficient insertional mutagenesis in rice using the maize. Plant J, 2005,44: 879-892
196 Kumpatla S P, Chandrasekharan M B, Iyer L M, Guofu L, Hall T C. Genome intruder scanning and modulation systems and transgene silencing. Trends Plant Sci, 1998, 3: 97-104
197 Kuo A, Cappelluti S, Cervantes-Cervantes M, Rodriguez M, Bush D S. Okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, blocks calcium changes, gene expression, and cell death induced by gibberellin in wheat aleurone cells. Plant Cell, 1996, 8: 259-269
198 Kusaba M, Ito H, Morita R, Iida S, Sato Y, Fujimoto M, Kawasaki S, Tanaka R, Hirochika H, Nishimura M. Rice NON-YELLOW COLORING1 is involved in light-harvesting complex II and grana degradation during leaf senescence. Plant Cell, 2007, 19: 1362-1375
199 Kwasniewski M, Szarejko I. Molecular Cloning and characterization of beta-expansin gene related to root hair formation in barley. Plant Physiol, 2006, 141: 1149-1158
200 Kyozuka J, McElroy D, Hayakawa T, Xie Y, Wu R, Shimamoto K. Light-regulated and cell-specific expression of tomato rbcS-gusA and rice rbcS-gusA fusion genes in transgenic rice. Plant Physiol, 1993,102: 991-1000
201 Lam E, Chua N H. ASF-2: a factor that binds to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a conserved GATA motif in Cab promoters. Plant Cell, 1989,1: 1147-1156
202 Lara M E B, Garcia M C G, Fatima T, Ehne R, Lee T K, Proels R, Tanner W, Roitsch T. Extracellular invertase is an essential component of cytokinin-mediated delay of senescence. Plant Cell, 2004, 16: 1276-1287
203 Lee H, Xiong L, Gong Z, Ishitani M, Stevenson B. The Arabidopsis HOS1 gene negatively regulates cold signal transduction and encodes a RING finger protein that displays cold-regulated nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning. Genes Dev, 2001a, 15: 912-924
204 Lee R H, Lin M C, Chen S C. A novel alkaline a-galactosidase gene is involved in rice leaf senescence. Plant Mol Biol, 2004,55: 281-295
205 Lee R H, Wang C H, Huang L T, Chen S C. Leaf senescence in rice plants: cloning and characterization of senescence up-regulated genes. J Exp Bot, 2001b, 52: 1117-1121
206 Leisner S M, Gelvin S B. Structure of the octopine synthase upstream activator sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1988, 85: 2553-2557
207 Lenhard M, Bohnert A, Jurgens G, Laux T. Termination of stem cell maintenance in Arabidopsis floral meristems by interactions between WUSCHEL and AGAMOUS. Cell, 2001, 105: 805-814
208 Lenhard M, Jurgens G,, Laux T. The WUSCHEL and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS genes fulfil complementary roles in Arabidopsis shoot meristem regulation.Development,2002,129:3195-3206
209 Leopold A C,Kawase M.Benzyladenine effects on bean leaf growth and senescence.Am J Bot,1964,51:294-298
210 Li L,Wang X,Stolc V,Li X,Zhang D,Su N,Tongprasit W,Li S,Cheng Z,Wang J.Genome-wide transcription analyses in rice using tiling microarrays.Nat Genet,2006,38:124-129
211 Li Q,Robson P R H,Bettany A J E,Donnison I S,Thomas H,Scott I M.Modification of senescence in ryegrass transformed with IPT under the control of a monocot senescence-enhanced promoter.Plant Cell Reports,2004,22:816-821
212 Li X,Qian Q,Fu Z,Wang Y,Xiong G,Zeng D,Wang X,Liu X,Teng S,Hiroshi F.Control of tillering in rice.Nature,2003,422:618-621
213 Li Y,Hagen G,Guilfoyle T J.Altered morphology in transgenic tobacco plants that overproduce cytokinins in specific tissues and organs.Dev Biol,1992,153:386-395
214 Li Y,Uhm T,Ren C,Wu C,Santos T S,Lee M K,Yan B,Santos F,Zhang A,Scheuring C.A plant-transformation-competent BIBAC/BAC-based map of rice for functional analysis and genetic engineering of its genomic sequence.Genome,2007,50:278-288
215 Liang D,Wu C,Li C,Xu C,Zhang J,Kilian A,Li X,Zhang Q,Xiong L.Establishment of a patterned GAL4-VP16 transactivation system for discovering gene function in rice.Plant J,2006,46:1059-1072
216 Liang P,Bauer D,Averboukh L,Warthoe P,Rohrwild M,Muller H,Strauss M,Pardee A B.Analysis of altered gene expression by differential display.Methods Enzymol,1995,254:304-321
217 Liang P,Pardee A B.Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction.Science,1992,257:967-971
218 Liao Y,Zhang J S,Chen S Y,Zhang W K.Role of Soybean GmbZIP132 under Abscisic Acid and Salt Stresses.J Integrative Plant Biol,2008,50:221-230
219 Lim P O,Kim H J,Nam H G.Leaf senescence.Annu Rev Plant Biol,2007,58:115-136
220 Lim P O,Woo H R,Nam H G.Molecular genetics of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.Trends Plant Sci,2003,8:272-278
221 Lin J F,Wu S H.Molecular events in senescing Arabidopsis leaves.Plant J,2004,39:612-628
222 Lin Y J,Cao M L,Xu C G,Chen H,Wei J,Zhang Q F.Cultivating rice with delaying leafsenescence by PSAG12-ipt gene transformation.Acta Bot Sin,2002a,44:1333-1338
223 Lin Y J,Chen H,Cao Y L,Wu C Y,Wen J,Li Y F,Hua H X.Establishment of high-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system of Mudanjiang 8.Acta Agron Sinica,2002b,28:294-300
224 Lindsay W P,McAlister F M,Zhu Q,He X Z,Droge-Laser W,Hedrick S,Doerner P,Lamb C,Dixon R A.KAP-2,a protein that binds to the H-box in a bean chalcone synthase promoter,is a novel plant transcription factor with sequence identity to the large subunit of human Ku autoantigen.Plant Mol Biol,2002,49:503-514
225 Lindsey K,Wei W,Clarke M C,McArdle H F,Rooke L M,Topping J F.Tagging genomic sequences that direct transgene expression by activation of a promoter trap in plants.Transgenic Res,1993,2:33-47
226 Liu Y G,Whittier R F.Thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR:automatable amplification and sequencing of insert end fragments from P1 and YAC clones for chromosome walking.Genomics,1995,25:674-681
227 Loake G J,Faktor O,Lamb C J,Dixon R A.Combination of H-box[CCTACC(N) 7CT]and G-box(CACGTG) cis elements is necessary for feed-forward stimulation of a chalcone synthase promoter by the phenylpropanoid-pathway intermediate p-coumaric acid.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1992,89:9230-9234
228 Lohman K,Gan S,John M,Amasino R.Molecular analysis of natural leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant Physiol,1994,92 322-328
229 Loven K,Beinsberger S E I,Valcke R L M,Van Onckelen H A,Clijsters H M M.Morphometric Analysis of the Growth of P hsp70-ipt Transgenic Tobacco Plants.J Exp Bot,1993,44:1671-1678
230 Luan W J,He C,Hu G,Dey M,Fu Y,Si H,Zhu L,Liu W,Duan F,Zhang H.An efficient field screening procedure for identifying transposants for constructing an Ac/Ds-based insertional-mutant library of rice. Genome, 2008, 51: 41-49
231 Luo Z, Wu R. A simple method for the transformation of rice via the pollen-tube pathway. Plant Mol Biol Rep, 1989, 7: 69-77
232 Mae T. Physiological nitrogen efficiency in rice: nitrogen utilization, photosynthesis, and yield potential. Plant Soil, 1997, 196: 201-210
233 Malgorzata G, Barbara Z. Multifunctional role of plant cysteine proteinases. Acta Biochim Pol, 2004,51:609-624
234 Maple J, Moller S G Mutagenesis in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol, 2007, 362: 197-206
235 Mariani C, Beuckeleer M D, Truettner J, Leemans J, Goldberg R B. Induction of male sterility in plants by a chimaeric ribonuclease gene. Nature, 1990, 347: 737-741
236 Mariani C, Gossele V, de Beuckeleer M, de Block M, Goldberg R B, de Greef W, Leemans J. A chimaeric ribonuclease-inhibitor gene restores fertility to male sterile plants. Nature, 1992, 357: 384-387
237 Martinez A, Sparks C, Hart C A, Thompson J, Jepson I. Technical Advance Ecdysone agonist inducible transcription in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant J, 1999, 19: 97-106
238 Masclaux C, Valadier M H, Brugiere N, Morot-Gaudry J F, Hirel B. Characterization of the sink/source transition in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) shoots in relation to nitrogen management and leaf senescence. Planta, 2000, 211: 510-518
239 Matarasso N, Schuster S, Avni A. A novel plant cysteine protease has a dual function as a regulator of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene expression. Plant Cell, 2005, 17: 1205-1216
240 Matsumura H, Nirasawa S, Terauchi R. Technical advance: transcript profiling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Plant J, 1999, 20: 719-726
241 Matsuoka M. Classification and characterization of cDNA that encodes the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem II from rice. Plant Cell Physiol, 1990, 31: 519-526
242 Matthews R. Disease symptoms and effects on metabolism. Plant Virol, 1991, 380-422
243 Matz M, Shagin D, Bogdanova E, Britanova O, Lukyanov S, Diatchenko L, Chenchik A, Journals O. Amplification of cDNA ends based on template-switching effect and step-out PCR. Nucleic Acids Res, 1999, 27: 1558-1560
244 McCabe M S, Gamut L C, Schepers F, Jordi W, Stoopen G M, Davelaar E, van Rhijn J H A, Power J B, Davey M R. Effects of P_(SAG12)-IPT gene expression on development and senescence in transgenic lettuce. Plant Physiol, 2001,127: 505-516
245 Mcelroy D, Zhang W, Cao J, Wu R. Isolation of an efficient actin promoter for use in rice transformation. Plant Cell, 1990, 2: 163-171
246 McKenzie M J, Mett V, Reynolds P H S, Jameson P E. Controlled cytokinin production in transgenic tobacco using a copper-inducible promoter. Plant Physiol, 1998,116: 969-977
247 Mei C, Qi M, Sheng G, Yang Y. Inducible overexpression of a rice allene oxide synthase gene increases the endogenous jasmonic acid level, PR gene expression, and host resistance to fungal infection. Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 2006, 19: 1127-1137
248 Melegari M, Scaglioni P P, Wands J R. Cloning and characterization of a novel hepatitis B virus x binding protein that inhibits viral replication. J Virol, 1998, 72: 1737-1743
249 Mhiri C, Morel J B, Vernhettes S, Casacuberta J M, Lucas H, Grandbastien M A. The promoter of the tobacco Tnt1 retrotransposon is induced by wounding and by abiotic stress. Plant Mol Biol 1997, 33: 257-266
250 Miao Y, Laun T, Zimmermann P, Zentgraf U. Targets of the WRKY53 transcription factor and its role during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol, 2004, 55: 853-867
251 Miao Y, Zentgraf U. The antagonist function of Arabidopsis WRKY53 and ESR/ESP in leaf senescence is modulated by the jasmonic and salicylic acid equilibrium. Plant Cell, 2007, 19: 819-830
252 Miyao M, Fukayama H. Metabolic consequences of overproduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in C3 plants. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2003, 414: 197-203
253 Mok D W, Mok M C. Cytokinin metabolism and action. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 2001,52:89-118
254 Moore B, Zhou L, Rolland F, Hall Q, Cheng W H, Liu Y X, Hwang I, Jones T, Sheen J. Role of the Arabidopsis glucose sensor HXK1 in nutrient, light, and hormonal signaling. Science, 2003, 300: 332-336
255 Moore D, Wu J H, Kathir P, Hamilton C M, Ippen-Ihler K. Analysis of transfer genes and gene products within the traB-traC region of the Escherichia coli fertility factor, F. J Bacteriol, 1987, 169: 3994-4002
256 Moore I, Galweiler L, Grosskopf D, Schell J, Palme K. A transcription activation system for regulated gene expression in transgenic plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1998,95: 376-381
257 Morris K, Mackerness S, page T, murphy A. salicylic acid has a role in regulating gene expression during senescence. Plant J, 2000, 23: 677-685
258 Mur L A J, Sturgess F J, Farrell G G, Draper J. The AoPR 10 promoter and certain endogenous PR 10 genes respond to oxidative signals in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant Pathol, 2004,5:435-451
259 Murchie E H, Chen Y Z, Hubbart S, Peng S, Horton P. Interactions between senescence and leaf orientation determine in situ patterns of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice. Plant Physiol, 1999, 119: 553-563
260 Nakamura H, Hakata M, Amano K, Miyao A, Toki N, Kajikawa M, Pang J, Higashi N, Ando S, Toki S. A genome-wide gain-of-function analysis of rice genes using the FOX-hunting system. Plant Mol Biol, 2007, 65: 357-371
261 Nakamura I, Koike K. Identification of a binding protein to the X gene promoter region of hepatitis B virus. Virology, 1992,191: 533-540
262 Nakano A, Suzuki G, Yamamoto M, Turnbull K, Rahman S, Mukai Y. Rearrangements of large-insert T-DNAs in transgenic rice. Mol Genet Genomics, 2005,273:123-129
263 Nam H G The molecular genetic analysis of leaf senescence. Cunr Opin Biotechnol, 1997, 8: 200-207
264 Nicholson L, Singh G K, Osterwalder T, Roman G W, Davis R L, Keshishian H. Spatial and temporal control of gene expression in drosophila using the inducible gene switch GAM system. I. Screen for Larval Nervous System Drivers. Genetics, 2008,178: 215-234
265 Nilsson O, Little C H A, Sandberg G, Olsson O. Expression of two heterologous promoters, Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC and cauliflower mosaic virus 35S, in the stem of transgenic hybrid aspen plants during the annual cycle of growth and dormancy. Plant Mol Biol, 1996, 31: 887-895
266 Nishihara M, Nakatsuka T, Abe Y, Hirano H, Kikuchi A, Yamamura S. Consistent transcriptional silencing of 35S-driven transgenes in gentian. Plant J, 2005, 44: 541-556
267 Noh Y S, Amasino R M. Identification of a promoter region responsible for the senescence-specific expression of SAG12. Plant Mol Biol, 1999,41: 181-194
268 Noji H, Yoshida M. The rotary machine in the cell, ATP synthase. J Biol Chem, 2001, 19: 1665-1668
269 Nonaka SYK, Takada K, Sugaware M, Minamisawa K, Ezura H. Ethylene production in plants during transformation suppresses vir gene expression in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. New Phytol, 2008, [Epub ahead of print]
270 Nonhoff U, Raiser M, Welzel F, Piccini I, Balzereit D, Yaspo M L, Lehrach H, Krobitsch S. Ataxin-2 Interacts with the DEAD/H-Box RNA Helicase DDX6 and Interferes with P-Bodies and Stress Granules. Mol Biol Cell, 2007,18: 1385 -1396
271 Nooden L D, Guiamet J J, John I. Senescence mechanisms. Physiol Plantarum, 1997, 101: 746-753
272 Nooden L D, Leopold A C. Hormonal control of senescence and abscission. In: Letham D S, Higgins T J, Goodwin P B eds., Phytohormones and related compounds. 1978, 329-369
273 Nooden L D, Singh S, Letham D S. Correlation of xylem sap cytokinin levels with monocarpic senescence in soybean. Plant Physiol, 1990,93: 33-39
274 O'Brien J A, Lummis S C. Diolistics: incorporating fluorescent dyes into biological samples using a gene gun. Trends Biotechnol, 2007, 25: 530-534
275 Oeller PW, LuMW, Taylor L P, Pike D A, Theologis A. Reversible inhibition of tomato fruit senescence by antisense RNA. Science, 1991,254:437-439
276 Oh S A, Lee S Y, Chung I K, Lee C H, Nam H G senescence-associated gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is distinctively regulated during natural and artificially induced leaf senescence Plant Mol Biol, 1996, 30: 739-754
277 Ono K, Nishi Y, Watanabe A, Terashima I. Possible mechanisms of adaptive leaf senescence. Plant Biol, 2001, 3: 234-243
278 Ono K, Terashima I, Watanabe A. Interaction between nitrogen deficit of a plant and nitrogen content in the old leaves. Plant Cell Physiol, 2008, 37:1083-1089
279 Ori N, Juarez M T, Jackson D, Yamaguchi J, Banowetz G M, Hake S. Leaf senescence is delayed in tobacco plants expressing the maize homeobox gene knotted1 under the control of a senescence-activated promoter. Plant Cell, 1999,11: 1073-1080
280 Otegui M S, Noh Y S, Martinez D E, Vila Petroff M G, Andrew Staehelin L, Amasino R M, Guiamet J J. Senescence-associated vacuoles with intense proteolytic activity develop in leaves of Arabidopsis and soybean. Plant J, 2005,41: 831-844
281 Park K Y, Drory A, Woodson W R. Molecular cloning of an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase from senescing carnation flower petals. Plant Mol Biol, 1992, 18: 377-386
282 Park S Y, Yu J W, Park J S, Li J, Yoo S C, Lee N Y, Lee S K, Jeong S W, Seo H S, Koh H J. The senescence-induced staygreen protein regulates chlorophyll degradation. Plant Cell, 2007, 19: 1649-1664
283 Phelps C B, Brand A H. Ectopic gene expression in Drosophila using GAM system. Methods, 1998, 14: 367-379
284 Picton S, Barton S L, Bouzayen M, Hamilton A J, Grierson D. Altered fruit ripening and leaf senescence in tomatoes expressing an antisense ethylene-forming enzyme transgene. Plant J, 1993, 3: 469-481
285 Pogson B J, Downs C G, Davies K M. Differential expression of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase genes in broccoli after harvest. Plant Physiol, 1995, 108:651-657
286 Pontier D, Gan S, Amasino R M, Roby D, Lam E. Markers for hypersensitive response and senescence show distinct patterns of expression. Plant Mol Biol, 1999, 39: 1243-1255
287 Potrykus I. Golden Rice and Beyond. Plant Physiol, 2001, 125: 1157-1161
288 Pourtau N, Jennings R, Pelzer E, Pallas J, Wingler A. Effect of sugar-induced senescence on gene expression and implications for the regulation of senescence in Arabidopsis. Planta, 2006, 224: 556-568
289 Prashar Y, Weissman S M. Analysis of differential gene expression by display of 3' End restriction fragments of cDNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93: 659-663
290 Quirino B F, Noh Y S, Himelblau E, Amasino R M. Molecular aspects of leaf senescence. Trends Plant Sci, 2000, 5: 278-282
291 Quirino B F, Reiter W D, Amasino R D. One of two tandem Arabidopsis genes homologous to monosaccharide transporters is senescence-associated. Plant Mol Biol, 2001, 46: 447-457
292 Rampino P, Spano G, Pataleo S, Mita G, Napier J A, Di Fonzo N, Shewry P R, Perrotta C. Molecular analysis of a durum wheat stay green mutant: expression pattern of photosynthesis-related genes. J Cereal Sci, 2006, 43: 160-168
293 Rasco-Gaunt S, Riley A, Cannell M, Barcelo P, Lazzeri P A. Procedures allowing the transformation of a range of European elite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties via particle bombardment. J Exp Bot, 2001, 52: 865-874
294 Ray S, Mondal W A, Choudhuri M A. Regulation of leaf senescence, grain-filling and yield of rice by kinetin and abscisic acid. Physiol Plantarum, 1983, 59: 343-346
295 Rebrikov D V, Britanova O V, Gurskaya N G, Lukyanov K A, Tarabykin V S, Lukyanov S A, Journals O. Mirror orientation selection (MOS): a method for eliminating false positive clones from libraries generated by suppression subtractive hybridization. Nucleic Acids Res, 2000, 28: e90
296 Reyes J C, Muro-Pastor M I, Florencio F J. The GATA family of transcription factors in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Physiol, 2004, 134: 1718-1732
297 Riefler M, Novak O, Strnad M, Schmulling T. Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor mutants reveal functions in shoot growth, leaf senescence, seed size, germination, root development, and cytokinin metabolism. Plant Cell, 2006, 18:40-54
298 Riou-Khamlichi C, Huntley R, Jacqmard A, Murray J A H. Cytokinin activation of Arabidopsis cell division through a D-type Cyclin. Science, 1999, 283: 1541-1544
299 Robatzek S, Somssich I E. A new member of the Arabidopsis WRKY transcription factor family, AtWRKY6, is associated with both senescence- and defence-related processes. Plant J, 2001, 28: 123-133
300 Robatzek S, Somssich I E. Targets of At WRKY6 regulation during plant senescence and pathogen defense. Genes Dev, 2002,16: 1139-1149
301 Roberts G R, Garoosi G A, Koroleva O, Ito M, Laufs P, Leader D J, Caddick M X, Doonan J H, Tomsett A B. The alc-GR System. A modified alc gene switch designed for use in plant tissue culture. Plant Physiol, 2005,138: 1259-1267
302 Robson P R H,Donnison I S,Wang K,Frame B,Pegg S E,Thomas A,Thomas H.Leaf senescence is delayed in maize expressing the Agrobacterium IPT gene under the control of a novel maize senescence-enhanced promoter.Plant Biotechnol J,2004,2:101-112
303 Rogers S O,Bendich A J.Extraction of DNA from milligram amounts of fresh,herbarium and mummified plant tissues.Plant Mol Biol,1985,5:69-76
304 Roitsch T,Ehne R.Regulation of source/sink relations by cytokinins.Plant Growth Regul,2000,32:359-367
305 Rojo E,Martin R,Carter C,Zouhar J,Pan S,Plotnikova J,Jin H,Paneque M,Sanchez-Serrano J J,Baker B.VPE gamma exhibits a caspase-like activity that contributes to defense against pathogens.Curr Biol,2004,14:1897-1906
306 Rosenow D T,Quisenberry J E,Wendt C W,Clark L E.Drought-tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm.Agric Water Manage,1983,7:207-222
307 Rotari V I,He R,Gallois P.Death by proteases in plants:whodunit.Physiol Piantarum,2005,123:376-385
308 Ryu C H,You J H,Kang H G,Hur J,Kim Y H,Han M J,An K,Chung B C,Lee C H,An G.Generation of T-DNA tagging lines with a bidirectional gene trap vector and the establishment of an insertion-site database.Plant Mol Biol,2004,54:489-502
309 Sa G,Mi M,He-chun Y,Ben-ye L,Guo-feng L,Kang C.Effects of ipt gene expression on the physiological and chemical characteristics of Artemisia annua L.Plant Sci,2001,160:691-698
310 Sabatini S,Beis D,Wolkenfelt H,Murfett J,Guilfoyle T,Malamy J,Benfey P,Leyser O,Bechtold N,Weisbeek P.An auxin-dependent distal organizer of pattern and polarity in the Arabidopsis root.Cell,2003,5:824-826
311 Saha P,Chakraborti D,Sarkar A,Dutta I,Basu D,Das S.Characterization of vascular-specific RSs1 and rolC promoters for their utilization in engineering plants to develop resistance against hemipteran insect pests.Planta,2007,226:429-442
312 Sakakibara H.Cytokinins:activity,biosynthesis,and translocation.Annu Rev Plant Biol,2006,57:431-449
313 Sakakibara H,Kasahara H,Ueda N,Kojima M,Takei K,Hishiyama S,Asami T,Okada K,Kamiya Y,Yamaya T.Agrobacterium tumefaciens increases cytokinin production in plastids by modifying the biosynthetic pathway in the host plant.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2005,102:9972
314 Sallaud C,Gay C,Larmande P,Bes M,Piffanelli P,Piegu B,Droc G,Regad F,Bourgeois E,Meynard D.Technical advance high throughput T-DNA insertion mutagenesis in rice:a first step towards in silico reverse genetics.Plant J,2004,39:450-464
315 Sambrook J,Fritsch E F,Maniatis T.Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual(ed.).Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1989,
316 Samuelson M E,Larsson C M.Nitrate regulation of zeatin riboside levels in barley roots:effects of inhibitors of N assimilation and comparison with ammonium.Plant Sci,1993,93:77-84
317 Sandhu J S,Krasnyanski S F,Domier L L,Korban S S,Osadjan M D,Buetow D E.Oral immunization of mice with transgenic tomato fruit expressing respiratory syncytial virus-F protein induces a systemic immune response.2000,9:127-135
318 Sanford J C,Smith F D,Russell J A.Optimizing the biolistic process for different biological applications.Methods Enzymol,1993,217:483-509
319 Sariban E,Luebbers R,Kufe D.Transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of c-fos gene expression in human monocytes.Mol Cell Biol,1988,8:340-346
320 Sarkar D,Kang D C,Fisher P B.Reciprocal subtraction differential RNA display(RSDD):an efficient technology for cloning differentially expressed genes.Methods Mol Biol,2007,383:1-14
321 Sato Y,Morita R,Nishimura M,Yamaguchi H,Kusaba M.Mendel's green cotyledon gene encodes a positive regulator of the chlorophyll-degrading pathway.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104:14169-14174
322 Schittenhelm S,Menge-Hartmann U,Oldenburg E.Photosynthesis,carbohydrate metabolism,and yield of phytochrome-B-overexpressing potatoes under different light regimes.Crop Sci,2004,44:131-143
323 Schmid M,Simpson D,Gietl C.Programmed cell death in castor bean endosperm is associated with the accumulation and release of a cysteine endopeptidase from ricinosomes.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1999,96:14159-14164
324 Schoof H,Lenhard M,Haecker A,Mayer K F X,Jurgens G,Laux T.The stem cell population of Arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the CLAVATA and WUSCHEL genes. Cell, 2000, 100: 635-644
325 Schruff M C, Spielman M, Tiwari S, Adams S, Fenby N, Scott R J. The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 gene of Arabidopsis links auxin signalling, cell division, and the size of seeds and other organs. Development, 2006, 133: 251-261
326 Settles A M, Holding D R, Tan B C, Latshaw S P, Liu J, Suzuki M, Li L, O'Brien B A, Fajardo D S, Wroclawska E. Sequence-indexed mutations in maize using the UniformMu transposon-tagging population. BMC Genomics, 2007, 8: 116
327 Shen G, Pang Y, Lin C, Wei C, Qian X, Jiang L, Du X, Li K, Attia K, Yang J. Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Hsp100/Clp Gene (osClpD) from Oryza sativa. DNA Seq, 2003, 14: 285-293
328 Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2000, 3: 217-223
329 Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Seki M. Regulatory network of gene expression in the drought and cold stress responses. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2003, 6:410-417
330 Shyamala V, Ames G F L. Amplification of bacterial genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing after asymmetric amplification: application to the study of periplasmic permeases. J Bacteriol, 1989,171: 1602-1608
331 Singh K B, Foley R C, Onate-Sanchez L. Transcription factors in plant defense and stress responses. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2002, 5:430-436
332 Smale S T, Kadonaga J T. The RNA polymerase II core promoter. Annu Rev Biochem, 2003, 72: 449-479
333 Smart C M. Tansley Review No. 64. Gene expression during leaf senescence. New Phytol, 1994, 126:419-448
334 Smigocki A, Neal J W, McCanna I, Douglass L. Cytokinin-mediated insect resistance in Nicotiana plants transformed with the ipt gene. Plant Mol Biol, 1993, 23: 325-335.
335 Smigocki A C. Cytokinin content and tissue distribution in plants transformed by a reconstructed isopentenyl transferase gene. Plant Mol Biol, 1991,16: 105-115
336 Sohal A K, Pallas J A, Jenkins G I. The promoter of a Brassica napus lipid transfer protein gene is active in a range of tissues and stimulated by light and viral infection in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol, 1999,41: 75-87
337 Spano G Di Fonzo N, Perrotta C, Platani C, Ronga G Lawlor D W, Napier J A, Shewry P R. Physiological characterization of 'stay green' mutants in durum wheat. J Exp Bot, 2003, 54: 1415-1420
338 Squires J, Stephens J, Schoelz J E, Palukaitis P. Assessment of CaMV-mediated gene silencing and integration of CaMV into GM plants with a 35S RNA promoter. Environ Biosafety Res, 2007. 6: 259-270
339 Stadler L J. Chromosome number and the mutation rate in avena and triticum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1929,15: 876-881
340 Stessman D, Miller A, Spalding M, Rodermel S. Regulation of photosynthesis during Arabidopsis leaf development in continuous light. Photosynth Res, 2002, 72: 27-37
341 Subudhi P K, Rosenow D T, Nguyen H T. Quantitative trait loci for the stay green trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench): consistency across genetic backgrounds and environments. Theor Appl Genet, 2000, 101: 733-741
342 Sun T, Gubler F. Molecular mechanism of gibberellin signaling in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2004,55: 197-223
343 Surpin M, Zheng H, Morita M T, Saito C, Avila E, Blakeslee JJ, Bandyopadhyay A, Kovaleva V, Carter D, Murphy A. The VTI family of SNARE proteins is necessary for plant viability and mediates different protein transport pathways. Plant Cell, 2003, 15: 2885-2899
344 Takahashi Y, Berberich T, Yamashita K, Uehara Y, Miyazaki A, Kusano T. Identification of tobacco HIN1 and two closely related genes as spermine-responsive genes and their differential expression during the tobacco mosaic virus-induced hypersensitive response and during leaf-and flower-senescence. Plant Mol Biol, 2004, 54: 613-622
345 Takei K, Sakakibara H, Taniguchi M, Sugiyama T. Nitrogen-Dependent Accumulation of cytokinins in root and the translocation to leaf: implication of cytokinin species that induces gene expression of maize response regulator. Plant Cell Physiol, 2001,42: 85-93
346 Tang G,Reinhart B J,Bartei D P,Zamore P D.A biochemical framework for RNA silencing in plants.Genes Dev,2003,17:49-63
347 Tao Y Z,Henzell R G,Jordan D R,Butler D G,Kelly A M,Mclntyre C L.Identification of genomic regions associated with stay green in sorghum by testing RILs in multiple environments.Theor Appl Genet,2000,100:1225-1232
348 Tavva V S,Dinkins R D,Palli S R,Collins G B.Technical advance development of a methoxyfenozide-responsive gene switch for applications in plants.Plant J,2006,45:457-469
349 Taylor J E,Renwick K F,Webb A A,McAinsh M R,Furini A,Bartels D,Quatrano R S,Marcotte Jr W R,Hetherington A M.ABA-regulated promoter activity in stomatal guard cells.Plant J,1995,7:129-134
350 Teakle G R,Manfield I W,Graham J F,Gilmartin P M.Arabidopsis thaliana GATA factors:organisation,expression and DNA-binding characteristics.Plant Mol Biol,2002,50:43-56
351 Teramoto H,Toyama T,Takeba G,Tsuji H.Changes in expression of two cytokinin-repressed genes,CR9 and CR20,in relation to aging,greening and wounding in cucumber.Planta,1995,196:387-395
352 Terzaghi W B,Cashmore A R.Light-regulated transcription.Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1995,46:445-474
353 Thomas H,de Villiers L.Gene expression in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana induced to senesce by nutrient deprivation.J Exp Bot,1996,47:1845-1852
354 Thomas H,Howarth C J.Five ways to stay green.J Exp Bot,2000,51:329-337
355 Thomas H,Morgan W G,Thomas A M,Ougham H J.Expression of the stay-green character introgressed into Lolium temulentum Ceres from a senescence mutant of Festuca pratensis.Theor Appl Genet,1999,99:92-99
356 Thomas H,Smart C M.Crops that stay green.Ann Appl Biol,1993,123:193-129
357 Tittarelli A,Milla L,Vargas F,Morales A,Neupert C,Meisel L A,Salvo-G H,Penaloza E,Munoz G,Corcuera L J.Isolation and comparative analysis of the wheat TaPT2 promoter:Identification in silico of new putative regulatory motifs conserved between monocots and dicots.J Exp Bot,2007,58:2573-2582
358 To J P C,Haberer G,Ferreira F J,Deruere J,Mason M G,Schaller G E,Alonso J M,Ecker J R,Kieber J J.Type-A Arabidopsis response regulators are partially redundant negative regulators of cytokinin signaling online version contains web-only data.Plant Cell,2004,16:658-671
359 Toki S,Hara N,Ono K,Onodera H,Tagiri A,Oka S,Tanaka H.Early infection of scutellum tissue with Agrobacterium allows high-speed transformation of rice.Plant J,2006,47:969-976
360 Tran L S P,Nakashima K,Sakuma Y,Simpson S D,Fujita Y,Maruyama K,Fujita M,Seki M,Shinozaki K,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K.Isolation and functional analysis of Arabidopsis stress-inducible NAC transcription factors that bind to a drought-responsive cis-element in the early responsive to dehydration stress 1 promoter.Plant Cell,2004,16:2481-2498
361 Triglia T,Peterson M G,Kemp D J.A procedure for in vitro amplification of DNA segments that lie outside the boundaries of known sequences.Nucleic Acids Res,1988,16:8186
362 Tucker M L,Whitelaw C A,Lyssenko N N,Nath P.Functional analysis of regulatory elements in the gene promoter for an abscission-specific cellulase from bean and isolation,expression,and binding affinity of three TGA-type basic leucine zipper transcription factors.Plant Physiol,2002,130:1487-1496
363 Uauy C,Disteifeld A,Fahima T,Blechl A,Dubeovsky J.A NAC gene regulating senescence improves grain protein,zinc,and iron content in wheat.Science,2006,314:1298-1301
364 Ueguchi C,Koizumi H,Suzuki T,Mizuno T.Novel family of sensor histidine kinase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant Cell Physiol,2001,42:231-235
365 Urao T,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Urao S,Shinozaki K.An Arabidopsis myb homolog is induced by dehydration stress and its gene product binds to the conserved MYB recognition sequence.Plant Cell,1993,5:1529-1539
366 van der Biezen E A,Brandwagt B F,van Leeuwen W,John H,Nijkamp J,Hille J.Identification and isolation of the FEEBLY gene from tomato by transposon tagging.Mol Genet Genomics,1996,251:267-280
367 van der Graaff E,Schwacke R,Schneider A,Desimone M,Flugge U I,Kunze R.Transcription analysis of Arabidopsis membrane transporters and hormone pathways during developmental and induced leaf senescence.Plant Physiol,2006,141:776-792
368 van Doorn W G,Woltering E J.Many ways to exit? Cell death categories in plants.Trends Plant Sci, 2005, 10: 117-122
369 van Doom W G, Woltering E J. Physiology and molecular biology of petal senescence. J Exp Bot on line, 2008,
370 van L K, Beinsberger S E I, Valcke R L M, Van Onckelen H A, Clijsters H M M. Morphometric analysis of the gowth of Phsp70-ipt transgenic tobacco plants. J Exp Bot, 1993, 44: 1671 -1678
371 van Loon L C, Geraats B P J, Linthorst H J M. Ethylene as a modulator of disease resistance in plants. Trends Plant Sci, 2006,11: 184-191
372 Vaucheret H. Post-transcriptional small RNA pathways in plants: mechanisms and regulations. Genes Dev, 2006, 20: 759-771
373 Vaughan S P, James D J, Lindsey K, Massiah A J. Characterization of FaRB7, a near root-specific gene from strawberry (Fragariaxananassa Duch.) and promoter activity analysis in homologous and heterologous hosts. J Exp Bot, 2006, 57: 3901
374 Velculescu V E, Zhang L, Vogelstein B, Kinzler K W. Serial analysis of gene expression. Science, 1995, 270: 368-369
375 Verelst W, Saedler H, Munster T. MIKC* MADS-protein complexes bind motifs enriched in the proximal region of late pollen-specific Arabidopsis promoters. Plant Physiol, 2007, 143: 447-460
376 Vida T A. In vitro reconstitution of intercompartmental protein transport to the yeast vacuole. J Cell Biol, 1990,111:2871-2884
377 Vierstra R D. Proteolysis in plants: mechanisms and functions. Plant Mol Biol, 1996, 32: 275-302
378 Vigneault F, Guerin S L. Regulation of gene expression: probing DNA-protein interactions in vivo and in vitro. 2005, 2: 705-718
379 Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, Van De Lee T, Homes M, Frijters A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kuiper M. AFLP: A new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res, 1995, 23: 4407-4414
380 Wang H J, Wan A R, Hsu C M, Lee K W, Yu S M, Jauh G Y. Transcriptomic adaptations in rice suspension cells under sucrose starvation. Plant Mol Biol, 2007a, 63: 441-463
381 Wang P, Duan W, Takabayashi A, Endo T, Shikanai T, Ye J Y, Mi H. Chloroplastic NAD (P) H Dehydrogenase in Tobacco Leaves Functions in Alleviation of Oxidative Damage Caused by Temperature Stress. Plant Physiol, 2006,141: 465-474
382 Wang T W, Zhang CG, Wu W, Nowack L M, Madey E, Thompson J E. Antisense suppression of deoxyhypusine synthase in tomato delays fruit softening and alters growth and development. Plant Physiol, 2005,138: 1372-1382
383 Wang X, Shi G, Xu Q, Hu J. Exogenous polyamines enhance copper tolerance of Nymphoides peltatum. J Plant Physiol, 2007b, 164: 1062-1070
384 Wang Y Q, Chen D J, Wang D M, Huang Q S, Yao Z P, Liu F J, Wei X W, Li R J, Zhang Z N, Sun Y R. Over-expression of Gastrodia anti-fungal protein enhances Verticillium wilt resistance in coloured cotton. Plant Breed, 2004, 123:454-459
385 Watanabe H, Abe K, Emori Y, Hosoyama H, Arai S. Molecular cloning and gibberellin-induced expression of multiple cysteine proteinases of rice seeds (oryzains). J Biol Chem, 1991, 266: 16897-16902
386 Weiss B. Endonuclease II of Escherichia coli is exonuclease III. J Biol Chem, 1976, 251: 1896-1901
387 Werner T, Kollmer I, Bartrina I, Hoist K, Schmulling T. New insights into the biology of cytokinin degradation. Plant Biol, 2006, 8: 371-381
388 Werner T, Motyka V, Laucou V, Smets R, Van Onckelen H, Schmuling T. Cytokinin-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of shoot and root meristem activity. Plant Cell, 2003, 15: 2532-2550
389 Wingler A, Mares M, Pourtau N. Spatial patterns and metabolic regulation of photosynthetic parameters during leaf senescence. New Phytol, 2004, 161: 781-789
390 Wingler A, Purdy S, MacLean J A, Pourtau N. The role of sugars in integrating environmental signals during the regulation of leaf senescence. J Exp Bot, 2006, 57: 391-399
391 Wingler A, von Schaewen A, Leegood R C, Lea P J, Quick W P. Regulation of leaf senescence by cytokinin, sugars, and light Plant Physiol, 1998, 116: 329-335
392 Winicov I, Valliyodan B, Xue L, Hoober J K. The MsPRP2 promoter enables strong heterologous gene expression in a root-specific manner and is enhanced by overexpression of Alfin 1. Planta, 2004,219:925-935
393 Woltering E J,van der Bent A,Hoeberichts F A.Do plant caspases exist? Plant Physiol,2002,130:1764-1769
394 Woo H R,Goh C H,Park J H,de la Serve B T,Kim J H,Park Y I,Nam H G.Extended leaf longevity in the ore 4-1 mutant of Arabidopsis with a reduced expression of a plastid ribosomal protein gene.Plant J,2002,31:331-340
395 Woodhead M,Davies H V,Brennan R M,Taylor M A.The isolation of genomic DNA from blackcurrant(Ribes nigrum L.).Mol Biotechnol,1998,9:243-246
396 Wu C Y,Washida H,Onodera Y,Harada K,Takaiwa F.Quantitative nature of the Prolamin-box,ACGT and AACA motifs in a rice glutelin gene promoter:minimal cis-element requirements for endosperm-specific gene expression.Plant J,2000,23:415-421
397 Wu D,Liu B,Hou W,Zhu Y,Han T.Transposon tagging and its potential use in functional genomies study of soybean.Soybean Sci,2007a,26:254
398 Wu Z,Zhang X,He B,Diao L,Sheng S,Wang J,Guo X,Su N,Wang L,Jiang L.A chlorophyll-deficient rice mutant with impaired chlorophyllide esterification in chlorophyll biosynthesis.Plant Physiol,2007b,145:29-40
399 Xiang T,Wang L,Pang J.Cloning and characterization of a full-length cab gene encoding the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Acta Agron Sinica,2005,31:1227-1232
400 Xu D,McElroy D,Thornburg R W,Wu R.Systemic induction of a potato pin2 promoter by wounding,methyl iasmonate,and abscisic acid in transgenic rice plants.Plant Mol Biol,1993,22:573-588
401 Xu W,Subudhi P K,Crasta O R,Rosenow D T,Mullet J E,Nguyen H T.Molecular mapping of QTLs conferring stay-green in grain sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.Moench).Genome,2000,43:461-469
402 Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Shinozaki K.Transcriptional regulatory networks in cellular responses and tolerance to dehydration and cold stresses.Annu Rev Plant Biol,2006,57:781-803
403 Yamamoto Y Y,Obokata J.ppdb:a plant promoter database.Nucleic Acids Res,2008,36:D977-981
404 Yamanouchi U,Yano M,Lin H,Ashikari M,Yamada K.A rice spotted leaf gene,Spl7,encodes a heat stress transcription factor protein.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2002,99:7530-7535
405 Yan J,He C,Wang J,Mao Z,Holaday S A,Allen R D,Zhang H.Overexpression of the Arabidopsis 14-3-3 Protein GF14λ in Cotton Leads to a Stay-Green Phenotype and Improves Stress Tolerance under Moderate Drought Conditions.Plant Cell Physiol,2004,45:1007-1014
406 Yanagisawa S,Akiyama A,Kisaka H,Uchimiya H,Miwa T.Metabolic engineering with Dof1transcription factor in plants:Improved nitrogen assimilation and growth under low-nitrogen conditions.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101:7833-7838
407 Yang K,Im Y,Chung G,Cho B.Activity of the Arabidopsis blue copper-binding protein gene promoter in transgenic tobacco plants upon wounding.Plant Cell Reports,2002,20:987-991
408 Yashima Y,Kaihatsu A,Nakajima T,Kokubun M.Effects of source/Sink ratio and cytokinin application on pod set in soybean.Rice Sci,2005,8:139-144
409 Ye X,Al-Babili S,Kloti A,Zhang J,Lucca P,Beyer P,Potrykus I.Engineering the provitamin A (b Carotene) biosynthetic pathway into(carotenoid-free) rice endosperm.Science,2000,287:303
410 Yen C H,Yang C H.Evidence for programmed cell death during leaf senescence in plants.Plant Cell Physiol,1998,39:922-927
411 Ying Z,Wu Y,Avigne W,Koch K.Sugar responses of maize invertase genes are altered by cytokinins:whole plant implications for sugar sensing in a developmental context.Proceedings of the international conference on assimilate transportand partitioning,1999,197
412 Yoo S C,Cho S H,Zhang H,Paik H C,Lee C H,Li J,Yoo J H,Lee B W,Koh H J,Seo H S.Quantitative trait loci associated with functional stay-green SNU-SG1 in rice.Mol Cells,2007,24:83-94
413 Yoshida S.Molecular regulation of leaf senescence.Curr Opin Plant Bioi,2003,6:79-84
414 Yu D,Chen C,Chen Z.Evidence for an important role of WRKY DNA binding proteins in the regulation of NPR1 gene expression.Plant Cell,2001,13:1527-1540
415 Yue B,Xue W Y,Luo L J,Xing Y Z.QTL Analysis for flag leaf characteristics and their relationships with yield and yield traits in rice.Acta Genetica Sinica,2006,33:824-832
416 Zambryski P,Joos H,Genetello C,van Montagu M,Schell J.Ti plasmid vector for the introduction of DNA into plant cells without alteration of their normal regeneration capacity. EMBO J, 1983, 2:2143-2150
417 Zartman R E, Woyewodzic R T. Root distribution patterns of two hybrid grain sorghums under field conditions. Agron J, 1979, 71: 325-328
418 Zeng F, Zhang X, Zhu L, Tu L, Guo X, Nie Y. Isolation and characterization of genes associated to cotton somatic embryogenesis by suppression subtractive hybridization and macroarray. Plant Mol Biol, 2006, 60: 167-183
419 Zhang J, Guo D, Chang Y, You C, Li X, Dai X, Weng Q, Zhang J, Chen G, Li X. Non-random distribution of T-DNA insertions at various levels of the genome hierarchy as revealed by analyzing 13804 T-DNA flanking sequences from an enhancer-trap mutant library. Plant J, 2007, 49: 947-959
420 Zhang L D, Yuan D J, Zhang J W, Wang S, Zhang Q. A new method for EST clustering. Acta Genetica Sinica, 2003, 30: 147-153
421 Zhang Q. Inaugural Article: Strategies for developing green super rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007,104: 16402-16409
422 Zhang Z L, Xie Z, Zou X, Casaretto J, David Ho T, Shen Q J. A rice WRKY gene encodes a transcriptional repressor of the gibberellin signaling pathway in aleurone cells. Plant Physiol, 2004,134:1500-1513
423 Zhao Y, Qian Q, Wang H, Huang D. Hereditary behavior of bar gene cassette is complex in rice mediated by particle bombardment. J Genet Genomics, 2007, 34: 824-835
424 Zheng B, MacDonald T M, Sutinen S, Hurry V, Clarke A K. A nuclear-encoded ClpP subunit of the chloroplast ATP-dependent Clp protease is essential for early development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta, 2006, 224:1103-1115
425 Zhiponova M K, Pettko-Szandtner A, Stelkovics E, Neer Z, Bottka S, Krenacs T, Dudits D, Feher A, Szilak L. Mitosis-specific promoter of the alfalfa cyclin-dependent kinase gene (Medsa; CDKB2; 1) is activated by wounding, and ethylene, in a non-cell division-dependent manner. Plant Physiol, 2006,140: 693-703