不同植烟土壤养分释放规律及对烤烟养分吸收影响研究
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摘要
本研究主要通过室内培养研究了不同植烟土壤养分释放和固定,并且以烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.K326)为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究了不同类型土壤养分变化及烤烟植株Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn养分吸收、积累及分配。试验结论如下:
1.不同植烟土壤养分释放与固定研究
不同植烟土壤养分释放量不同,火山灰土硝态氮释放量最大,黄壤最小;水稻土铵态氮释放量最大,火山灰土最小;水稻土磷素释放量最大,黄壤最小;火山灰土钾素释放量最大,水稻土最小。不同植烟土壤前后期释放速率有差异。
在田间持水量为60%,不同溶度磷、钾肥处理下研究土壤磷、钾素转化,结果表明,土壤磷、钾素固定量随施钾量和培养时间的增加而增加,但固钾率随施钾量的增加而降低,在28天的培养过程中,不同植烟土壤对钾素固定量的大小顺序为:火山灰土＜黄壤＜红壤＜水稻土,而磷素固定量表现为在培养一天后,不同植烟土壤对磷素固定量的大小顺序为:水稻土＜黄壤＜红壤＜火山灰土,但是经过28天培养后,黄壤、红壤、火山灰土之间磷素固定量无显著性差异,而水稻土的磷素固定量要小于上述土壤。
2.不同植烟土壤烟草化学成分和土壤养分变化规律
在试验期间,烟叶磷、氯含量旱地土都高于水稻土,而钾含量水稻土高于旱地土。水稻土的铵态氮含量显著高于旱地土,水稻土的全磷含量明显高于旱地土,水稻土具有较高的有机质和较低的PH值。
3.不同类型土壤烤烟养分吸收和分配特征
烤烟植株养分积累量大小顺序依次为Ca＞Mg＞Fe＞Cu＞Zn,但是它们的积累量和分配率在不同土壤类型上有差异。
4.不同氮肥形态对烤烟养分吸收和分配特征的影响
不同氮肥形态影响烤烟植株元素积累量,Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn单株元素积累量最大的处理依次为100%钱态氮、钱态氮:硝态氮(50:50)、100%尿素、100%铵态氮、100%铵态氮。氮肥的施入同样影响了烤烟单株元素的分配率。
The effect of different types of growing tobacco soils on release and fixation of fertility was studied. And through a pot experiment, soil nutrient changes in different types of soil,nutrient uptake and their distribution in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. K326) was studied. The results showed in the following:
1 Different tobacco-growing of soil nutrient release is different, emission of volcanic ash soil NO_3~--N is maximum, yellow soil is the smallest; emission of Paddy soil NH_4~+-N is maximum, volcanic ash soil is the smallest; the amount of release of phosphorus in paddy soil is the largest, yellow Soil is the smallest; the amount of release of phosphorus in volcanic ash soil is the largest, paddy soil is the smallest. Different types of soil pre- and post-release rate are different.
Under soil moisture treatment (60% of field capacity), different solubility of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, soil phosphorus and potassium transformation was studied. Result showed that the amount of fixed potassium increased with increasing amount of culture time, but the fixed rate of K decreased with the quantity of applied K increasing,during incubation period of 28 days, the amount of fixed potassium of different types of soils in order was: Andisol< Yellow Soil< red soil< paddy soil,and the performance of a fixed amount of the phosphorus is the amount of fixed potassium of different types of soils in order was: Paddy soil 2 During the trial period, leaf phosphorus and chlorine content of upland soil were higher than paddy soil, and potassium content of paddy soil is higher than upland soil. During the trial period, the ammonium nitrogen in paddy soils were significantly higher than upland soil, The total phosphorus in paddy soils were significantly higher than the upland soil, paddy soil have high organic matter and lower PH value.
3 Nutrient accumulation of Flue-cured tobacco plant in order was: Ca> Mg> Fe> Cu> Zn. However, their accumulation and distribution in different soil types are different.
4 Different forms of nitrogen accumulation have influence on the amount of flue-cured tobacco plant elements, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn . The amount of flue-cured tobacco plant elements in order was:100%NH_4~+-N, NH_4~+-N:NO_3~--N(50:50), 100% UREA, 100%NH_4~+-N, 100%NH_4~+-N. Application of nitrogen also affected the distribution rate of flue-cured tobacco plant elements.
1.不同植烟土壤养分释放与固定研究
不同植烟土壤养分释放量不同,火山灰土硝态氮释放量最大,黄壤最小;水稻土铵态氮释放量最大,火山灰土最小;水稻土磷素释放量最大,黄壤最小;火山灰土钾素释放量最大,水稻土最小。不同植烟土壤前后期释放速率有差异。
在田间持水量为60%,不同溶度磷、钾肥处理下研究土壤磷、钾素转化,结果表明,土壤磷、钾素固定量随施钾量和培养时间的增加而增加,但固钾率随施钾量的增加而降低,在28天的培养过程中,不同植烟土壤对钾素固定量的大小顺序为:火山灰土＜黄壤＜红壤＜水稻土,而磷素固定量表现为在培养一天后,不同植烟土壤对磷素固定量的大小顺序为:水稻土＜黄壤＜红壤＜火山灰土,但是经过28天培养后,黄壤、红壤、火山灰土之间磷素固定量无显著性差异,而水稻土的磷素固定量要小于上述土壤。
2.不同植烟土壤烟草化学成分和土壤养分变化规律
在试验期间,烟叶磷、氯含量旱地土都高于水稻土,而钾含量水稻土高于旱地土。水稻土的铵态氮含量显著高于旱地土,水稻土的全磷含量明显高于旱地土,水稻土具有较高的有机质和较低的PH值。
3.不同类型土壤烤烟养分吸收和分配特征
烤烟植株养分积累量大小顺序依次为Ca＞Mg＞Fe＞Cu＞Zn,但是它们的积累量和分配率在不同土壤类型上有差异。
4.不同氮肥形态对烤烟养分吸收和分配特征的影响
不同氮肥形态影响烤烟植株元素积累量,Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn单株元素积累量最大的处理依次为100%钱态氮、钱态氮:硝态氮(50:50)、100%尿素、100%铵态氮、100%铵态氮。氮肥的施入同样影响了烤烟单株元素的分配率。
The effect of different types of growing tobacco soils on release and fixation of fertility was studied. And through a pot experiment, soil nutrient changes in different types of soil,nutrient uptake and their distribution in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. K326) was studied. The results showed in the following:
1 Different tobacco-growing of soil nutrient release is different, emission of volcanic ash soil NO_3~--N is maximum, yellow soil is the smallest; emission of Paddy soil NH_4~+-N is maximum, volcanic ash soil is the smallest; the amount of release of phosphorus in paddy soil is the largest, yellow Soil is the smallest; the amount of release of phosphorus in volcanic ash soil is the largest, paddy soil is the smallest. Different types of soil pre- and post-release rate are different.
Under soil moisture treatment (60% of field capacity), different solubility of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, soil phosphorus and potassium transformation was studied. Result showed that the amount of fixed potassium increased with increasing amount of culture time, but the fixed rate of K decreased with the quantity of applied K increasing,during incubation period of 28 days, the amount of fixed potassium of different types of soils in order was: Andisol< Yellow Soil< red soil< paddy soil,and the performance of a fixed amount of the phosphorus is the amount of fixed potassium of different types of soils in order was: Paddy soil
3 Nutrient accumulation of Flue-cured tobacco plant in order was: Ca> Mg> Fe> Cu> Zn. However, their accumulation and distribution in different soil types are different.
4 Different forms of nitrogen accumulation have influence on the amount of flue-cured tobacco plant elements, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn . The amount of flue-cured tobacco plant elements in order was:100%NH_4~+-N, NH_4~+-N:NO_3~--N(50:50), 100% UREA, 100%NH_4~+-N, 100%NH_4~+-N. Application of nitrogen also affected the distribution rate of flue-cured tobacco plant elements.
引文
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