矩形波导窄边开缝线阵天线设计方法研究
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摘要
波导开缝天线阵结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻,波导窄边开缝天线阵易于实现低副瓣乃至超低副瓣方向性图,受到越来越多的工程应用重视,在许多需要窄波束或赋形波束的微波通信和雷达系统中获得了应用。波导开缝天线由于受理论计算和加工精度等因素的影响,在设计上比较复杂,尤其是低副瓣和赋形波束的天线阵设计。
本课题根据方向性图的要求进行天线阵设计,是一个典型的天线综合问题,在设计上没有运用传统的天线综合方法,直接从工程实践经验入手,假定出线阵馈电电流的幅相分布,通过计算验证逼近所要求的方向性图。实践经验来源于天线综合方法理论的指导。
本文提出的设计方法是根据锐截止方向性图的设计要求,对矩形波导开缝特性和波导开缝天线设计要求进行了分析,提出线阵馈电电流幅相分布假设,通过计算验证,确定开缝数据。本设计方法绕开根据方向性图形状来设计天线的复杂理论计算,利用天线口径场分布与其方向性之间的傅立叶变换关系,在工程经验的基础上,假定开缝阵元的电流振幅分布为钟形下降波浪衰减式曲线,相位分布是反对称斜直线加饱和部分波浪式曲线,在此基础上利用指数函数的欧拉公式推导出波导开缝线阵的垂直方向性函数。经过反复计算,得到一组接近设计需求的开缝数据。
通过ansoft软件对计算数据进行建模仿真,仿真结果与计算基本相符。在推导方向性图函数时,假定开缝线阵的馈电相位以中间缝为对称,这对赋形方向性图的设计不一定准确,国外在进行相同的设计时,开缝线阵馈电就采用了不对称的振幅分布和相位分部,这样有利于提高天线的效率。利用ansoft软件对开缝馈电的振幅和相位分布进行试探优化修正,使方向性图更接近设计要求。
最后根据仿真结果,加工了一根波导窄边开缝线阵,经过测试,方向性图基本满足设计要求。
Waveguide slotted antenna array is featuring compact structure, small dimension and light weight, of which type, the narrow-edge waveguide slotted antenna array has been drawn more and more attention from different projects and engineering industry as its features of low side lobe and even super side lobe. Meanwhile, it has been frequently applied for microwave communication and radar system to provide narrow beam and shaped beam as well. However, as influenced by some factors, such as theoretical calculation and machining accuracy, the designing of waveguide slotted antenna becomes a difficult and complicated task, especially the array designing of low side lobe and shaped beam.
This thesis is emphasizing on the discussion of antenna design in accordance with the requirements of radiation pattern, which is one of the typical issues of antenna comprehension. However, it is not using traditional antenna comprehensive method; instead, in terms of the former project experience, the hypothesis of amplitude phase distribution for linear array will help to approach the radiation pattern as required, based on the guidance from antenna comprehensive theory.
The main designing method referred in this thesis is, according to the request of a sharp cut-off radiation pattern, to analyze the features of rectangular waveguide slotting characteristics and the design requirements of waveguide slotting antenna, to give the hypothesis of amplitude phase distribution for linear array and get the slotting data by calculation verification. For the antenna comprehensive design based on radiation pattern, to avoid the sophisticated calculation process, we presume the current amplitude of slotted array element is bell-shaped decreased wave attenuation curve, phase distribution is anti-symmetric skew line and saturated part is undulating curve, which are on the basis of the Fourier relation transformation between distribution and radiation pattern of antenna aperture field. Furthermore, with the construction experience, we have derived the vertical directional function through the Euler formula of exponential function. Then after strict and repeated calculation, we can get the slotting data for designing as required.
The result of modeling and simulation through ansoft software is complying with that of calculation basically. For during the process of function deduction of radiation pattern, we gave the hypothesis that the slotting array feeding phase is symmetric with reference of intermediate slot, which is not beneficial for the accuracy of shaped radiation pattern design. In terms of some experience of foreign designing, the asymmetric amplitude and phase distribution of slotting array feeding have been applied to improve the efficiency of antenna. Therefore, the ansoft software has been used for the optimization of slotting feeding, amplitude and phase distribution, in order to approach the radiation pattern of designing requirements.
Finally, the narrow-edge waveguide slotted linear array has been manufactured on the basis of the modeling and simulation result; moreover, the testing has proved that the radiation pattern could meet the final design requirements.
本课题根据方向性图的要求进行天线阵设计,是一个典型的天线综合问题,在设计上没有运用传统的天线综合方法,直接从工程实践经验入手,假定出线阵馈电电流的幅相分布,通过计算验证逼近所要求的方向性图。实践经验来源于天线综合方法理论的指导。
本文提出的设计方法是根据锐截止方向性图的设计要求,对矩形波导开缝特性和波导开缝天线设计要求进行了分析,提出线阵馈电电流幅相分布假设,通过计算验证,确定开缝数据。本设计方法绕开根据方向性图形状来设计天线的复杂理论计算,利用天线口径场分布与其方向性之间的傅立叶变换关系,在工程经验的基础上,假定开缝阵元的电流振幅分布为钟形下降波浪衰减式曲线,相位分布是反对称斜直线加饱和部分波浪式曲线,在此基础上利用指数函数的欧拉公式推导出波导开缝线阵的垂直方向性函数。经过反复计算,得到一组接近设计需求的开缝数据。
通过ansoft软件对计算数据进行建模仿真,仿真结果与计算基本相符。在推导方向性图函数时,假定开缝线阵的馈电相位以中间缝为对称,这对赋形方向性图的设计不一定准确,国外在进行相同的设计时,开缝线阵馈电就采用了不对称的振幅分布和相位分部,这样有利于提高天线的效率。利用ansoft软件对开缝馈电的振幅和相位分布进行试探优化修正,使方向性图更接近设计要求。
最后根据仿真结果,加工了一根波导窄边开缝线阵,经过测试,方向性图基本满足设计要求。
Waveguide slotted antenna array is featuring compact structure, small dimension and light weight, of which type, the narrow-edge waveguide slotted antenna array has been drawn more and more attention from different projects and engineering industry as its features of low side lobe and even super side lobe. Meanwhile, it has been frequently applied for microwave communication and radar system to provide narrow beam and shaped beam as well. However, as influenced by some factors, such as theoretical calculation and machining accuracy, the designing of waveguide slotted antenna becomes a difficult and complicated task, especially the array designing of low side lobe and shaped beam.
This thesis is emphasizing on the discussion of antenna design in accordance with the requirements of radiation pattern, which is one of the typical issues of antenna comprehension. However, it is not using traditional antenna comprehensive method; instead, in terms of the former project experience, the hypothesis of amplitude phase distribution for linear array will help to approach the radiation pattern as required, based on the guidance from antenna comprehensive theory.
The main designing method referred in this thesis is, according to the request of a sharp cut-off radiation pattern, to analyze the features of rectangular waveguide slotting characteristics and the design requirements of waveguide slotting antenna, to give the hypothesis of amplitude phase distribution for linear array and get the slotting data by calculation verification. For the antenna comprehensive design based on radiation pattern, to avoid the sophisticated calculation process, we presume the current amplitude of slotted array element is bell-shaped decreased wave attenuation curve, phase distribution is anti-symmetric skew line and saturated part is undulating curve, which are on the basis of the Fourier relation transformation between distribution and radiation pattern of antenna aperture field. Furthermore, with the construction experience, we have derived the vertical directional function through the Euler formula of exponential function. Then after strict and repeated calculation, we can get the slotting data for designing as required.
The result of modeling and simulation through ansoft software is complying with that of calculation basically. For during the process of function deduction of radiation pattern, we gave the hypothesis that the slotting array feeding phase is symmetric with reference of intermediate slot, which is not beneficial for the accuracy of shaped radiation pattern design. In terms of some experience of foreign designing, the asymmetric amplitude and phase distribution of slotting array feeding have been applied to improve the efficiency of antenna. Therefore, the ansoft software has been used for the optimization of slotting feeding, amplitude and phase distribution, in order to approach the radiation pattern of designing requirements.
Finally, the narrow-edge waveguide slotted linear array has been manufactured on the basis of the modeling and simulation result; moreover, the testing has proved that the radiation pattern could meet the final design requirements.
引文
[1]G.J.Stem,R.S.Elliott. Resonant length of longitudinal slots and validity of circuit representation :Theory and Experiment, IEEE Trans. A P,1985; 33(11):1264~1271.
[2]Robert S. Elliott. Designing slot arrays including internal mutual coupling, IEEE Trans. A P, 1986; 34(9): 1149~1154.
[3]Cheng-Geng Jan. Effects of corners on mutual impedance between edge slots, IEEE Trans. A P, 1993; 41(4):488~492.
[4]F. L. Whetten, C. A. Balanis. Effects of a dielectric coating on leaky-wave long-slot waveguide antennas, IEEE Trans. A P, 1996; 44(8):1149~1154.
[5]张贞卓王湖庄等,一种新型矩形波导裂缝天线的分析与设计,微波学报,1996,12(1): 42~49
[6]隋立山,柴舜连等,矩形波导窄边倾斜缝隙天线阵的设计,现代电子技术,2008,3:14~20
[7]张仲西,低副瓣波导窄边开缝非谐振线阵的实践,现代雷达,1985,4:41-46
[8]赵荣康,微波着陆系统中锐截止方向性图的综合,中国电子学会导航学会第三届年会论文集,西安:导航学会编辑出版,1989.204~220
[9]黄经,超低副瓣波导窄边裂缝阵列天线,现代雷达,1994,1:101-104
[10]赵荣康,MLS航向扫描天线模型样机综述,中国电子学会导航学会第五届年会论文集,天津:民航学院编辑出版,1991,152~162
[11]毛伟毛康候,赋形开槽天线研究,系统工程与电子技术,1991,10:25~32
[12]齐美清汪伟等,基于HFSS的波导裂缝有源导纳的计算方法,雷达科学与技术,2006,4(2):121~128
[13]周高杯戴瑜兴等,一种高增益低旁瓣波导裂缝天线的设计,无线电通信技术,2005,31(2):28~31
[14]郭先松,波导裂缝天线赋形波束研究,[硕士学位论文],南京:南京理工大学,2007
[15]P.N.理查森等,波导裂缝天线阵的设计与分析,雷达与对抗,1989,3:11~22
[16]王金荣,波导隙缝阵喇叭天线,电子技术,1984,10:15~20
[17]顾瑞龙沈民谊等编,微波技术与天线,北京:国防工业出版社,1980.361~377
[18]郑雪飞,波导窄边缝隙天线频带特性分析,现代雷达,2005,27(6):48~51
[19]林昌禄聂在平,天线工程手册,北京:电子工业出版社,2002,271~302
[20]王宫清,MLS相扫天线的研制,中国电子学会导航学会第五届年会论文集,天津:民航学院编辑出版,1991.182~183
[21]杨继松傅君眉,波导缝隙在模拟阵列环境中的有源导纳值计算方法,中国空间科学技术,1996,6:12~18
[22]谢处方邱文杰编,天线原理与设计,成都:电子工业部教材办公室,95~97
[23]胡健旺,波导窄边开槽天线设计:[学士学位论文],成都:成都电子科技大学,2007
[24]顾继慧,采样定理与天线综合的研究,南京理工大学学报,2000,24(6):548~552
[25]徐琰刘元云,波导缝隙阵引信天线的设计和仿真,制导与引信,2003,24(1):37~41
[26]钟顺时费桐秋等,波导窄边缝隙阵天线的设计,西北电讯工程学院学报,1976,1:165~184
[2]Robert S. Elliott. Designing slot arrays including internal mutual coupling, IEEE Trans. A P, 1986; 34(9): 1149~1154.
[3]Cheng-Geng Jan. Effects of corners on mutual impedance between edge slots, IEEE Trans. A P, 1993; 41(4):488~492.
[4]F. L. Whetten, C. A. Balanis. Effects of a dielectric coating on leaky-wave long-slot waveguide antennas, IEEE Trans. A P, 1996; 44(8):1149~1154.
[5]张贞卓王湖庄等,一种新型矩形波导裂缝天线的分析与设计,微波学报,1996,12(1): 42~49
[6]隋立山,柴舜连等,矩形波导窄边倾斜缝隙天线阵的设计,现代电子技术,2008,3:14~20
[7]张仲西,低副瓣波导窄边开缝非谐振线阵的实践,现代雷达,1985,4:41-46
[8]赵荣康,微波着陆系统中锐截止方向性图的综合,中国电子学会导航学会第三届年会论文集,西安:导航学会编辑出版,1989.204~220
[9]黄经,超低副瓣波导窄边裂缝阵列天线,现代雷达,1994,1:101-104
[10]赵荣康,MLS航向扫描天线模型样机综述,中国电子学会导航学会第五届年会论文集,天津:民航学院编辑出版,1991,152~162
[11]毛伟毛康候,赋形开槽天线研究,系统工程与电子技术,1991,10:25~32
[12]齐美清汪伟等,基于HFSS的波导裂缝有源导纳的计算方法,雷达科学与技术,2006,4(2):121~128
[13]周高杯戴瑜兴等,一种高增益低旁瓣波导裂缝天线的设计,无线电通信技术,2005,31(2):28~31
[14]郭先松,波导裂缝天线赋形波束研究,[硕士学位论文],南京:南京理工大学,2007
[15]P.N.理查森等,波导裂缝天线阵的设计与分析,雷达与对抗,1989,3:11~22
[16]王金荣,波导隙缝阵喇叭天线,电子技术,1984,10:15~20
[17]顾瑞龙沈民谊等编,微波技术与天线,北京:国防工业出版社,1980.361~377
[18]郑雪飞,波导窄边缝隙天线频带特性分析,现代雷达,2005,27(6):48~51
[19]林昌禄聂在平,天线工程手册,北京:电子工业出版社,2002,271~302
[20]王宫清,MLS相扫天线的研制,中国电子学会导航学会第五届年会论文集,天津:民航学院编辑出版,1991.182~183
[21]杨继松傅君眉,波导缝隙在模拟阵列环境中的有源导纳值计算方法,中国空间科学技术,1996,6:12~18
[22]谢处方邱文杰编,天线原理与设计,成都:电子工业部教材办公室,95~97
[23]胡健旺,波导窄边开槽天线设计:[学士学位论文],成都:成都电子科技大学,2007
[24]顾继慧,采样定理与天线综合的研究,南京理工大学学报,2000,24(6):548~552
[25]徐琰刘元云,波导缝隙阵引信天线的设计和仿真,制导与引信,2003,24(1):37~41
[26]钟顺时费桐秋等,波导窄边缝隙阵天线的设计,西北电讯工程学院学报,1976,1:165~184