贝西北地区大磨拐河组层序地层学研究
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摘要
贝西北地区是海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷重要的油气探区。本文以层序地层学、沉积学理论为指导,运用地震、测井、录井、岩芯等资料,对贝西北地区大磨拐河组地层的层序地层格架、沉积体系进行了细致的研究。贝西北地区大磨拐河组地层为一个完整的超层序,可划分出低水位体系域、水进体系域和高水位体系域早期、高水位体系域中期和高水位体系域晚期5个时期,5个时期内部又划分出12个四级层序。其中低水位体系域为1个四级层序(DⅠ1层序),水进体系域为2个四级层序(DⅠ2和DⅠ3层序),高水位体系域早期为2个四级层序(DⅠ4和DⅠ5层序),高水位体系域中期为4个四级层序(DⅡ1至DⅡ4层序),高水位体系域晚期为3个四级层序(DⅡ5至DⅡ7层序)。大磨拐河组共识别出4种相、15种亚相、26种微相。低水位体系域时期水体较浅,生长断层处主要发育扇三角相,北部主要发育辫状河三角洲相;水进沉积时期水体急剧变深,东部、西部和北部主要发育辫状河三角洲相;高水位早期沉积时期水体较为稳定,西部斜坡仍然发育辫状河三角洲,北部发育曲流河三角洲;高水位中期沉积时期水体变浅,只有北部发育曲流河三角洲;高水位晚期沉积时期水体进一步变浅,北部发育网状河三角洲。大磨拐河组砂体受相带控制明显,而层序地层学为预测岩性圈闭提供了强大武器。结合地层层序演化规律、各四级层序优势沉积微相平面分布特征和砂岩厚度特征,在大磨拐河组共预测出扇三角洲前缘砂岩上倾尖灭圈闭、三角洲砂岩上倾尖灭圈闭、三角洲向外延续带砂岩透镜状圈闭和浊积岩体圈闭4类岩性圈闭。根据生储盖特征将大磨拐河组地层分为三套储盖组合,在第一套储盖组合中预测出3个有利区带,第二套储盖组合中预测出2个有利区带,第三套储盖组合中预测出2个有利区带。
The northwestern Beier depression is one of the most important petroleum exploration regions in Hailaer basin. Guided by the theories of sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, helped by seismic data, borehole log, logging curves and cores, detailed research on the sequence stratigraphical framework, depositional system of the Damoguaihe group in the northwestern Beier depression have been carried out in the paper. The formation of Damoguaihe group in the northwestern Beier depression is a super sequence which can be divided into five stages. They are the lowstand system tracts (LST) period, the transgressive system tracts (TST) period, the early stage of highstand system trarcts (HST) period, the middle stage of highstand system trarcts (HST) period and the late stage of highstand system trarcts (HST) period. The five stages can be subdivided into twelve fourth-order sequences. LST includes one fourth-order sequence(DⅠ1); TST includes two fourth-order sequences(DⅠ2 and DⅠ3); the early stage of HST includes two fourth-order sequences(DⅠ4 and DⅠ5); the middle stage of HST includes four fourth-order sequences(DⅡ1-DⅡ4); the late stage of HST includes three fourth-order sequences(DⅡ5-DⅡ7). Four types of facies, fifteen types of sub facies and twenty-six types of micro facies have been distinguished in the area. During the LST deposition stage, the water was relatively shallow. Fan delta was developed near growth faults, while braided river delta was developed in the northern part. During the TST deposition stage, the lake water sharply became deep and braided river delta was developed in the eastern, western and northern parts of the study area. The water of the early stage of HST was relatively steady, and braided river delta was still developed in the western slope, and meandering river delta was developed in the northern part. The water of the middle stage of HST became shallower and only meandering river delta can be found in the stage. The water of the late stage of HST became much shallower than the middle stage and the anastomosed stream delta was developed in this stage. The sand body is remarkablely controlled by sedimentary facies, and sequence stratigraphy provides a powerful weapon for the prediction of lithologic traps. Combined with sequence evolution regulation, planner distributional characteristics of the advantaged micro facies and sand body thickness characteristics of every fourth–order sequence, four kinds lithologic traps is predicted in this area. They are the up-dip pinch-out sandstone traps of the front of the fan delta, the up-dip pinch-out sandstone traps of delta, sand lens traps of the lay out belt of belt and the turbidite traps respectively. Based on the characteristics of source rock, reservoir and cap rock, the formation of Damoguaihe group can be divided into three sets of reservoir-cap combination. There are three favorable zone in the first one, two in the second one and two in the third zone respectively.
The northwestern Beier depression is one of the most important petroleum exploration regions in Hailaer basin. Guided by the theories of sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, helped by seismic data, borehole log, logging curves and cores, detailed research on the sequence stratigraphical framework, depositional system of the Damoguaihe group in the northwestern Beier depression have been carried out in the paper. The formation of Damoguaihe group in the northwestern Beier depression is a super sequence which can be divided into five stages. They are the lowstand system tracts (LST) period, the transgressive system tracts (TST) period, the early stage of highstand system trarcts (HST) period, the middle stage of highstand system trarcts (HST) period and the late stage of highstand system trarcts (HST) period. The five stages can be subdivided into twelve fourth-order sequences. LST includes one fourth-order sequence(DⅠ1); TST includes two fourth-order sequences(DⅠ2 and DⅠ3); the early stage of HST includes two fourth-order sequences(DⅠ4 and DⅠ5); the middle stage of HST includes four fourth-order sequences(DⅡ1-DⅡ4); the late stage of HST includes three fourth-order sequences(DⅡ5-DⅡ7). Four types of facies, fifteen types of sub facies and twenty-six types of micro facies have been distinguished in the area. During the LST deposition stage, the water was relatively shallow. Fan delta was developed near growth faults, while braided river delta was developed in the northern part. During the TST deposition stage, the lake water sharply became deep and braided river delta was developed in the eastern, western and northern parts of the study area. The water of the early stage of HST was relatively steady, and braided river delta was still developed in the western slope, and meandering river delta was developed in the northern part. The water of the middle stage of HST became shallower and only meandering river delta can be found in the stage. The water of the late stage of HST became much shallower than the middle stage and the anastomosed stream delta was developed in this stage. The sand body is remarkablely controlled by sedimentary facies, and sequence stratigraphy provides a powerful weapon for the prediction of lithologic traps. Combined with sequence evolution regulation, planner distributional characteristics of the advantaged micro facies and sand body thickness characteristics of every fourth–order sequence, four kinds lithologic traps is predicted in this area. They are the up-dip pinch-out sandstone traps of the front of the fan delta, the up-dip pinch-out sandstone traps of delta, sand lens traps of the lay out belt of belt and the turbidite traps respectively. Based on the characteristics of source rock, reservoir and cap rock, the formation of Damoguaihe group can be divided into three sets of reservoir-cap combination. There are three favorable zone in the first one, two in the second one and two in the third zone respectively.
引文
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