中等职业学校学生心理健康教育研究
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摘要
2002年8月,国务院颁发的《国务院关于大力推进职业教育改革与发展的决定》中明确提出:职业教育要加强“爱岗敬业,诚实守信,办事公道,服务群众,奉献社会”的职业道德教育,要加强职业能力教育和身心健康教育。《决定》突出了心理健康教育在职业教育中的地位。心理健康即是全面发展教育的组成部分,又是人的全面教育的必要条件。在中等职业学校开展心理健康教育,可以使学生客观地认识自己,冷静地面对现实;培养浓厚的职业兴趣,掌握扎实的职业技能,具备一定的创新能力;积极主动地与人交往,提升人际的吸引力与团结协作精神;促进身心的和谐发展、形成健全的人格;树立全面的健康意识,提高综合素质,为以后就业打下良好的基础。学校心理健康教育是素质教育的一项重要内容,它的开展有利于学生的自我发展、自我完善和自我成熟,并受到越来越多的教育界、心理学界等各方面专家和一线教育工作者的重视,越来越多的学校已把心理健康教育作为推广素质教育和教育改革的突破口。中等职业学校心理健康教育是学校德育工作的重要组成部分,加强心理健康教育是增强德育工作“针对性”、“实效性”的重要举措。在中等职业学校开展心理健康教育,是促进学生全面发展的需要,是实施素质教育,提高学生全面素质和综合职业能力的必然要求。中等职业学校开展心理健康教育工作,不仅是深化德育工作的必然,也是职业教育主动适应市场,面向未来培养合格人才的重要举措。目前,我国的中等职业学校心理健康教育正逐渐的成为备受社会各界的关注的重点,我国有个别学校在心理健康教育方面走在了前面,但是,总体情况还不尽如人意。为了进一步开展好职业学校心理健康教育的工作,笔者对潍坊市12所职业学校进行了调查,对当前职业学校存在的心理健康教育问题展开了研究。在这样一个现实基础上如何把中等职业学校心理健康教育推向一个更高的台阶,还需要各级政府以及学校的大力支持,需要在第一线从事心理健康教育的广大教师们的辛勤劳动。
本研究主要采用文献研究法、问卷调查法以及经验总结法等研究方法。本文由四大部分组成:首先,对心理健康与学校心理健康的概念作了界定;其次,通过对潍坊市几所职业学校心理健康教育现状及学生心理健康状况进行调查,了解其心理健康发展状况及各个学校心理健康教育的现状及成效;再次,分析不同中等职业学校心理健康教育中存在的问题及成因,透视出当前职业学校对心理健康教育的不重视;最后针对各校心理健康教育存在的问题,提出改善目前职业学校心理健康教育的策略。
In August 2002, The State Council issued the "State Council on vocational education reform and the vigorously promote development of decision" clearly stated: vocational education should be strengthened "love and dedication, honest and trustworthy, act with fairness, serving the people and contributing to society," in professional ethics education , we must strengthen the professional competence education, and physical and mental health education. Mental health that is an integral part of overall development of education, but also the all-round education, a necessary condition. In the secondary vocational schools mental health education, enabling students to an objective understanding of ourselves,calm in face of reality; develop a strong professional interest in and grasp a solid job skills, possess a certain degree of innovation; proactive interaction with people to enhance interpersonal attraction and unity spirit of collaboration; to promote the harmonious development of body and mind, forming a sound personality ; establish a comprehensive health awareness, improve the overall quality, in order to lay a good foundation for future employment.The mental health education in schools is an important component of quality education, and its activities in favor of student self-development, self-improvement and self-mature, and they are subject to an increasing number of education, psychology and other experts and front-line educators attention, more and more schools have taken the mental health education to promote quality education and educational reform as a breakthrough. The mental health education of secondary vocational school is an important part of moral working education, to strengthen the mental health education is to enhance the moral education "targeted", "effective," it’s an important step. At present, China's secondary vocational school mental health education is gradually becoming much the focus of all sectors of society, in order to further develop good psychological health education vocational school work, I made a survey in the 12 vocational schools of Weifang City, and conducted a research on the issues of mental health education that existed in the vocational school.
This study used literature method, questionnaire survey method as well as experience summarization method, and other research methods. This paper consists of four parts: First, the concepts of mental health and school mental health were defined; secondly, through the investigation of mental health education and student mental health status of several vocational schools in Weifang City, as to grasp the status of their mental health development conditions and the status and effectiveness of mental health education in all schools;thirdly, to analyze the problems and causes of mental health education in different secondary vocational school,and perceive that the current vocational schools do not attach importance to mental health education; and finally to aim at the mental health education problems, at last, to put forword the strategies of mental health education in the vocational schools.
本研究主要采用文献研究法、问卷调查法以及经验总结法等研究方法。本文由四大部分组成:首先,对心理健康与学校心理健康的概念作了界定;其次,通过对潍坊市几所职业学校心理健康教育现状及学生心理健康状况进行调查,了解其心理健康发展状况及各个学校心理健康教育的现状及成效;再次,分析不同中等职业学校心理健康教育中存在的问题及成因,透视出当前职业学校对心理健康教育的不重视;最后针对各校心理健康教育存在的问题,提出改善目前职业学校心理健康教育的策略。
In August 2002, The State Council issued the "State Council on vocational education reform and the vigorously promote development of decision" clearly stated: vocational education should be strengthened "love and dedication, honest and trustworthy, act with fairness, serving the people and contributing to society," in professional ethics education , we must strengthen the professional competence education, and physical and mental health education. Mental health that is an integral part of overall development of education, but also the all-round education, a necessary condition. In the secondary vocational schools mental health education, enabling students to an objective understanding of ourselves,calm in face of reality; develop a strong professional interest in and grasp a solid job skills, possess a certain degree of innovation; proactive interaction with people to enhance interpersonal attraction and unity spirit of collaboration; to promote the harmonious development of body and mind, forming a sound personality ; establish a comprehensive health awareness, improve the overall quality, in order to lay a good foundation for future employment.The mental health education in schools is an important component of quality education, and its activities in favor of student self-development, self-improvement and self-mature, and they are subject to an increasing number of education, psychology and other experts and front-line educators attention, more and more schools have taken the mental health education to promote quality education and educational reform as a breakthrough. The mental health education of secondary vocational school is an important part of moral working education, to strengthen the mental health education is to enhance the moral education "targeted", "effective," it’s an important step. At present, China's secondary vocational school mental health education is gradually becoming much the focus of all sectors of society, in order to further develop good psychological health education vocational school work, I made a survey in the 12 vocational schools of Weifang City, and conducted a research on the issues of mental health education that existed in the vocational school.
This study used literature method, questionnaire survey method as well as experience summarization method, and other research methods. This paper consists of four parts: First, the concepts of mental health and school mental health were defined; secondly, through the investigation of mental health education and student mental health status of several vocational schools in Weifang City, as to grasp the status of their mental health development conditions and the status and effectiveness of mental health education in all schools;thirdly, to analyze the problems and causes of mental health education in different secondary vocational school,and perceive that the current vocational schools do not attach importance to mental health education; and finally to aim at the mental health education problems, at last, to put forword the strategies of mental health education in the vocational schools.
引文
[1]教育部文件.《中等职业学校学生心理健康教育指导纲要》教职成[2004]8号
[2]陈家麟.学校心理健康—原理与操作[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2002,5:11.
[3]文萍.心理学理论与教育[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1991:273;328.
[4]王敬群等.大学生心理健康教程[M]江西人民出版社,2002:前言.
[5][6]陈忞.学生心理健康与社会适应[M]北京:教育科学出版社,2002:21.
[7]邵瑞珍.教育心理学[M]上海:教育出版社,1996:32.
[8]宋专茂,陈伟.心理健康测量[M].济南:济南大学出版社,20026:8.
[9]林崇德.中学生心理学[M].北京:北京出版社,1983:21.
[10] (台湾)张春兴.现代心理学--现代人研究自身问题的科学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2001:633.
[11]全国十二所重点师范大学联合编写.心理学基础[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2002:326;327.
[12]叶一舵.现代学校心理健康教育研究[M].北京:开明出版社,2003:35.
[13]杨玲.曲靖市中等师范学校学生心理健康的现状调查与对策研究[D].云南师范大学,2006:6.
[14]彭斌.中等职业学校心理健康教育的调查研究[D].广西师范大学,2002:17.
[15]杨玲.曲靖市中等师范学校学生心理健康的现状调查与对策研究[D].云南师范大学,2006:33.
[16]邓庆民.在助人中自助,在互助中成长—中学生心理互助教育方式探索[J].中小学心理健康教育,2005(2):12.
[17]杨玲.曲靖市中等师范学校学生心理健康的现状调查与对策研究[D].云南师范大学,2006:36;39;41.
[18]教育部文件.《中等职业学校学生心理健康教育指导纲要》教职成[2004]8号
[19]陈则敬.中等职业学校学生自尊与心理健康的相关研究[D].华东师范大学,2006:49.
[20]彭斌.中等职业学校心理健康教育的调查研究[D].广西师范大学,2002:31.
[1]韩媛媛、陈家麟.浅析德育与心理健康教育的结合[J].教育科学与研究,2005.
[2]俞国良.未成年人心理健康教育的探索[J].北京师范大学学报,2005.
[3]韩晓琴.中等职业学校心理健康教育方法的探索[J].中国职业技术教育,2006.1.
[4]邓庆民.在助人中自助,在互助中成长—中学生心理互助教育方式探索[J].中小学心理健康教育,2005.
[5]陈忞.学生心理健康与社会适应[M]北京:教育科学出版社,2002,2.
[6]宋专茂,陈伟.心理健康测量[M].济南:济南大学出版社,2002.
[7]林崇德.中学生心理学[M].北京:北京出版社,1983.
[8] (台湾)张春兴.现代心理学--现代人研究自身问题的科学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2001.
[9]全国十二所重点师范大学联合编写.心理学基础[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2002.
[10]叶一舵.现代学校心理健康教育研究[M].北京:开明出版社,2003,11.
[11]陈家麟.学校心理健康—原理与操作[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2002,5.
[12]陈家麟、郭亨杰.高中心理教育指导[M].江苏:南京师范大学出版社,2002,7.
[13]文萍主编.心理学理论与教育[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1991.
[14]张向葵.青少年心理问题研究——当代青少年心理问题反思与回应对策[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社2001.6.
[15]雷雳.中学生家长及教师心理健康指导手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[16]俞国良.心理健康教育(学生用书)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[17]兰瑞侠.心理健康教育[M].北京:中国传媒大学出版社2007,2.
[18]萧今,黎万红.发展经济中的教育与职业[M].天津:天津人民出版社,2002.
[19]俞国良.心理健康教育(教师用书)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[20]陆向阳.中学生心理健康[M].北京:群言出版社,2004,6.
[21]张大均.教育心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2001.
[22]郑日昌.中学生心理卫生[M]济南:山东教育出版社,2000.
[23]吴秀娟,陈子良.学生心理与班级管理[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1991.
[24]刘华山.学校心理辅导[M].合肥:安徽人民出版社,2002,4.
[25]张承芬.心理健康教育[M].济南:山东教育出版社2006,8.
[26]王敬群等.大学生心理健康教程[M]江西人民出版社,2002 .
[27]陈旭.中学心理素质教育[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2004,12.
[28]中小学教师心理健康教程编写组.心理健康教育教程[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2004,48.
[29]邵瑞珍.教育心理学[M]上海:教育出版社,1996.8.
[30]郑日昌.中小学心理咨询[M]济南:山东教育出版社,1994.
[31]赵建平.中等职业学校学生自我概念及其心理健康的相关研究[D].郑州大学,2006.
[32]罗明春.中等职业学校学生心理健康状况调查研究[D].云南师范大学,2005
[33]陈则敬.中等职业学校学生自尊与心理健康的相关研究[D].华东师范大学,2006
[34]彭斌.中等职业学校心理健康教育的调查研究[D].广西师范大学,2002.
[35]钟庆文.职业院校学生心理健康教育研究—以“扬、泰”地区职业院校心理健康教育实践为例[D].江西师范大学,2005.
[36]封莉莉.贵阳市中等职业学校学生的心理健康及其相关因素的调查分析[D].华中师范大学,2005.
[37]杨玲.曲靖市中等师范学校学生心理健康的现状调查与对策研究[D].云南师范大学,2006.
[38]教育部文件.《中等职业学校学生心理健康教育指导纲要》教职成[2004]8号
[2]陈家麟.学校心理健康—原理与操作[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2002,5:11.
[3]文萍.心理学理论与教育[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1991:273;328.
[4]王敬群等.大学生心理健康教程[M]江西人民出版社,2002:前言.
[5][6]陈忞.学生心理健康与社会适应[M]北京:教育科学出版社,2002:21.
[7]邵瑞珍.教育心理学[M]上海:教育出版社,1996:32.
[8]宋专茂,陈伟.心理健康测量[M].济南:济南大学出版社,20026:8.
[9]林崇德.中学生心理学[M].北京:北京出版社,1983:21.
[10] (台湾)张春兴.现代心理学--现代人研究自身问题的科学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2001:633.
[11]全国十二所重点师范大学联合编写.心理学基础[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2002:326;327.
[12]叶一舵.现代学校心理健康教育研究[M].北京:开明出版社,2003:35.
[13]杨玲.曲靖市中等师范学校学生心理健康的现状调查与对策研究[D].云南师范大学,2006:6.
[14]彭斌.中等职业学校心理健康教育的调查研究[D].广西师范大学,2002:17.
[15]杨玲.曲靖市中等师范学校学生心理健康的现状调查与对策研究[D].云南师范大学,2006:33.
[16]邓庆民.在助人中自助,在互助中成长—中学生心理互助教育方式探索[J].中小学心理健康教育,2005(2):12.
[17]杨玲.曲靖市中等师范学校学生心理健康的现状调查与对策研究[D].云南师范大学,2006:36;39;41.
[18]教育部文件.《中等职业学校学生心理健康教育指导纲要》教职成[2004]8号
[19]陈则敬.中等职业学校学生自尊与心理健康的相关研究[D].华东师范大学,2006:49.
[20]彭斌.中等职业学校心理健康教育的调查研究[D].广西师范大学,2002:31.
[1]韩媛媛、陈家麟.浅析德育与心理健康教育的结合[J].教育科学与研究,2005.
[2]俞国良.未成年人心理健康教育的探索[J].北京师范大学学报,2005.
[3]韩晓琴.中等职业学校心理健康教育方法的探索[J].中国职业技术教育,2006.1.
[4]邓庆民.在助人中自助,在互助中成长—中学生心理互助教育方式探索[J].中小学心理健康教育,2005.
[5]陈忞.学生心理健康与社会适应[M]北京:教育科学出版社,2002,2.
[6]宋专茂,陈伟.心理健康测量[M].济南:济南大学出版社,2002.
[7]林崇德.中学生心理学[M].北京:北京出版社,1983.
[8] (台湾)张春兴.现代心理学--现代人研究自身问题的科学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2001.
[9]全国十二所重点师范大学联合编写.心理学基础[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2002.
[10]叶一舵.现代学校心理健康教育研究[M].北京:开明出版社,2003,11.
[11]陈家麟.学校心理健康—原理与操作[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2002,5.
[12]陈家麟、郭亨杰.高中心理教育指导[M].江苏:南京师范大学出版社,2002,7.
[13]文萍主编.心理学理论与教育[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1991.
[14]张向葵.青少年心理问题研究——当代青少年心理问题反思与回应对策[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社2001.6.
[15]雷雳.中学生家长及教师心理健康指导手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[16]俞国良.心理健康教育(学生用书)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[17]兰瑞侠.心理健康教育[M].北京:中国传媒大学出版社2007,2.
[18]萧今,黎万红.发展经济中的教育与职业[M].天津:天津人民出版社,2002.
[19]俞国良.心理健康教育(教师用书)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[20]陆向阳.中学生心理健康[M].北京:群言出版社,2004,6.
[21]张大均.教育心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2001.
[22]郑日昌.中学生心理卫生[M]济南:山东教育出版社,2000.
[23]吴秀娟,陈子良.学生心理与班级管理[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1991.
[24]刘华山.学校心理辅导[M].合肥:安徽人民出版社,2002,4.
[25]张承芬.心理健康教育[M].济南:山东教育出版社2006,8.
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