基于轻量化装配模型的可视化协同装配CAPP研究
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摘要
随着先进制造技术的高速发展,机械制造行业普遍使用三维CAD系统进行产品设计,这些企业迫切希望将设计阶段生成的三维CAD模型应用于工艺设计阶段,可视化CAPP成了一个研究热点。随着网络技术的迅猛发展和网络制造模式的盛行,研究协同化CAPP有很强的需求性和一定的可行性,协同化CAPP成了另一个研究热点。基于此,本文研究了装配CAPP的可视化技术和协同技术,主要研究内容包括:
1.利用产品模型轻量化技术和三维装配特征提取方法,建立了占用磁盘空间小的轻量化装配模型,为协同化装配CAPP的实现奠定了基础。
2.将装配顺序信息用于装配顺序规划和决策过程,提出了基于树状层次结构模型的装配顺序规划方法。将爆炸视图功能和基于树状层次结构模型的装配顺序规划方法结合,实现了可视化装配CAPP。
3.利用集中式网络通信结构,“控制令牌”机制及协同数据的完整通信模式,建立了集中式网络通信体系结构的协同化装配CAPP。协同化装配CAPP采用发起会议的方式来实现,在协同会议通信网络中,协同服务器管理协同模型数据并负责向会议成员发送各种协同操作消息,保证了工艺设计的异地同步。
应用上述理论研究成果,本文结合国家高技术发展计划(国家863计划)先进制造技术领域专题项目“基于三维产品模型的集成化CAPP系统”(课题编号:2007AA040505),开发了协同化装配CAPP组件,并应用于华中科技大学自主研发三维可视化平台InteVue中。
With the rapid development of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, mechanical manufacturing industry generally use 3D CAD system for product design, these enterprises urgently want to utilize the CAD model information for CAPP. Also, with the rapid development of Network Technology, networked manufacturing is becoming a research hotspot. It’s necessary and feasible to do research on computer supported cooperative CAPP. Based on these factors, it’s reasonable to do research on the visual technology and cooperative technology of assembly CAPP. The main points are summarized as follows:
1. Resolve the building of 3D lightweight assembly model with the data compression technology and assembly feature extraction method. The model is comprised of integral geometric information and topology information and assembly information, so it can be used for 3D visual assembly operation. In addition, the data of lightweight model is much less than normal 3D model; so it can be quickly transmitted in the network, which makes it feasible to do research on cooperative assembly CAPP.
2. Provide an application of editing exploded view, which is helpful for the assembly process design and assembly simulation. The“Form down to up”assembly sequence information based on Hierarchy tree structure can be used for the planning of assembly sequence.
3. The network structure of cooperative CAPP is centralized structure, which contain only one server and multi clients. The cooperative data transmitted on the cooperative design environment is concurrent because the server managed all the cooperative data, which ensure the synchronization of cooperative CAPP. In addition, it is efficient to manage the session control with“Control Token”mechanism which is familiar with“time-sharing operating system”.
As an application of the above research, a module of cooperative CAPP has been accomplished. It’s embedded into 3D visual system—InteVue, which is supported by the 863—Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No. 2007AA040505).
1.利用产品模型轻量化技术和三维装配特征提取方法,建立了占用磁盘空间小的轻量化装配模型,为协同化装配CAPP的实现奠定了基础。
2.将装配顺序信息用于装配顺序规划和决策过程,提出了基于树状层次结构模型的装配顺序规划方法。将爆炸视图功能和基于树状层次结构模型的装配顺序规划方法结合,实现了可视化装配CAPP。
3.利用集中式网络通信结构,“控制令牌”机制及协同数据的完整通信模式,建立了集中式网络通信体系结构的协同化装配CAPP。协同化装配CAPP采用发起会议的方式来实现,在协同会议通信网络中,协同服务器管理协同模型数据并负责向会议成员发送各种协同操作消息,保证了工艺设计的异地同步。
应用上述理论研究成果,本文结合国家高技术发展计划(国家863计划)先进制造技术领域专题项目“基于三维产品模型的集成化CAPP系统”(课题编号:2007AA040505),开发了协同化装配CAPP组件,并应用于华中科技大学自主研发三维可视化平台InteVue中。
With the rapid development of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, mechanical manufacturing industry generally use 3D CAD system for product design, these enterprises urgently want to utilize the CAD model information for CAPP. Also, with the rapid development of Network Technology, networked manufacturing is becoming a research hotspot. It’s necessary and feasible to do research on computer supported cooperative CAPP. Based on these factors, it’s reasonable to do research on the visual technology and cooperative technology of assembly CAPP. The main points are summarized as follows:
1. Resolve the building of 3D lightweight assembly model with the data compression technology and assembly feature extraction method. The model is comprised of integral geometric information and topology information and assembly information, so it can be used for 3D visual assembly operation. In addition, the data of lightweight model is much less than normal 3D model; so it can be quickly transmitted in the network, which makes it feasible to do research on cooperative assembly CAPP.
2. Provide an application of editing exploded view, which is helpful for the assembly process design and assembly simulation. The“Form down to up”assembly sequence information based on Hierarchy tree structure can be used for the planning of assembly sequence.
3. The network structure of cooperative CAPP is centralized structure, which contain only one server and multi clients. The cooperative data transmitted on the cooperative design environment is concurrent because the server managed all the cooperative data, which ensure the synchronization of cooperative CAPP. In addition, it is efficient to manage the session control with“Control Token”mechanism which is familiar with“time-sharing operating system”.
As an application of the above research, a module of cooperative CAPP has been accomplished. It’s embedded into 3D visual system—InteVue, which is supported by the 863—Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No. 2007AA040505).
引文
[1]赵汝嘉,孙波.计算机辅助工艺设计(CAPP)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[2]姜爱林.21世纪初用信息化推动工业化的战略思考[J].高科技与产业化,2002,(01):12-16
[3]张振明,许建新,贾晓亮,田锡天.现代CAPP技术与应用[M].陕西:西北工业大学出版社,2003
[4]陈宗述.机械制造装配工艺设计与装配CAPP[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[5]宋平.信息技术是把双刃剑[J].北华航天工业学院学报,2007,17(06):27-30
[6]屠立,王耀.CAPP系统的开发现状和发展趋势[J].机电工程技术,2002,(04):9-10
[7]陈万领.CAPP深化应用的思考[J].中国制造业信息化,2004,(04):25-26
[8] Henry Lau, Bing Jiang. A generic integrated system from CAD to CAPP: a neutral file-cum-GT approach[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, 1998, 11(1-2):67-75
[9] Mangesh P.Bhandarkar, RakeshNagi. STEP-based feature extraction from STEP geometry for Agile Manufacturing[J]. Computers in Industry,2000,41:3-24
[10] J.P.Kruth, G.Van Zeir, J.Detand. Extracting process planning information from various wire frame and feature based CAD systems[J]. Computers in Industry, 1996,30:145-162
[11] M.Kang, J.Han, J.G.Moon. An approach for interlinking design and process planning[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003,139:589-595
[12] Kiritsis D.A reviewer of knowledge-based expert systems for process planning: methods and problems[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,1995(10):240-262
[13] Samuel H.Huang, Hong-Chao Zhang. Neural-expert hybrid approach for intelligent manufacturing: A survey[J]. Computer in Industry,1995(26): 107-126
[14] Horrath M, Markus A, Vancza J. Process planning with generic algorithms on results of knowledge-based reasoning[J]. Int J Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1996, 9(2):145- 166
[15] Gindy N N Z, Huang X,T M Ratchev. Feature-based component model for computer-aided process planning system[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, 1993(6)
[16] Case K. Using a Design by Features CAD System for Process Capability Modeling[J]. Int J Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1994,7(1):39-49
[17] Kalta M, davies B J. Guidelines for Building 2D CAD Models of Turned Components in CAD-CAPP Integration[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,1993
[18] Herman A, Lawley M, Lu S C Y, et al. An opportunistic approach to process planning within a concurrent engineering environment[J]. Annals of the CIRP,1993, 42(1):403-406
[19] D.Lutter, E. ten Brinke, A.H., Streppel, H.J.J.Kals. Computer aided process planning for sheet metal based on information management[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2000,103:120-127
[20] Xie SQ, Tu PL, Aitchison D, Dunlop R, Zhou ZD. A WWW-based integrated product development platform for sheet metal parts intelligent concurrent design and manufacturing[J]. Int J Prod Res,2001,39:3829-3852
[21] Wang HF, Zhang YL. CAD/CAM integrated system in collaborative development environment[J]. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 2002,18:135-145
[22] Kiritsis D. A review of knowledge-based expert systems for process planning: methods and problems[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,1995(10):240-262
[23] Usher J M, Bowden R O. The application of generic algorithms to operation sequencing for use in computer-aided process planning[J]. Computer & Industrial Engineering, 1996,30(4):999-1013
[24] Sohlenius G.. Concurrent Engineering[J]. Annals of the CIRP, 1992, 41(2): 645-655
[25] J Dong, H R Parsaef, et al. Manufacturing Process Planning in a concurrent design and manufacturing environment[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 1996,30(1):83-93
[26] Ssemakula M E, Cloyd W J. Functional specification of a dynamic process planning system[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,1994,27(1-4):99-102
[27] Krath J P.A CAPP System for Nonlinear Process Plans[J]. Annals of the CIRP,1992,41(1)
[28]许亮.设计结构向装配工艺结构映射的可视化系统研究与实现[D].华中科技大学,2007
[29]刘一良.协同设计系统及其关键技术的研究与实现[D].山东师范大学,2007
[30]吴学鹏.面向装配的设计(DFA)技术研究[J].机械研究与应用,2008,(03):22-23+26
[31]杨晓军.基于PDM的工艺信息管理的研究[J].计算机应用,2008,(4):32-35
[32]李多多,刘成颖,王先逵,李云龙.网络环境下分布式工艺设计过程管理[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2003,9(2):143-148
[33]于红雷.基于Web的工艺知识管理系统研究与开发[D].大连交通大学,2004
[34]刘云华,赵伟.机械产品模型自动装配动画的研究与实现[J].机械设计与制造,2007(03):6-8
[35]赵伟.基于轻量化模型的三维装配动画研究[D].华中科技大学,2006
[36]南风强等.面向精度的数字化产品装配模型研究及应用[J].中国机械工程,2007,18(9):1071-1075
[37]杨磊.协同产品开发中的产品模型轻量化技术研究[D].华中科技大学,2005
[38]楼健人,张树有,谭建荣,金哲凡.虚拟现实环境下产品装配特征信息的提取[J].机械设计,2002,(02):1-3+0
[39]魏晓明,杨春立.机械产品模型的研究与进展[J].组合机床与自动化技术,2003,(5):1-4
[40]刘清华,刘云华,万立.支持协同的3维轻量化模型与圈阅工具的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(9):1385-1390
[41]仇卫华,刘长毅.基于ACIS-HOOPS的工序图设计ActiveX控件开发[J].制造业自动化,2006,28(07):226-229
[42]史亮,管永刚,卜云峰.拖拉机离合器总成的虚拟装配设计[J].装备制造技术,2008,(08):51-52+59
[43]孙家广.计算机图形学(第三版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[44]卢小平.面向虚拟装配的装配顺序规划研究[J].系统仿真学报,2003,15(1):44-47
[45]赵海兵.基于三维CAD可视化装配CAPP系统的研究与开发[D].福州大学,2005
[46]刘云,刘志华,郑宏云.计算机网络实时教程(第二版)[M].北京;清华大学出版社,2006
[47]魏仁亮.轻量化CAD模型实时协同工具的研究与开发[D].广东工业大学,2008
[48]行开新,田凌.支持异地协同设计的异构CAD虚拟装配系统[J].清华大学学报,2009,49(2):226-231
[2]姜爱林.21世纪初用信息化推动工业化的战略思考[J].高科技与产业化,2002,(01):12-16
[3]张振明,许建新,贾晓亮,田锡天.现代CAPP技术与应用[M].陕西:西北工业大学出版社,2003
[4]陈宗述.机械制造装配工艺设计与装配CAPP[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[5]宋平.信息技术是把双刃剑[J].北华航天工业学院学报,2007,17(06):27-30
[6]屠立,王耀.CAPP系统的开发现状和发展趋势[J].机电工程技术,2002,(04):9-10
[7]陈万领.CAPP深化应用的思考[J].中国制造业信息化,2004,(04):25-26
[8] Henry Lau, Bing Jiang. A generic integrated system from CAD to CAPP: a neutral file-cum-GT approach[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, 1998, 11(1-2):67-75
[9] Mangesh P.Bhandarkar, RakeshNagi. STEP-based feature extraction from STEP geometry for Agile Manufacturing[J]. Computers in Industry,2000,41:3-24
[10] J.P.Kruth, G.Van Zeir, J.Detand. Extracting process planning information from various wire frame and feature based CAD systems[J]. Computers in Industry, 1996,30:145-162
[11] M.Kang, J.Han, J.G.Moon. An approach for interlinking design and process planning[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003,139:589-595
[12] Kiritsis D.A reviewer of knowledge-based expert systems for process planning: methods and problems[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,1995(10):240-262
[13] Samuel H.Huang, Hong-Chao Zhang. Neural-expert hybrid approach for intelligent manufacturing: A survey[J]. Computer in Industry,1995(26): 107-126
[14] Horrath M, Markus A, Vancza J. Process planning with generic algorithms on results of knowledge-based reasoning[J]. Int J Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1996, 9(2):145- 166
[15] Gindy N N Z, Huang X,T M Ratchev. Feature-based component model for computer-aided process planning system[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, 1993(6)
[16] Case K. Using a Design by Features CAD System for Process Capability Modeling[J]. Int J Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1994,7(1):39-49
[17] Kalta M, davies B J. Guidelines for Building 2D CAD Models of Turned Components in CAD-CAPP Integration[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,1993
[18] Herman A, Lawley M, Lu S C Y, et al. An opportunistic approach to process planning within a concurrent engineering environment[J]. Annals of the CIRP,1993, 42(1):403-406
[19] D.Lutter, E. ten Brinke, A.H., Streppel, H.J.J.Kals. Computer aided process planning for sheet metal based on information management[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2000,103:120-127
[20] Xie SQ, Tu PL, Aitchison D, Dunlop R, Zhou ZD. A WWW-based integrated product development platform for sheet metal parts intelligent concurrent design and manufacturing[J]. Int J Prod Res,2001,39:3829-3852
[21] Wang HF, Zhang YL. CAD/CAM integrated system in collaborative development environment[J]. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 2002,18:135-145
[22] Kiritsis D. A review of knowledge-based expert systems for process planning: methods and problems[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,1995(10):240-262
[23] Usher J M, Bowden R O. The application of generic algorithms to operation sequencing for use in computer-aided process planning[J]. Computer & Industrial Engineering, 1996,30(4):999-1013
[24] Sohlenius G.. Concurrent Engineering[J]. Annals of the CIRP, 1992, 41(2): 645-655
[25] J Dong, H R Parsaef, et al. Manufacturing Process Planning in a concurrent design and manufacturing environment[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 1996,30(1):83-93
[26] Ssemakula M E, Cloyd W J. Functional specification of a dynamic process planning system[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,1994,27(1-4):99-102
[27] Krath J P.A CAPP System for Nonlinear Process Plans[J]. Annals of the CIRP,1992,41(1)
[28]许亮.设计结构向装配工艺结构映射的可视化系统研究与实现[D].华中科技大学,2007
[29]刘一良.协同设计系统及其关键技术的研究与实现[D].山东师范大学,2007
[30]吴学鹏.面向装配的设计(DFA)技术研究[J].机械研究与应用,2008,(03):22-23+26
[31]杨晓军.基于PDM的工艺信息管理的研究[J].计算机应用,2008,(4):32-35
[32]李多多,刘成颖,王先逵,李云龙.网络环境下分布式工艺设计过程管理[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2003,9(2):143-148
[33]于红雷.基于Web的工艺知识管理系统研究与开发[D].大连交通大学,2004
[34]刘云华,赵伟.机械产品模型自动装配动画的研究与实现[J].机械设计与制造,2007(03):6-8
[35]赵伟.基于轻量化模型的三维装配动画研究[D].华中科技大学,2006
[36]南风强等.面向精度的数字化产品装配模型研究及应用[J].中国机械工程,2007,18(9):1071-1075
[37]杨磊.协同产品开发中的产品模型轻量化技术研究[D].华中科技大学,2005
[38]楼健人,张树有,谭建荣,金哲凡.虚拟现实环境下产品装配特征信息的提取[J].机械设计,2002,(02):1-3+0
[39]魏晓明,杨春立.机械产品模型的研究与进展[J].组合机床与自动化技术,2003,(5):1-4
[40]刘清华,刘云华,万立.支持协同的3维轻量化模型与圈阅工具的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(9):1385-1390
[41]仇卫华,刘长毅.基于ACIS-HOOPS的工序图设计ActiveX控件开发[J].制造业自动化,2006,28(07):226-229
[42]史亮,管永刚,卜云峰.拖拉机离合器总成的虚拟装配设计[J].装备制造技术,2008,(08):51-52+59
[43]孙家广.计算机图形学(第三版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[44]卢小平.面向虚拟装配的装配顺序规划研究[J].系统仿真学报,2003,15(1):44-47
[45]赵海兵.基于三维CAD可视化装配CAPP系统的研究与开发[D].福州大学,2005
[46]刘云,刘志华,郑宏云.计算机网络实时教程(第二版)[M].北京;清华大学出版社,2006
[47]魏仁亮.轻量化CAD模型实时协同工具的研究与开发[D].广东工业大学,2008
[48]行开新,田凌.支持异地协同设计的异构CAD虚拟装配系统[J].清华大学学报,2009,49(2):226-231
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