工业循环水泵站的能耗测评及优化运行研究
|
摘要
节能降耗是我国经济和社会发展的一项长远战略。近年来各种节能降耗的措施、政策和目标在不断制订和完善,同时政府也相应投入大量资金用于支持节能降耗项目的开展。水泵站作为我国重要的通用机械和耗能设备,涉及多项政策措施和工程项目。因此,水泵及其系统的节能降耗具有重要的意义。
能耗测试是对水泵及其系统运行做出能耗评价的前提,而水泵机组的优化运行与配置的经济性是实现泵站经济运行的重要方面,现有泵站主要采用阀门调节方式运行、相同型号水泵机组单调速运行或者相同型号水泵全调速方式运行。本文以某氧化铝循环水泵站为工程背景,开展了泵站能耗测评及优化运行与设备经济配置方案的研究,所做的主要工作如下:
1.对水泵在变工况条件下运行时,水力能耗和机械能耗重积分计算的几何意义进行了详细讨论,提出了基于泵站流量运行规律的水泵运行效率的计算方法,解决了泵本身的效率无法反应系统某段时间内不同工况运行的问题。
2.针对泵系统运行的节能空间分析预测存在的问题,提出了水泵系统供水能耗率的评价方法,该方法反映了泵系统的供需关系。
3.根据水泵运行机理,分析了不同调节方法对水泵运行工况的能耗影响,提出了不同情况下水泵实际特性和装置实际特性的在线测试方法,并对某氧化铝循环水泵站中水泵的能耗进行了测试,详细分析了该泵站某天的水力能耗、机械能耗、运行效率和供水能耗率等能耗指标。
4.针对目前大部分泵站采用相同水泵型号配置和变频器价格昂贵的现状,研究分析了单变频器配置条件下的泵站水泵运行效率低的原因,提出了增加一台小过渡泵来提高运行效率的策略,并建立了基于该配置的优化运行模型,以水泵轴功率最小为目标函数,模型中考虑了开机因子和调速比,约束条件有总流量约束、等扬程约束、高效区约束和最小调速比约束,用MATLAB遗传算法工具进行仿真计算,解决了泵站节能策略的经济性和实时性问题。
Energy-saving is a long-term strategy for China in the economy and society development. In recent years, various measures, policies, and objectives of energy-saving are developed and refined constantly. Meanwhile, the government has also invested a lot of money to support the energy-saving projects. As the main energy consumption equipments in our country, pump is involved in many policies, measures and projects. Therefore, water pump and its system play a significant role in reducing energy consumption.
The energy consumption test is the prerequisite for energy consumption assessment of the pump and its system operation. While, the important aspect of the pump station economy operation is the optimal scheduling and the configuration of economical efficiency of pump station. At present, the adjustment of the pump station operation is mainly adjusted by valve, adjusted by signal invert with the same type pumps and adjusted by full invert with same type pumps. So, some research on energy consumption test and the optimal scheduling of the pump station based on the engineering background with an aluminum water pump station was carried on in this article. The main work and the achievement are as follows:
1. The geometric meanings of multiple integral calculation, both hydraulic energy consumption and mechanical energy consumption, are discussed in detail when the pump operates under variable conditions. And a new method calculated operational efficiency of the pump station based on the run rules of the pump flow rate has been established to solve the problem that the efficiency of the pump itself can't reflect different operating condition within a certain period.
2. Aiming at the issues in predicting the energy-saving space of the pump system operation, a method of evaluating the energy consumption rate of water pump system is proposed, which reflects the relation between the supply and demand.
3. According to the principles of pump running, energy consumption under different operating modes is analyzed. And then an on-line monitoring method of the actual pump characteristics and pipeline system characteristics is presented. By this method, the pumps of an alumina circulating water pump station are tested and their performances such as hydraulic power, mechanical power and operation efficiency and so on are analyzed.
4. Aiming at the situations that pumps of the same model are used in most pump stations and the price of frequency converter is too high, the reasons are analyzed for the low efficiency of pump assembly operating under the single frequency converter configuration condition. A strategy of adding a small transitional pump is put forward to increase operation efficiency and a model based on this strategy is constructed with the minimum shaft power being objective function. In this model, the starting factor and speed regulation ratio are taken into consideration and the constraints include the total flow, the equal head, the high efficiency zones and the minimum speed regulation ratio. The model is simulated by the MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox and it solves the problems of the economy efficiency and real time of energy-saving strategy in the pump station.
能耗测试是对水泵及其系统运行做出能耗评价的前提,而水泵机组的优化运行与配置的经济性是实现泵站经济运行的重要方面,现有泵站主要采用阀门调节方式运行、相同型号水泵机组单调速运行或者相同型号水泵全调速方式运行。本文以某氧化铝循环水泵站为工程背景,开展了泵站能耗测评及优化运行与设备经济配置方案的研究,所做的主要工作如下:
1.对水泵在变工况条件下运行时,水力能耗和机械能耗重积分计算的几何意义进行了详细讨论,提出了基于泵站流量运行规律的水泵运行效率的计算方法,解决了泵本身的效率无法反应系统某段时间内不同工况运行的问题。
2.针对泵系统运行的节能空间分析预测存在的问题,提出了水泵系统供水能耗率的评价方法,该方法反映了泵系统的供需关系。
3.根据水泵运行机理,分析了不同调节方法对水泵运行工况的能耗影响,提出了不同情况下水泵实际特性和装置实际特性的在线测试方法,并对某氧化铝循环水泵站中水泵的能耗进行了测试,详细分析了该泵站某天的水力能耗、机械能耗、运行效率和供水能耗率等能耗指标。
4.针对目前大部分泵站采用相同水泵型号配置和变频器价格昂贵的现状,研究分析了单变频器配置条件下的泵站水泵运行效率低的原因,提出了增加一台小过渡泵来提高运行效率的策略,并建立了基于该配置的优化运行模型,以水泵轴功率最小为目标函数,模型中考虑了开机因子和调速比,约束条件有总流量约束、等扬程约束、高效区约束和最小调速比约束,用MATLAB遗传算法工具进行仿真计算,解决了泵站节能策略的经济性和实时性问题。
Energy-saving is a long-term strategy for China in the economy and society development. In recent years, various measures, policies, and objectives of energy-saving are developed and refined constantly. Meanwhile, the government has also invested a lot of money to support the energy-saving projects. As the main energy consumption equipments in our country, pump is involved in many policies, measures and projects. Therefore, water pump and its system play a significant role in reducing energy consumption.
The energy consumption test is the prerequisite for energy consumption assessment of the pump and its system operation. While, the important aspect of the pump station economy operation is the optimal scheduling and the configuration of economical efficiency of pump station. At present, the adjustment of the pump station operation is mainly adjusted by valve, adjusted by signal invert with the same type pumps and adjusted by full invert with same type pumps. So, some research on energy consumption test and the optimal scheduling of the pump station based on the engineering background with an aluminum water pump station was carried on in this article. The main work and the achievement are as follows:
1. The geometric meanings of multiple integral calculation, both hydraulic energy consumption and mechanical energy consumption, are discussed in detail when the pump operates under variable conditions. And a new method calculated operational efficiency of the pump station based on the run rules of the pump flow rate has been established to solve the problem that the efficiency of the pump itself can't reflect different operating condition within a certain period.
2. Aiming at the issues in predicting the energy-saving space of the pump system operation, a method of evaluating the energy consumption rate of water pump system is proposed, which reflects the relation between the supply and demand.
3. According to the principles of pump running, energy consumption under different operating modes is analyzed. And then an on-line monitoring method of the actual pump characteristics and pipeline system characteristics is presented. By this method, the pumps of an alumina circulating water pump station are tested and their performances such as hydraulic power, mechanical power and operation efficiency and so on are analyzed.
4. Aiming at the situations that pumps of the same model are used in most pump stations and the price of frequency converter is too high, the reasons are analyzed for the low efficiency of pump assembly operating under the single frequency converter configuration condition. A strategy of adding a small transitional pump is put forward to increase operation efficiency and a model based on this strategy is constructed with the minimum shaft power being objective function. In this model, the starting factor and speed regulation ratio are taken into consideration and the constraints include the total flow, the equal head, the high efficiency zones and the minimum speed regulation ratio. The model is simulated by the MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox and it solves the problems of the economy efficiency and real time of energy-saving strategy in the pump station.
引文
[1]黄秉政.调速泵供水设计几个问题的讨论[J].给水排水,1994,(4):10-13
[2]祁永林.离心泵的调节方式及其能耗分析[J].煤矿机械,2005(1):105-107
[3]干浙民.恒压变流量供水系统中值得研讨的几个问题[J].排灌机械,1997(1):16-19
[4]符永正.管路特性对泵与风机变速调节机能效益的影响[J].中国给水排水,1999,15(9):26-28
[5]王荣涛,王新江,闫振启等.变频调速变压变量供水及数据采集系统的设计研究[J].山东建材学院学报,1995,(3):9-12
[6]戴红霞,李斌.关于泵站现场测试中流量测量问题[J].水利科技与经济,2005,11(2):106-108
[7]李继珊.泵站测试技术[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1986
[8]赵宝康,刘孟,汤跃.污水泵站运行能耗测试与分析[J].水泵技术,2008(2):16-19
[9]任力,王光辉,花文胜等.水泵现场测试技术探讨[J].供水技术,2008,2(3):34-36
[10]汤跃,袁寿其,李红等.排污泵站水泵特性的现场检测与运行诊断[J].中国农村水利水电,2008(5):94-96
[11]邱传忻.泵站节能技术[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1984
[12]刘超.泵站经济运行[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1995
[13]Pelli T,Hitz H U.Energy indicators and savings in water supply[J].American Water Works Association,2000,92(6):55-62
[14]王圃,龙腾锐,文屹.给水泵站的水泵优选及节能改造[J].中国给水排水,2004(10):81-83
[15]丘传忻,李继珊.泵站改造[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[16]GB/T 13469-2008,离心泵、混流泵、轴流泵和旋涡泵系统经济运行[S]
[17]汪安南,丘传忻.水泵优化选型的整数规划法[J].农田水利与小水电,1991(12):18-21
[18]汪安南,伍杰.大型轴流泵站最优运行方式探讨[J].中国农村水利水电,1993(11):36-38
[19]吴建华,郭天恩,王文龙.泵站最优流量分配的节能研究[J],节能,1995(2):12-13
[20]刘家春.泵站经济运行方案的确定[J].水泵技术,1998(2):42-44
[21]冯平,胡明罡,刘尚为等.引滦入津引供水枢纽泵站机组的优化调度[J].水利发电学报,2001(4):90-95
[22]陈守伦,芮钧,徐青等.泵站日优化运行调度研究[J].水电能源科学,2003,21(3):82-83
[23]Goldberg,D E.Genetic Algorithms in search,Optimization and Machine Learning [M].Boston:Addison-Wesley Publication,1989
[24]Yagi S,Shiba S.Application of genetic algorithms and fuzzy control to a combined sewer pumping station[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,39(9):217-224
[25]Rodin S I.Use of genetic algorithms for optimal control of bulk water supply[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2004,130(5):357-365
[26]杨西侠、廖莉、林家恒.基于遗传算法的供水泵站优化控制研究[J].应用基础与工程学科学报,1999,7(2):209-214
[27]杨鹏,纪晓华,史旺旺.基于模拟退火算法的泵站的优化调度[J].排灌机械,2001,19(6):28-30
[28]廖莉、林家恒、张承慧.用遗传算法求解水泵站的效率优化问题lJl.中国工程科学,2002,4(9):54-58
[29]王毅,曹树良.遗传算法在并联水泵优化运行中的应用[J].流体机械,2003,31(10):22-25
[30]吴凤雁,张雷,刘东梅.混合遗传算法在泵站运行中的应用[J].水泵技术,2004(6):32-36
[31]夏东伟,张承慧,石庆升.电厂循环水系统优化控制及其遗传算法求解[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2005,35(4):50-55
[32]李彬,李平夫.泵站优化调度中考虑一次性开机约束的改进遗传算法[J].水利水电技术,2006,37(8):94-96
[33]龚志鹏,刘小莉,高林峰等.基于遗传算法的污水输送泵站优化调度fJl.系统仿真技术,2007,3(1):36-40
[34]吴民强.泵与风机技能技术问答[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[35]袁建平,何志霞,袁寿其.二次加压泵站的运行调节与节能分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2008(5):100-102
[36]Williams A A.the performance of centrifugal pumps:a comparison of prediction methods[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part A:Journal of power and energy(S0957-6509),1994,2008(1):59-66
[37]Nourbakhsh A,Jaumotte A,Hirsch C,et al.Turbo pumps and Pumping Systems[M].New York:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2007:17-30
[38]姜乃昌.水泵及水泵站[M].北京:中国建设工业出版社,1998
[39]严登丰.泵站工程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[40]王圃,陆柯,李江涛等.一种衡量供水系统能耗合理性的新指标[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005,27(3):76-79
[41]王圃,龙腾锐,卢柯等.城市给水处理厂能耗研究进展.给水排水[J].2005,31(1):93-97
[42]陆晓烽,王建中,鲁仁泉.城市排水泵站系统节能技术研究[J].中国水运,2007,7(10):130-131
[43]Walski T M.Realizing energy savings in water system operation[J].ASCE Conf,Water Resources Planning and Management,1989,441-444
[44]Vogelsang H.Energy savings in pump systems[J].World Pumps,2008,503:26-30
[45]邢文循,谢金星.现代优化计算方法(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[46]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法:理论、应用与软件实现[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002
[47]雷英杰,张善文,李续武等.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006
[48]李正国,夏向阳.水泵节能控制算法的实践应用[J].长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),2005,20(2):38-41
[49]周龙才,赵天宇.泵站变速节能的优化计算[J].中国农村水利水电,2001(2):42-44
[50]汪建华,王本德.基于遗传算法的取水泵站优化运行[J].长江大学学报(自然版),2005,2(10):326-328
[51]Dandy G C,Engelhardt M.Optimal scheduling of water pipe replacement using genetic algorithms[J].Journal of water resources planning and management,ASCE,2001,127(4):214-223
[52]张承慧,夏东伟,李洪斌等.城市水工业系统泵站优化调度问题建模方法研究[J].控 制与决策,2004,19(5):582-585
[53]Robin W,Mohd S.Evaluation of genetic algorithms for optimal reservoir system operation[J[.Journal of water resources planning and management,1999,(1-2):25-33
[54]廖莉,张承慧,林家恒等.基于胞腔排除双种群遗传算法的泵站优化调度[J].控制理论与应用,2004,(2):63-69
[55]鄢碧鹏,杜晓蕾,刘超等.基于遗传算法和神经网络的泵站经济运行研究[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(1):80-82
[56]储训.大型水泵变速调节运行方案[J].水泵技术,2001(1):29-32
[57]陈虹,刘正意,史旺旺.基于模拟退火算法的供水泵站优化调度[J].排灌机械,2003,21(5):34-36
[58]陈虹,史旺旺,贾建军.基于遗传算法的变频调速供水系统的优化决策[J].2001(6):24-26
[59]侯岱云,孙韶光.基于遗传算的供水泵站优化调度[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2003,33(1):25-28
[60]计及变频器和电机损耗的全变速泵站效率优化控制[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(5):52-57
[61]张承慧,赵敏,刘红波等.城市水厂全变频调速泵群优化控制策略[J].上海交通大学学报,2004,38(4):564-569
[62]Fang S C,Puthenpura S.Linear optimization and extensions theory algorithm[J].Prentice,Hall Inc,1993:48-69
[63]Mahdi Moradi-Jal.Optimal design and operation of irrigation,pumping stations[J].Journal of Irrigation And Drainage Engineering,2003(5):149-155
[64]Patricio Planells Alandi.Pumping selection and regulation for water-distribution networks[J].Journal of Irrigation And Drainage Engineering,2005(5):273-281
[65]Mahdi Moradi-Jala.Use of genetic algorithm in optimization of irrigation pumping tations[J].Journal of Irrigation And Drainage Engineering,2004(9):357-365
[66]Rodin S I.Use of genetic algorithms for optimal control of bulk water supply[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2004,130(5):357-365
[67]Zheng Wu,Paul Boulos,Werner De Schaetzen,et al.Using genetic algorithms for water distribution system optimization[R].World Water Congress,2001
[68]Vilas Nitivattananon,Elaine C Sadowski,Rafael GQunimpo.Optimization of water supply operation[J].Water Resources Planning and Management,1996,122(5):374-384
[69]陈广州,解华明,鲁祥友.Matlab遗传算法工具箱在非线性优化中的应用[J].计算机技术与发展,2008,18(3):246-248
[70]陈秋莲,王成栋.基于Matlab遗传算法工具箱的优化计算实现[J].现代电子技术,2007(2):124-129
[71]于玲,贾春强.Matlab遗传算法工具箱函数及应用实例[J].机械工程师,2004(11):27-28
[72]谢勤岚,陈红,陶秋生.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱的设计[J].计算机与数字工程,2003,31(3):37-40
[73]刘鲭沽,陈桂明,杨旗.基于Matlab工具的遗传算法求解有约束最优化问题[J].兵工自动化,2008,27(11):43-44
[74]薛定宇,陈阳泉.高等应用数学问题的MATLAB求解[M].清华大学出版社,2004
[2]祁永林.离心泵的调节方式及其能耗分析[J].煤矿机械,2005(1):105-107
[3]干浙民.恒压变流量供水系统中值得研讨的几个问题[J].排灌机械,1997(1):16-19
[4]符永正.管路特性对泵与风机变速调节机能效益的影响[J].中国给水排水,1999,15(9):26-28
[5]王荣涛,王新江,闫振启等.变频调速变压变量供水及数据采集系统的设计研究[J].山东建材学院学报,1995,(3):9-12
[6]戴红霞,李斌.关于泵站现场测试中流量测量问题[J].水利科技与经济,2005,11(2):106-108
[7]李继珊.泵站测试技术[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1986
[8]赵宝康,刘孟,汤跃.污水泵站运行能耗测试与分析[J].水泵技术,2008(2):16-19
[9]任力,王光辉,花文胜等.水泵现场测试技术探讨[J].供水技术,2008,2(3):34-36
[10]汤跃,袁寿其,李红等.排污泵站水泵特性的现场检测与运行诊断[J].中国农村水利水电,2008(5):94-96
[11]邱传忻.泵站节能技术[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1984
[12]刘超.泵站经济运行[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1995
[13]Pelli T,Hitz H U.Energy indicators and savings in water supply[J].American Water Works Association,2000,92(6):55-62
[14]王圃,龙腾锐,文屹.给水泵站的水泵优选及节能改造[J].中国给水排水,2004(10):81-83
[15]丘传忻,李继珊.泵站改造[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[16]GB/T 13469-2008,离心泵、混流泵、轴流泵和旋涡泵系统经济运行[S]
[17]汪安南,丘传忻.水泵优化选型的整数规划法[J].农田水利与小水电,1991(12):18-21
[18]汪安南,伍杰.大型轴流泵站最优运行方式探讨[J].中国农村水利水电,1993(11):36-38
[19]吴建华,郭天恩,王文龙.泵站最优流量分配的节能研究[J],节能,1995(2):12-13
[20]刘家春.泵站经济运行方案的确定[J].水泵技术,1998(2):42-44
[21]冯平,胡明罡,刘尚为等.引滦入津引供水枢纽泵站机组的优化调度[J].水利发电学报,2001(4):90-95
[22]陈守伦,芮钧,徐青等.泵站日优化运行调度研究[J].水电能源科学,2003,21(3):82-83
[23]Goldberg,D E.Genetic Algorithms in search,Optimization and Machine Learning [M].Boston:Addison-Wesley Publication,1989
[24]Yagi S,Shiba S.Application of genetic algorithms and fuzzy control to a combined sewer pumping station[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,39(9):217-224
[25]Rodin S I.Use of genetic algorithms for optimal control of bulk water supply[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2004,130(5):357-365
[26]杨西侠、廖莉、林家恒.基于遗传算法的供水泵站优化控制研究[J].应用基础与工程学科学报,1999,7(2):209-214
[27]杨鹏,纪晓华,史旺旺.基于模拟退火算法的泵站的优化调度[J].排灌机械,2001,19(6):28-30
[28]廖莉、林家恒、张承慧.用遗传算法求解水泵站的效率优化问题lJl.中国工程科学,2002,4(9):54-58
[29]王毅,曹树良.遗传算法在并联水泵优化运行中的应用[J].流体机械,2003,31(10):22-25
[30]吴凤雁,张雷,刘东梅.混合遗传算法在泵站运行中的应用[J].水泵技术,2004(6):32-36
[31]夏东伟,张承慧,石庆升.电厂循环水系统优化控制及其遗传算法求解[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2005,35(4):50-55
[32]李彬,李平夫.泵站优化调度中考虑一次性开机约束的改进遗传算法[J].水利水电技术,2006,37(8):94-96
[33]龚志鹏,刘小莉,高林峰等.基于遗传算法的污水输送泵站优化调度fJl.系统仿真技术,2007,3(1):36-40
[34]吴民强.泵与风机技能技术问答[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[35]袁建平,何志霞,袁寿其.二次加压泵站的运行调节与节能分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2008(5):100-102
[36]Williams A A.the performance of centrifugal pumps:a comparison of prediction methods[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part A:Journal of power and energy(S0957-6509),1994,2008(1):59-66
[37]Nourbakhsh A,Jaumotte A,Hirsch C,et al.Turbo pumps and Pumping Systems[M].New York:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2007:17-30
[38]姜乃昌.水泵及水泵站[M].北京:中国建设工业出版社,1998
[39]严登丰.泵站工程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[40]王圃,陆柯,李江涛等.一种衡量供水系统能耗合理性的新指标[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005,27(3):76-79
[41]王圃,龙腾锐,卢柯等.城市给水处理厂能耗研究进展.给水排水[J].2005,31(1):93-97
[42]陆晓烽,王建中,鲁仁泉.城市排水泵站系统节能技术研究[J].中国水运,2007,7(10):130-131
[43]Walski T M.Realizing energy savings in water system operation[J].ASCE Conf,Water Resources Planning and Management,1989,441-444
[44]Vogelsang H.Energy savings in pump systems[J].World Pumps,2008,503:26-30
[45]邢文循,谢金星.现代优化计算方法(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[46]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法:理论、应用与软件实现[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002
[47]雷英杰,张善文,李续武等.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006
[48]李正国,夏向阳.水泵节能控制算法的实践应用[J].长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),2005,20(2):38-41
[49]周龙才,赵天宇.泵站变速节能的优化计算[J].中国农村水利水电,2001(2):42-44
[50]汪建华,王本德.基于遗传算法的取水泵站优化运行[J].长江大学学报(自然版),2005,2(10):326-328
[51]Dandy G C,Engelhardt M.Optimal scheduling of water pipe replacement using genetic algorithms[J].Journal of water resources planning and management,ASCE,2001,127(4):214-223
[52]张承慧,夏东伟,李洪斌等.城市水工业系统泵站优化调度问题建模方法研究[J].控 制与决策,2004,19(5):582-585
[53]Robin W,Mohd S.Evaluation of genetic algorithms for optimal reservoir system operation[J[.Journal of water resources planning and management,1999,(1-2):25-33
[54]廖莉,张承慧,林家恒等.基于胞腔排除双种群遗传算法的泵站优化调度[J].控制理论与应用,2004,(2):63-69
[55]鄢碧鹏,杜晓蕾,刘超等.基于遗传算法和神经网络的泵站经济运行研究[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(1):80-82
[56]储训.大型水泵变速调节运行方案[J].水泵技术,2001(1):29-32
[57]陈虹,刘正意,史旺旺.基于模拟退火算法的供水泵站优化调度[J].排灌机械,2003,21(5):34-36
[58]陈虹,史旺旺,贾建军.基于遗传算法的变频调速供水系统的优化决策[J].2001(6):24-26
[59]侯岱云,孙韶光.基于遗传算的供水泵站优化调度[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2003,33(1):25-28
[60]计及变频器和电机损耗的全变速泵站效率优化控制[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(5):52-57
[61]张承慧,赵敏,刘红波等.城市水厂全变频调速泵群优化控制策略[J].上海交通大学学报,2004,38(4):564-569
[62]Fang S C,Puthenpura S.Linear optimization and extensions theory algorithm[J].Prentice,Hall Inc,1993:48-69
[63]Mahdi Moradi-Jal.Optimal design and operation of irrigation,pumping stations[J].Journal of Irrigation And Drainage Engineering,2003(5):149-155
[64]Patricio Planells Alandi.Pumping selection and regulation for water-distribution networks[J].Journal of Irrigation And Drainage Engineering,2005(5):273-281
[65]Mahdi Moradi-Jala.Use of genetic algorithm in optimization of irrigation pumping tations[J].Journal of Irrigation And Drainage Engineering,2004(9):357-365
[66]Rodin S I.Use of genetic algorithms for optimal control of bulk water supply[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2004,130(5):357-365
[67]Zheng Wu,Paul Boulos,Werner De Schaetzen,et al.Using genetic algorithms for water distribution system optimization[R].World Water Congress,2001
[68]Vilas Nitivattananon,Elaine C Sadowski,Rafael GQunimpo.Optimization of water supply operation[J].Water Resources Planning and Management,1996,122(5):374-384
[69]陈广州,解华明,鲁祥友.Matlab遗传算法工具箱在非线性优化中的应用[J].计算机技术与发展,2008,18(3):246-248
[70]陈秋莲,王成栋.基于Matlab遗传算法工具箱的优化计算实现[J].现代电子技术,2007(2):124-129
[71]于玲,贾春强.Matlab遗传算法工具箱函数及应用实例[J].机械工程师,2004(11):27-28
[72]谢勤岚,陈红,陶秋生.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱的设计[J].计算机与数字工程,2003,31(3):37-40
[73]刘鲭沽,陈桂明,杨旗.基于Matlab工具的遗传算法求解有约束最优化问题[J].兵工自动化,2008,27(11):43-44
[74]薛定宇,陈阳泉.高等应用数学问题的MATLAB求解[M].清华大学出版社,2004