江汉平原耕地资源利用效率研究
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摘要
耕地资源是人类最宝贵的自然资源之一,也是人类社会生存与发展的物质基础。江汉平原是我国最负盛名的商品粮基地之一,农业资源丰富、区位优势明显,是长江经济带的经济发展所依仗的农业经济基础。但是由于耕地资源数量的有限性,江汉平原农业发展必须向选择培育和保护资源、优化生态环境,对耕地资源实行合理开发、利用和保护,并依靠科技进步,挖掘现有耕地资源潜力,增值耕地资源,以提高耕地资源利用效率,实现农业的可持续发展。
本研究首先详细阐述研究主题的背景与意义,全面梳理国内外文献综述,对研究区域进行初步的界定,以及研究目的与研究内容体系的架构;其次,以资源稀缺理论、外部性理论、边际报酬递减理论为耕地资源利用效率问题的产生寻求理论支撑,以农业区位理论、人地和谐理论、可持续发展理论为耕地资源利用效率问题的解决寻求理论支撑;再次,从农户家庭特征、耕地利用结构、农户生产投入与经营收入以及农户耕地利用行为的主观意愿等四个主要方面调查分析了江汉平原耕地资源利用现状。主要结论显示农户中拥有初中学历的比重最大、在耕地经营中兼业情况普遍。耕地结构特征上,江汉平原耕地分散化、细碎化程度比较高。在耕地投入与经营收入上,种植业收入占39%,已经不是农户总收入的最主要来源,但仍占居举足轻重的地位。耕地利用中,就作物不同种类而言,目前粮食作物给农民带来的销售收入最大,其次是经济作物、其他作物;在农户耕地利用行为的主观意愿上,绝大部分农户认为化肥农药投入相对于产出而言较多,应加强耕地资源管理水平以提高耕地资源的利用效率,并实行耕地规模化、加强农业教育培训及加大农业补贴力度。同时进一步通过回归分析发现文化程度、耕地的细碎化程度、化肥和农药的投入、国家补贴与种植业收入存在着正相关关系,而劳动力人数与种植业收入存在着负相关关系。第四,选择12个典型县市地区进行了江汉平原耕地资源利用效率的DEA评价,发现江汉平原耕地平均综合效率变化可以分为四个阶段:2001～2002年大幅下降、2002～2003年大幅上升、2003～2004年小幅下降、2004～2007年平稳上升。同时根据综合效率区域差异将江汉平原分为综合效率相对较高、综合效率相对较低两个区域,并从技术和规模角度分析了综合效率较低区域,发现仙桃市、江陵县综合效率较低的原因主要归结于其较低的规模效率,天门市、洪湖市则归因于相对均较低的纯技术效率和规模效率,松滋市则主要归因于纯技术效率不高。在DEA评价的基础上进一步分析了天门市、松滋市、洪湖市三个地区的耕地产出与投入有效性。最后,从农户意识、耕地经营制度、耕地利用结构、财政投入、农村教育等五个方面提出提高江汉平原耕地资源利用效率的政策建议。
Cultivated land resources is one of the most valuable natural resources of human beings, but also the basic material for human society to survive and develop. Jianghan plain is one of China's most famous bases of commodity grain production. Its rich agricultural resources and location advantages are the agricultural economic base relied by economic development of the Yangtze River economic belt. However, because of the limited quantity of cultivated land resources, the people should select and protect resouces and optimize the ecological environment for the agricultural development of Jianghan plain. In order to tapping the potential of the existing cultivated land resources, land value-added resources ,and then to improving the resource use efficiency of cultivated land and sustainable agricultural development, the people have to exploiting rationally, using and protecting land resources, and relying on scientific and technological progress.
First of all, this thesis in detail the background and the significance of the study, carding a comprehensive literature review at home and abroad, on a preliminary study to define the region, as well as the preparation of this study, the technical route; Secondly, followed by a scarcity of resources theory, externality theory, the marginal returns theoretical to find theoretical support to the causes of problems of cultivated land using efficiency. Agricultural location theory, theory of people in a harmonious and sustainable development theory to find the theoretical support to solving the problems of cultivated land using efficiency; Thirdly, investigating and analying the status of cultivated land resource utilization in Jianghan palin from four main aspects including characteristics of farmers, land-use structure, farmers with production inputs and operating income, the willing of farmers using cultivated land. The main conclusions show that farmers have the largest proportion of middle school education, in the land business and industry in general. Structural characteristics including a relatively high degree of chronology and decentralization of cultivated land in Jianghan plain. At the input and operating income of cultivated land, the plant industry accounted for 39 percent of income, which is not the most important source of revenues for the farmers, but still has a pivotal position. In relation to different types of crops, currently food crops give farmers the most sales revenue, followed by economic crops, other crops; The vast majority of farmers think that the input of chemical fertilizer and pesticide is much more compared with the output, should strengthen management of cultivated land in order to improve the efficiency of the use of cultivated, and scale of the implementation of farmland, strengthen the agricultural education and training and policy efforts of the agricultural subsidies. At the same time, through regression analysis showed that education level, the degree of fine land, fertilizer and pesticide inputs, fanning subsidies are positive correlation to the national income, but labor income is the negative correlation to the national income. Fourthly, analysing the cultivated land resources efficiency using DEA of selected 12 typical cities in Jianghan plain, and then finding that the average cultivated land efficiency of Jianghan plain can be divided into four stages of change: dropped significantly from 2001 to 2002 , increased from 2002 to 2003, a slight decline from 2003 to 2004, increased steadily from 2004 to 2007. At the same time, according to the efficiency of regional differences, Jianghan plain will be integrated into a relatively high efficiency and a relatively low efficiency regions, and analysing the regions of general lower efficiency from the point of view of technical and scale efficiency of. The study finds Xiantao city and Jiangling county are due to the lower the scale efficiency. Tianmen city and Honghu city are due to the relatively low pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, Songzi city is mainly due to lower technical efficiency. At the basis of DEA evaluation, the thesis analysis of the effectiveness of outputs and inputs of Tianmen city, Songzi city and Honghu city. Finally, recommending policies inproving the use of cultivated land resources of the Jianghan plain from five aspects including the awareness of farmers, land management system, land-use structure, financial investment, rural education etc.
本研究首先详细阐述研究主题的背景与意义,全面梳理国内外文献综述,对研究区域进行初步的界定,以及研究目的与研究内容体系的架构;其次,以资源稀缺理论、外部性理论、边际报酬递减理论为耕地资源利用效率问题的产生寻求理论支撑,以农业区位理论、人地和谐理论、可持续发展理论为耕地资源利用效率问题的解决寻求理论支撑;再次,从农户家庭特征、耕地利用结构、农户生产投入与经营收入以及农户耕地利用行为的主观意愿等四个主要方面调查分析了江汉平原耕地资源利用现状。主要结论显示农户中拥有初中学历的比重最大、在耕地经营中兼业情况普遍。耕地结构特征上,江汉平原耕地分散化、细碎化程度比较高。在耕地投入与经营收入上,种植业收入占39%,已经不是农户总收入的最主要来源,但仍占居举足轻重的地位。耕地利用中,就作物不同种类而言,目前粮食作物给农民带来的销售收入最大,其次是经济作物、其他作物;在农户耕地利用行为的主观意愿上,绝大部分农户认为化肥农药投入相对于产出而言较多,应加强耕地资源管理水平以提高耕地资源的利用效率,并实行耕地规模化、加强农业教育培训及加大农业补贴力度。同时进一步通过回归分析发现文化程度、耕地的细碎化程度、化肥和农药的投入、国家补贴与种植业收入存在着正相关关系,而劳动力人数与种植业收入存在着负相关关系。第四,选择12个典型县市地区进行了江汉平原耕地资源利用效率的DEA评价,发现江汉平原耕地平均综合效率变化可以分为四个阶段:2001～2002年大幅下降、2002～2003年大幅上升、2003～2004年小幅下降、2004～2007年平稳上升。同时根据综合效率区域差异将江汉平原分为综合效率相对较高、综合效率相对较低两个区域,并从技术和规模角度分析了综合效率较低区域,发现仙桃市、江陵县综合效率较低的原因主要归结于其较低的规模效率,天门市、洪湖市则归因于相对均较低的纯技术效率和规模效率,松滋市则主要归因于纯技术效率不高。在DEA评价的基础上进一步分析了天门市、松滋市、洪湖市三个地区的耕地产出与投入有效性。最后,从农户意识、耕地经营制度、耕地利用结构、财政投入、农村教育等五个方面提出提高江汉平原耕地资源利用效率的政策建议。
Cultivated land resources is one of the most valuable natural resources of human beings, but also the basic material for human society to survive and develop. Jianghan plain is one of China's most famous bases of commodity grain production. Its rich agricultural resources and location advantages are the agricultural economic base relied by economic development of the Yangtze River economic belt. However, because of the limited quantity of cultivated land resources, the people should select and protect resouces and optimize the ecological environment for the agricultural development of Jianghan plain. In order to tapping the potential of the existing cultivated land resources, land value-added resources ,and then to improving the resource use efficiency of cultivated land and sustainable agricultural development, the people have to exploiting rationally, using and protecting land resources, and relying on scientific and technological progress.
First of all, this thesis in detail the background and the significance of the study, carding a comprehensive literature review at home and abroad, on a preliminary study to define the region, as well as the preparation of this study, the technical route; Secondly, followed by a scarcity of resources theory, externality theory, the marginal returns theoretical to find theoretical support to the causes of problems of cultivated land using efficiency. Agricultural location theory, theory of people in a harmonious and sustainable development theory to find the theoretical support to solving the problems of cultivated land using efficiency; Thirdly, investigating and analying the status of cultivated land resource utilization in Jianghan palin from four main aspects including characteristics of farmers, land-use structure, farmers with production inputs and operating income, the willing of farmers using cultivated land. The main conclusions show that farmers have the largest proportion of middle school education, in the land business and industry in general. Structural characteristics including a relatively high degree of chronology and decentralization of cultivated land in Jianghan plain. At the input and operating income of cultivated land, the plant industry accounted for 39 percent of income, which is not the most important source of revenues for the farmers, but still has a pivotal position. In relation to different types of crops, currently food crops give farmers the most sales revenue, followed by economic crops, other crops; The vast majority of farmers think that the input of chemical fertilizer and pesticide is much more compared with the output, should strengthen management of cultivated land in order to improve the efficiency of the use of cultivated, and scale of the implementation of farmland, strengthen the agricultural education and training and policy efforts of the agricultural subsidies. At the same time, through regression analysis showed that education level, the degree of fine land, fertilizer and pesticide inputs, fanning subsidies are positive correlation to the national income, but labor income is the negative correlation to the national income. Fourthly, analysing the cultivated land resources efficiency using DEA of selected 12 typical cities in Jianghan plain, and then finding that the average cultivated land efficiency of Jianghan plain can be divided into four stages of change: dropped significantly from 2001 to 2002 , increased from 2002 to 2003, a slight decline from 2003 to 2004, increased steadily from 2004 to 2007. At the same time, according to the efficiency of regional differences, Jianghan plain will be integrated into a relatively high efficiency and a relatively low efficiency regions, and analysing the regions of general lower efficiency from the point of view of technical and scale efficiency of. The study finds Xiantao city and Jiangling county are due to the lower the scale efficiency. Tianmen city and Honghu city are due to the relatively low pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, Songzi city is mainly due to lower technical efficiency. At the basis of DEA evaluation, the thesis analysis of the effectiveness of outputs and inputs of Tianmen city, Songzi city and Honghu city. Finally, recommending policies inproving the use of cultivated land resources of the Jianghan plain from five aspects including the awareness of farmers, land management system, land-use structure, financial investment, rural education etc.
引文
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[8]孔雪松,常旭.湖北省耕地总量动态平衡的时空差异[J].世界地理研究,2004,6(2)
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[13]梁流涛,曲福田,王春华.基于DEA方法的耕地资源利用效率分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,(17)2
[14]庞英等.我国耕地资源利用效益的数量经济分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(4)
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[17]王爱民,刘加林等.人地关系研究中的土地利用特征指标分析[J].经济地理,1999(1)
[18]王慧霞.有界DEA模型及其应用研究[J].南京理工大学学报,1994(4)
[19]魏权龄.数据包络分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2004
[20]吴胜军,程学军,吴冲龙.江汉平原土地利用变化分析[J].安徽农业科学,2007(35)
[21]吴郁玲,曲福田.江苏省开发区土地利用集约度的评价研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006(6)
[22]颜鹏飞,王兵.技术效率、技术进步与生产率增长:基于DEA的实证分析[J].经济研究,2004(12)
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