基于测井数据的地质图矢量化方法研究
|
摘要
本文主要研究的是基于测井数据的地质图矢量化方法。首先要对测井曲线及地质图进行预处理,对于含有不同种类噪声的图像,通常采取不同的方法进行处理,甚至需要使用几种方法的结合来处理,才能达到预期的效果。地质图中含有原始测井曲线、等值线和等高线以及各种地质符号等相关元素,通过图像分割算法和提取算法分离出测井曲线,然后运用曲线追踪方法来追踪原始的测井曲线,输出矢量化的DXF格式图像。
曲线追踪过程中会遇到不同类型的测井曲线。对于含有坐标的测井曲线,追踪结果往往会随着坐标格追踪下去,导致追踪的结果偏差。因此通过相关算法的改进,在处理含有坐标格的测井曲线时能够达到良好的效果。在测井曲线的提取方法中,分别介绍了实线和虚线的提取方法。对于实线型的测井曲线采用的是基于中轴变换的实线提取方法,而对于虚线型的测井曲线采用的是基于重心拟合的虚线提取方法。从测井曲线图中衍生出的等值线图和等高线图也是非常具有代表性的地质图件,所以对于这类图像也进行了相关的研究。
矢量化的地质图存储格式,即DXF格式的存储对于本文的研究工作至关重要。在熟悉和了解DXF格式的过程中,对其存储方法进行了相关的研究,并且在实际开发过程中得到了应用,达到了预期的效果。
The article focuses on the vector method of the geological map base on the logging data. First, we need to preprocess the well logs and geological maps. For images which contain different types of noises, we usually take different methods to deal with them, even for other images, it needs to use combination of several methods to deal with them in order to achieve the desired results. Geological maps contain original log curves, isopleths, contours and a variety of geological symbols, as well as other related elements. It could isolate log curves through the image segmentation and extraction algorithms, and then we use curve tracking methods to track original log curves, and output the DXF format image.
In the curve tracing process, it will meet different types of logging curves. For the well log based on grid, it often tracks down with the coordinate grid, which can lead to incorrect tracking results. Thus, by the improved algorithm, it can achieve good results when handling with the logging curves containing the coordinates. In the logging curve extraction methods, it introduces solid and dashed lines of tracking method. For the solid curve of log, it is based on the real axis line extraction methods, whereas for the dashed curve log, it uses the dotted line method based on the extraction fitting center of gravity. Isopleths and contour derived from logging curve are also very important geological maps, so this paper also carries out some studies in this area.
Vector-based geological map storage format, the DXF format storage, is essential for this research work. In the process of understanding DXF format, it takes some research on the method of storage, and it has applied to the actual developments and achieved desired results.
曲线追踪过程中会遇到不同类型的测井曲线。对于含有坐标的测井曲线,追踪结果往往会随着坐标格追踪下去,导致追踪的结果偏差。因此通过相关算法的改进,在处理含有坐标格的测井曲线时能够达到良好的效果。在测井曲线的提取方法中,分别介绍了实线和虚线的提取方法。对于实线型的测井曲线采用的是基于中轴变换的实线提取方法,而对于虚线型的测井曲线采用的是基于重心拟合的虚线提取方法。从测井曲线图中衍生出的等值线图和等高线图也是非常具有代表性的地质图件,所以对于这类图像也进行了相关的研究。
矢量化的地质图存储格式,即DXF格式的存储对于本文的研究工作至关重要。在熟悉和了解DXF格式的过程中,对其存储方法进行了相关的研究,并且在实际开发过程中得到了应用,达到了预期的效果。
The article focuses on the vector method of the geological map base on the logging data. First, we need to preprocess the well logs and geological maps. For images which contain different types of noises, we usually take different methods to deal with them, even for other images, it needs to use combination of several methods to deal with them in order to achieve the desired results. Geological maps contain original log curves, isopleths, contours and a variety of geological symbols, as well as other related elements. It could isolate log curves through the image segmentation and extraction algorithms, and then we use curve tracking methods to track original log curves, and output the DXF format image.
In the curve tracing process, it will meet different types of logging curves. For the well log based on grid, it often tracks down with the coordinate grid, which can lead to incorrect tracking results. Thus, by the improved algorithm, it can achieve good results when handling with the logging curves containing the coordinates. In the logging curve extraction methods, it introduces solid and dashed lines of tracking method. For the solid curve of log, it is based on the real axis line extraction methods, whereas for the dashed curve log, it uses the dotted line method based on the extraction fitting center of gravity. Isopleths and contour derived from logging curve are also very important geological maps, so this paper also carries out some studies in this area.
Vector-based geological map storage format, the DXF format storage, is essential for this research work. In the process of understanding DXF format, it takes some research on the method of storage, and it has applied to the actual developments and achieved desired results.
引文
[1]洪有密.测井原理与综合解释[M].山东:中国石油大学出版社, 2007, 2
[2]罗峰等.测井曲线矢量化中的预处理方法研究[J].中国测试技术, 2005, 3, 40~41
[3]左航.测井曲线的自动识别与提取[D].四川大学. 2003, 5
[4]钟必能.基于逐步简化的测井解释成果图矢量化的研究与实现[D].哈尔滨工业大学. 2006, 6
[5]曹茂俊.基于测井曲线数字化的射孔深度计算标图系统的研究与实现[D].大庆石油学院. 2008, 3
[6]陈国军,叶飞跃.大幅图像的分块细化加速算法[J].计算机工程与应用, 2001, 37(23): 101~102
[7]孙家广.计算机图形学(第三版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2002, 1
[8]田捷.实用图像分析与处理技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 1995
[9]崔屹.数字图像处理技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 1990
[10]李鸿林.中值滤波技术在图像处理中的应用[J].信息技术, 2004, Vol.28.No.7, 26~27
[11]李增兵.线性体图像自动矢量化算法研究[J].现代测绘, 2006, Vol.29 No.3, 11~12
[12]刘波.数字图像处理在测井曲线矢量化中的应用[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2005年第1期, 148~151
[13]谢明红.图像矢量化的优化方法研究[J].计算机工程与应用, 2003(13):48~50
[14]俞磊,吴立德.边缘检测中断边及伪边与结构点的处理[J].模式识别与人工智能, 1995, 8(2):165~170
[15]冈萨雷斯著,阮秋琦译.数字图像处理(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2007, 8
[16]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2001
[17]王润生.图像理解[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社, 1994
[18] Centeno JAS, Haertel V. An adaptive image enhancement algorithm.Pattern Recognition[J]. 1997, 30(7):1183~1189
[19] Nagasamy V, Langrna N A. Engineering drawing processing and vectorization system[J]. Computer Vision Graphics and Image Processing, 1990, 49:379~397
[20] Osamu Horiet al. Line drawing interpretation using probabistic relation[J]. Machine Vision and Applications, 1993, 23:100~109
[21]董海卫.基于矢量化的二值工程图符号提取算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2000, 12(4), 62~63
[22]熊沈蜀,周兆英,金龙.工程图矢量化处理系统[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(4):35~38
[23]沈立.黑白图像的矢量化[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2000, 12(3):170~173
[24]梁光胜.工程图的矢量化方法与算法研究[J].微型机与应用, 1999(10), 9~10
[25]吴学毅.扫描图矢量化方法研究与实现[J].西安理工大学学报. 2003, 19(2):177~181
[26]郭立伟.工程图扫描识别及矢量化[D].新疆大学, 2002, 5
[27]边肇祺,张学工.模式识别(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2000, 1
[28] Landau G M. Parallel computable contour based feature strings for 2-D shape recognition[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters, 1991, 12(2):299~306
[29] Naccche N J, Singhal SPTA. A Proposed Algorithm for Thinning Binary Patterns[C]. IEEE Trans.Syst. Man Cybennet. SMC-14(3), 1984-5/6K
[30] Choy Steven S O. New single-pass algorithm for parallel thinning[J]. Computer Vision and Image Understanding. 1995, 62(1):98~101
[31] Cugini U. Pattern-directed restoration and vectorization of digitized engineering drawings [J]. Computer &Graphics, 1984, 8(4):337~350
[32]范凤强. AutoCAD 2004实用教程[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社. 2004
[33]梁雪春,宋德明. AutoCAD二次开发技术指南[M].北京:清华大学出版, 2001
[34]刘传亮. AutoCAD DXF文件格式与二次开发图形软件编程[J].微机发展, 2004, 9,52~53
[35]中国石油天然气公司.石油天然气地质编图规范及图式[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2004, 7
[36]谭超.基于AutoCAD的DXF格式文件读写方法的研究[J].计算机与网络, 2009, 21, 46~49
[37]张洁.数字图像边缘检测技术的研究[D].合肥工业大学, 2009, 4
[38] Choi Y and Krishnapuram R. A robust approach to image enhancement based on fuzzy logic[J]. IEEE Trans on Image Processing, 1997, 6(6)
[39] Yeong-Taeg Kim. Contrast enhancement using brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization[J]. IEEE Trans on Consumer Electronics, 1997, 43(1):1~8
[40]李庆扬.数值分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004
[41]周培德.计算几何算法设计与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[42]李清辉.数字油田信息平台构架[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2008, 6
[43] M.T. Musavi. A Vision Based Method to Automate Map Processing[J]. Pattern Recognition,1987, 19: 319~325
[44] Nagasamy Vijia. Engineering Drawing Processing and Vectorization System[J]. CVGIP, 1990, 49:379~397
[45] P.Vaxiviere.Celesstin. CAD Conversion of Mechanical Drawings[J]. Computer, 1992, 25 (7):46~54
[2]罗峰等.测井曲线矢量化中的预处理方法研究[J].中国测试技术, 2005, 3, 40~41
[3]左航.测井曲线的自动识别与提取[D].四川大学. 2003, 5
[4]钟必能.基于逐步简化的测井解释成果图矢量化的研究与实现[D].哈尔滨工业大学. 2006, 6
[5]曹茂俊.基于测井曲线数字化的射孔深度计算标图系统的研究与实现[D].大庆石油学院. 2008, 3
[6]陈国军,叶飞跃.大幅图像的分块细化加速算法[J].计算机工程与应用, 2001, 37(23): 101~102
[7]孙家广.计算机图形学(第三版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2002, 1
[8]田捷.实用图像分析与处理技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 1995
[9]崔屹.数字图像处理技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 1990
[10]李鸿林.中值滤波技术在图像处理中的应用[J].信息技术, 2004, Vol.28.No.7, 26~27
[11]李增兵.线性体图像自动矢量化算法研究[J].现代测绘, 2006, Vol.29 No.3, 11~12
[12]刘波.数字图像处理在测井曲线矢量化中的应用[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2005年第1期, 148~151
[13]谢明红.图像矢量化的优化方法研究[J].计算机工程与应用, 2003(13):48~50
[14]俞磊,吴立德.边缘检测中断边及伪边与结构点的处理[J].模式识别与人工智能, 1995, 8(2):165~170
[15]冈萨雷斯著,阮秋琦译.数字图像处理(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2007, 8
[16]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2001
[17]王润生.图像理解[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社, 1994
[18] Centeno JAS, Haertel V. An adaptive image enhancement algorithm.Pattern Recognition[J]. 1997, 30(7):1183~1189
[19] Nagasamy V, Langrna N A. Engineering drawing processing and vectorization system[J]. Computer Vision Graphics and Image Processing, 1990, 49:379~397
[20] Osamu Horiet al. Line drawing interpretation using probabistic relation[J]. Machine Vision and Applications, 1993, 23:100~109
[21]董海卫.基于矢量化的二值工程图符号提取算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2000, 12(4), 62~63
[22]熊沈蜀,周兆英,金龙.工程图矢量化处理系统[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(4):35~38
[23]沈立.黑白图像的矢量化[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2000, 12(3):170~173
[24]梁光胜.工程图的矢量化方法与算法研究[J].微型机与应用, 1999(10), 9~10
[25]吴学毅.扫描图矢量化方法研究与实现[J].西安理工大学学报. 2003, 19(2):177~181
[26]郭立伟.工程图扫描识别及矢量化[D].新疆大学, 2002, 5
[27]边肇祺,张学工.模式识别(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2000, 1
[28] Landau G M. Parallel computable contour based feature strings for 2-D shape recognition[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters, 1991, 12(2):299~306
[29] Naccche N J, Singhal SPTA. A Proposed Algorithm for Thinning Binary Patterns[C]. IEEE Trans.Syst. Man Cybennet. SMC-14(3), 1984-5/6K
[30] Choy Steven S O. New single-pass algorithm for parallel thinning[J]. Computer Vision and Image Understanding. 1995, 62(1):98~101
[31] Cugini U. Pattern-directed restoration and vectorization of digitized engineering drawings [J]. Computer &Graphics, 1984, 8(4):337~350
[32]范凤强. AutoCAD 2004实用教程[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社. 2004
[33]梁雪春,宋德明. AutoCAD二次开发技术指南[M].北京:清华大学出版, 2001
[34]刘传亮. AutoCAD DXF文件格式与二次开发图形软件编程[J].微机发展, 2004, 9,52~53
[35]中国石油天然气公司.石油天然气地质编图规范及图式[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2004, 7
[36]谭超.基于AutoCAD的DXF格式文件读写方法的研究[J].计算机与网络, 2009, 21, 46~49
[37]张洁.数字图像边缘检测技术的研究[D].合肥工业大学, 2009, 4
[38] Choi Y and Krishnapuram R. A robust approach to image enhancement based on fuzzy logic[J]. IEEE Trans on Image Processing, 1997, 6(6)
[39] Yeong-Taeg Kim. Contrast enhancement using brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization[J]. IEEE Trans on Consumer Electronics, 1997, 43(1):1~8
[40]李庆扬.数值分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004
[41]周培德.计算几何算法设计与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[42]李清辉.数字油田信息平台构架[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2008, 6
[43] M.T. Musavi. A Vision Based Method to Automate Map Processing[J]. Pattern Recognition,1987, 19: 319~325
[44] Nagasamy Vijia. Engineering Drawing Processing and Vectorization System[J]. CVGIP, 1990, 49:379~397
[45] P.Vaxiviere.Celesstin. CAD Conversion of Mechanical Drawings[J]. Computer, 1992, 25 (7):46~54