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岩土预应力锚内锚固段长期受力破坏性能研究
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摘要
预应力锚固结构在岩土工程中的应用日益广泛,产生了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。在以往的锚固结构设计中,都是按照极限平衡的原则,认为锚固系统是一劳永逸的,并没有考虑采用预应力锚固技术加固岩土体的长期安全性问题。而实际上,岩土预应力锚固结构在其长期运营期受到各种外界环境影响,其预张力呈现出周期性的循环荷载特征,这将对预应力锚固结构的长期使用寿命产生影响。本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,采用现场监测、室内模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,对预应力锚固结构在长期运营期的受力破坏性能进行了研究,主要内容包括以下几个方面:
     (1)通过对实际锚固边坡长达6年的监测数据分析,提出了预应力的长期变化规律,确定了预应力锚固系统在外界环境因素影响下的预应力变化特征、变化幅度及变化频率。
     (2)采用室内循环荷载试验分别对锚杆内锚固段循环荷载作用次数与位移、剪应变之间的相关关系进行了研究,揭示了位移随循环次数的变化规律,并对注浆体与围岩体、注浆体与锚杆界面上剪应变发展规律的不同进行了比较。
     (3)通过对剪应变变化规律的分析,揭示了剪应变随循环次数变化的内在原因,提出了循环荷载作用下剪应变峰值内移特征及内锚固段的渐进破坏特性。
     (4)应用数值模拟软件FLAC3D建立锚索(杆)内锚固段数值分析模型,通过与室内静载试验对比,验证了数值模型的可靠性,并从位移场变化、剪应力变化和屈服点变化三方面对内锚固段破坏的发展规律进行研究。最后分析了内锚固段长度变化和注浆体粘结强度变化对内锚固段失效发展规律的影响。
The prestressed anchor structure is being used widely in geotechnical engineering, and makes great economic benefit and social benefit. The former design of the anchor structure, based on the limiting equilibrium, considers the anchor system to be once for all. The long time security problems of employing prestressed anchor technology to reinforce the rocks and soils have not been considered. Actually, geotechnical prestressed anchor structure is affected by many kinds of outside environment in its operation period. The pretension presents periodic cyclic loading feature. This will affect the long time service life of the prestressed anchor structure. Based on the summary of former researches, the paper studied the long time mechanical and failure nature of the geotechnical prestressed anchor, employing in-situ measurement, indoors model tests and numerical simulation. The main content includes the following aspects.
     (1)By means of the analysis the monitoring data of the actual anchored slope for 6 years, the long time variation law is suggested. The variation feature, the rangeability, and the variation frequency of the pretension for the prestressed anchor system, under the effect of outside environment factors, are settled.
     (2)The indoor cyclic loading test is adopted to study the relationship between cyclic times and displacement, shear strain on the inner anchoring section of the anchor bolt. The differences of variation law between the displacement via cyclic times, together with the difference of the shear strain development law between the interfaces of the grout and concrete and the grout and the anchor bolt, are compared.
     (3)Through the analysis of variation law of the shear strain, the intrinsic reason of the shear strain varies with cyclic times is explained. Under cyclic loading, the feature of the shear strain's peak values moves inside and the feature of the gradual progress of failure on the inner anchoring section, are suggested.
     (4)The numerical model for inner anchoring section of the anchor cable(bolt) is installed with numerical simulate software FLAC3D. By means of the comparison with the indoor static loading test, the reliability of the numerical model has been proved. The study of the failure development law on the inner anchoring section includes 3 aspects:the variation of the displacement, shear stress, and yielding points. Finally, the influences of the variation of the length of the inner anchoring section and the variation of grout bonding strength on failure development law on the inner anchoring section, has been analyzed.
引文
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