政治技能对工作压力影响机制的实证研究
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摘要
本文旨在探讨企业员工政治技能对工作压力影响机制问题。文章采用实证研究方法,基于分布于北京、沈阳、成都、宁波、大连等多个城市的17家企业的531份员工调查问卷,由于员工所处地域、工作经验、从事领域和规模各不相同,所以确保了本研究不会由于地域、行业、规模、职务级别等变量过于相似而造成的偏差。本文应用结构方程和多层回归分析等分析方法,探讨了领导-成员交换分别作为中介、调节变量的员工政治技能对工作压力影响情况,并讨论了政治技能学习作为政治技能的影响因素,对政治技能的改善效果。
本文研究想法缘于以下思考：当人们集结成群体时,权力就会发挥作用。人们都希望找到一个合适的位置来实施影响、获得报酬、取得事业发展(Culbert,1980)。当组织中的员工把他们的行为付诸行动时,就转入了政治活动中,那些政治高超的人能够更有效的运用他们的权力(Ferris,2005)。由于组织中员工自我权力的行使,组织逐渐成为一个权力与利益竞技的舞台,政治行为作为组织中员工谋取个人利益的手段和方式,产生于权力的行使过程中。政治技能作为个体社会技能的一种,兼具人际互动风格和交际效能,不仅仅服务于政治行为,而且具有其他积极与正面的功效,高政治技能的个体能有效理解他人并运用相应知识去影响他人,以至于达到自身或组织的目标。受中国浓厚传统文化影响,政治行为对中国组织带来的挑战尤为强烈,中国人历来重视人际关系,“办公室政治”问题常常会使员工遭到困扰,同时也成为引发员工工作压力的重要原因。
鉴于此,本文将理论研究热点与社会关注焦点联系起来,以社会交换理论为基础,研究企业内员工政治技能对工作压力的影响问题。在微观逻辑框架下予以分析和探索,进一步解释工作压力的影响变量,并在此基础上提出组织创建和谐办公室政治的对策。在中国情境下,员工政治技能的情况如何?基于员工个体差异因素来说,每位员工的政治技能是否也不尽相同?它们对工作压力的影响机制是什么?其中是否存在中介因素和调节变量?而政治技能能否通过某种培训或学习进行改善、提高呢?对上述问题的回答和检验,无疑都具有极其重要的理论意义和指导实践价值。
基于上述思考,本文立足于政治技能、领导-成员交换、工作压力和政治技能学习等国际研究前沿,应用实证研究方法,围绕“政治技能如何影响员工工作压力”这一核心问题展开分析。本文共设计8章,具体内容如下：
第1章,绪论。对本研究的研究背景与意义进行阐述,说明了本研究的3个焦点问题,明确了对研究内容的类群划分,对研究内容与研究框架进行了描述。说明了本文应用的多种研究方法及其适用性。阐明了本文可能存在的创新之处。
第2章,文献综述。首先,该章从概念界定、概念发展、结构、测量、研究内容等方面对政治技能相关文献进行了回顾。然后,该章回顾了领导-成员交换的基本概念、理论发展和相关研究内容。之后,对工作压力的概念和研究发展进行了回顾。最后,回顾了政治技能学习的基本概念、研究内容及其发展。
第3章,政治技能构念结构在中国情境下的维度确认与测量。该章通过深度访谈收集受访者对政治技能行为的典型描述,应用扎根理论对关键事件进行归纳总结,将内容进行分析、编码和归类,形成初步维度。之后应用SPSS16.0对得到的因子进行探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、内容效度、区别效度以及汇聚效度的检验,进而得到适合于中国情境下的政治技能量表,为后文打下坚实基础。
第4章,政治技能类群划分及其对工作压力的直接效应研究。该章通过问卷调查所获得数据,首先应用SPSS16.0和AMOS17.0对工作压力进行验证性因子分析,之后对政治技能进行聚类分析,得出类群后再应用SPSS16.0对政治技能与工作压力的直接效应进行分析。
第5章,领导-成员交换对政治技能与工作压力之间的中介效应研究。该章首先应用SPSS16.0和AMOS17.0对领导-成员交换进行了探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析。之后,应用SPSS16.0进行多层回归分析,对领导-成员交换对政治技能与工作压力之间的中介效应进行了研究。
第6章,领导-成员交换对政治技能与工作压力之间的调节效应研究。该章应用SPSS16.0进行多层回归分析,以检验领导-成员交换对政治技能与工作压力之间的调节效应。
第7章,政治技能学习对各政治技能群体的直接效应研究。该章首先应用SPSS16.0与AMOS17.0对政治技能学习进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,之后应用SPSS16.0对政治技能学习对各政治技能群体的直接效应进行了研究。
第8章,结论与展望。该章对本研究的主要内容进行了综合讨论,并总结了本研究的主要结论,对本研究带来的启示与相关理论贡献进行了阐述,并分析了本研究存在的局限性,最后对对未来研究方向进行了展望。
本文研究得出了以下结论：
结论一：在中国企业情境下,政治技能具有五维度因素结构：和谐人际、形势机敏性、面子经营、权术运用、能力型社交。在与西方政治技能量表的信效度比较和对工作绩效的解释力中可以看出,本土量表优于西方量表。
结论二：分群后各类政治技能具有各自的特点。具体说,依据中心点位置来看,群体一可概括为“自信天真、沟通交际群”,群体二可概括为“淡泊名利、顺应形势群”,群体三可概括为“正直独立、冷静旁观群”,群体四可概括为“表面真诚、投机专营群”。
结论三：各类群政治技能对工作压力的直接影响不同。其中,类群化前群体的工作压力来源主要为能力型社交,并通过面子经营、权术活动以及提高形势机敏性降低自身压力。类群化后群体一的工作压力主要来源于能力型社交,而面子经营、形势机敏性、权术运用、和谐人际活动增加都会使群体一工作压力降低。群体二的工作压力主要来源于面子经营、权术运用和能力型社交,而和谐人际和形势机敏性能力的增加会使群体二工作压力降低。群体三的工作压力主要来源于面子经营,和谐人际、权术运用、能力型社交和形势机敏性的增加会使群体三工作压力降低。群体四的工作压力主要来源于权术运用、能力型社交和形势机敏性,和谐人际和面子经营情况越好则群体四工作压力越低。
结论四：领导-成员交换对员工政治技能各类群与工作压力关系的中介作用不同。其中,类群化前的领导-成员交换对员工政治技能与工作压力关系起到完全中介作用。类群化后的群体一、群体四领导-成员交换对员工政治技能与工作压力关系起到完全中介作用,群体二、群体三领导-成员交换对员工政治技能与工作压力关系起到部分中介作用。
结论五：领导-成员交换对员工政治技能各类群与工作压力关系的调节作用不同。其中,类群化前领导-成员交换对其政治技能与工作压力关系没有显著调节作用。群体一、群体二、群体三和群体四的领导成员交换对其政治技能与工作压力关系均没有显著调节作用。
结论六：领导-成员交换在政治技能与工作压力之间起到的是中介作用而非调节作用。具体说,类群化前、群体一、群体四领导-成员交换在政治技能与工作压力之间具有完全中介作用,但不具有调节作用。群体二、群体三领导-成员交换在政治技能与工作压力之间具有部分中介作用而非调节作用。
结论七：政治技能学习对各类群政治技能维度的直接效应影响不同。其中,在类群化前,政治技能学习对形势机敏性帮助最大,对权术运用和能力型社交的影响次之,对和谐人际和面子经营再次。在类群化后,政治技能学习不能成为改变群体一政治技能的方法,对群体二政治技能的影响有限,可能会成为改变其政治技能水平的方法之一,对群体三、群体四政治技能有显著正向影响,对他们的政治技能改变有较大帮助。
本研究的创新之处是：(1)结合中国文化情境因素,开发了政治技能本土量表。(2)通过政治技能群体划分,揭示了四个政治技能群体的类群特点及其对工作压力关系影响的差异(3)发现政治技能学习对三种政治技能类群具有正向影响,提出政治技能学习可作为管理、改善员工政治技能的一种手段。
The Main topic of this paper is on the influence mechanism of enterprise employees' political skill on their job stress.Based on the questionnaire survey data from531emplyees in12enterprises from Beijing,Shenyang,Chongqing,Ningbo,Dalian and some other cities.Due to the geographical employees, work experience,engaged in the field is not the same,so make sure that this study will not be too similar to get deviation variables such as geography,industry,size,position level.Author analyzes the leader-member exchange(LMX) as mediate variable and moderate variable respectively on the influence of employees' political skill on their job stress.Then find political skill study as a influenceing factor of political skill,and how much it improve the empolyees' political skill.
The following points aroused author's research interests:When the peolpe gathered into groups,the power would play a role. People want to find a good location to the impact of the implementation,and to receive remuneration achieved career development (Culbert,1980). When the action of employees in the organization of their behavior, they transferred to the political activities. Those superb political people to more effectively use their powers (Ferris,2005). Organization has become a stage with power and interest when the empolyees execute their power in organization.Political behavior generate in the execution power as a method to gain personal interest. Political behavior offer a strong chanllgen to chinese organization by strong traditional culture.Chinese people always pay attention in interpersonal relationship,the"office politics" always give employee some puzzle,and it also cause the employees' job stress.In addition,bese on the individual difference of every staff, their political skill is not possible all the same.In this way,how is the empolyees'political skill in chinese culture background?What is the influence mechanism to job stress?And study and trainning can improve the political skill level?Some question like that,it is nessceary for us to answer by theory and empirical study.
The feature and value of this paper lies in the following parts:(1)there is a big difference with the research before which treat empolyees' political skill is in same type,thie paper foucs on gourp dividing of political skill.Divide the empolyees'political skill as some group in chinese traditional culture,and discuss their characteristic.(2)analyzes LMX as mediate variableand moderate variable respectively, discuss the role of LMX on the influence of employees'political skill on their job stress.(3) Discuss political skill study role from trainning and learnning view. Find the political skill. study as a methods to manage and improve empolyees'political skill.
According to above consideration,this paper develops the discussion focusing on the international leading research literatures on political skill,LMXjob stress and political skill study. We have organizaed this paper into8chapters.
Chapterl, introduction. This chapter introduces the research background,theoretical and realistic significance,clarifies the3focus problem and the goal of this research.and put forward the ideas,content and innovation points of this paper.
Chapter2,literature review.First of all,this chapter reviews the literature of political skill from concept,concept development,content,measurement. Second of all,this chapter reviews the concept, theoretical of LMX. Third of all,reviews the concept and development of job stress. At last, reviews the concept and developement of political skill study.
Chapter3,political skill dimensionally and measure in chinese context.This chapter collects the description of political behavior from interviewees, conclude the key point by Ground Theory,analyze the details,get intial dimensional.Do exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Discriminant Validity, Convergent validity by SPSS16.0,get the sacle which is apply in the chinese context, lay a solid foundation for following research.
Chapter4,the direct influence effect of employees' political skill on job stress,and group dividing of political skill.In this chapter,author makes CFA on job stress by SPSS16.0and AMOS17.0,then make Cluster Analysis of political skill,get specific group,and analyze the directinfluence effect of empolyees' political skill on job stress.
Chapter5,the mediate effect of LMX on the relationship between empolyees' political skill on job stress.In this chapter,authormakes EFA and CFA of LMX by SPSS16.0and AMOS17.0.Then,make multilayer regression analysis to test the mediate effect of LMX on the relationship of empolyees' political skill and job stress by SPSS16.0.
Chapter6,the moderate effect of LMX on the relationship between empolyees' political skill on job stress.In this chapter,make multilayer regression with SPSS16.0to test the moderate effect of LMX on the relationship of empolyees' political skill and job stress.
Chapter7, analyze the direct influence effect of political skill study on political skill. In this chapter make EFA and CFA of political skill study with SPSS16.0and AMOS17.0.Then analyze the direct influence effect of political skill study on political skill.
Chapter8, conclusion and enlightenment. In this chapter conclude the main conclusion, and give extended discussions on several enlightenment issues. At last gives the limitations and future development directions of this research.
This dissertation reached the following conclusions:
Conclusion1:The political skill can be divided into5dimensions in Chinese context. It is harmonious interpersonal, situation astuteness, face business, trickery use, networking ability. As can be seen in the caomparison of the reliability and validity scales with western political skills and job performance explanatory power superior to the western scale,local scale.
Conclusion2:Clustering all kinds of political skills have their own characteristics.Specifically,in accordance with the position of the center point of view,group1can be summed up as"naive confidence,communication and interpersonal group",group2can be summarized as "fame and fortune, conform to the situation group",group3can be summarized as "integrity and independence of calm on the sidelines group",group4can be summarized as "surface sincere,speculative franchise group".
Conclusion3:The direct impact of the various types of group political skills to job stress.Taxa before groups job stress of the main source of networking ability,and operated through the face business,trickery use,as well as improve the situation astuteness reduced stress.The job stress of group1comes mainly from the ability to networking ability,and face business situation astuteness,use of trickery,harmonious interpersonal incressed will cause the gourp1's stress decreases.The job stress of group2comes mainly from the face business,use of trickery and networking ability,and harmonious interpersonal and situation astuteness would increase their job stress.The group3'job stress comes mainly from the face buiness,harmonious interpersonal,use of trickery,networking ability would make therir stress decreses.The group4's job stress comes mainly from the use of trickery,networking ability,situation astuteness, and harmonious interpersonal,face business would make their stress be lower.
Conclusion4:The mediation role is different of LMX relationship of each group and the political skill of employees job stress. Among them, before group divided, the LMX between political skill and job stress play fully mediated.After group divided,for group1,group4,the LMX between political skill and job stress paly a fully mediated.For group2,group3,the LMX between political skill and job stress play partial mediated.
Conclusion5:The moderation role is different of LMX of each group and the political ksill of employees job stress.Among them,before group divided,LMX between political skill and job stress is not a moderation role.For group1,group2,group3,group4,LMX between political skill and job stress is not a moderation role as well.
Conclusion6:LMX between the political skills and job stress play an mediation role rather than moderation role.Specifically,Before group divided,for group1,group4,The LMX between political skill and job stress play a full mediation role rather than moderation role.For group2, group3, the LMX between political skill and job stress play a partial mediation rather than moderation role.
Conclusion7:The direct dffect of political skill learning of the political skill of each group is different.Before group divided,political skill learning helped the situation astuteness most,followed by the use of trickery,networking ability,harmonious interpersonal and face business.After group divided,political skill learning can not change groups'skill,and a limited impact on the political skill of group2,may become one of the ways to change their political skill level of group3,group4,the group political skills have positive effect of change in their political skill.
The innovation of this study is to:(1).Base on the Chinese cultural and situational factors,develop a local scale of political skill.(2) divided the type of political skill of the staff in the Chinese context, and discriminate their characteristics,and the impact different on their job stress.(3)From the point of view of traning and learning,and to explore the political skill learning effect of political skill,find the political skill learning as management ways,to improve the political skill of employees.
本文研究想法缘于以下思考：当人们集结成群体时,权力就会发挥作用。人们都希望找到一个合适的位置来实施影响、获得报酬、取得事业发展(Culbert,1980)。当组织中的员工把他们的行为付诸行动时,就转入了政治活动中,那些政治高超的人能够更有效的运用他们的权力(Ferris,2005)。由于组织中员工自我权力的行使,组织逐渐成为一个权力与利益竞技的舞台,政治行为作为组织中员工谋取个人利益的手段和方式,产生于权力的行使过程中。政治技能作为个体社会技能的一种,兼具人际互动风格和交际效能,不仅仅服务于政治行为,而且具有其他积极与正面的功效,高政治技能的个体能有效理解他人并运用相应知识去影响他人,以至于达到自身或组织的目标。受中国浓厚传统文化影响,政治行为对中国组织带来的挑战尤为强烈,中国人历来重视人际关系,“办公室政治”问题常常会使员工遭到困扰,同时也成为引发员工工作压力的重要原因。
鉴于此,本文将理论研究热点与社会关注焦点联系起来,以社会交换理论为基础,研究企业内员工政治技能对工作压力的影响问题。在微观逻辑框架下予以分析和探索,进一步解释工作压力的影响变量,并在此基础上提出组织创建和谐办公室政治的对策。在中国情境下,员工政治技能的情况如何?基于员工个体差异因素来说,每位员工的政治技能是否也不尽相同?它们对工作压力的影响机制是什么?其中是否存在中介因素和调节变量?而政治技能能否通过某种培训或学习进行改善、提高呢?对上述问题的回答和检验,无疑都具有极其重要的理论意义和指导实践价值。
基于上述思考,本文立足于政治技能、领导-成员交换、工作压力和政治技能学习等国际研究前沿,应用实证研究方法,围绕“政治技能如何影响员工工作压力”这一核心问题展开分析。本文共设计8章,具体内容如下：
第1章,绪论。对本研究的研究背景与意义进行阐述,说明了本研究的3个焦点问题,明确了对研究内容的类群划分,对研究内容与研究框架进行了描述。说明了本文应用的多种研究方法及其适用性。阐明了本文可能存在的创新之处。
第2章,文献综述。首先,该章从概念界定、概念发展、结构、测量、研究内容等方面对政治技能相关文献进行了回顾。然后,该章回顾了领导-成员交换的基本概念、理论发展和相关研究内容。之后,对工作压力的概念和研究发展进行了回顾。最后,回顾了政治技能学习的基本概念、研究内容及其发展。
第3章,政治技能构念结构在中国情境下的维度确认与测量。该章通过深度访谈收集受访者对政治技能行为的典型描述,应用扎根理论对关键事件进行归纳总结,将内容进行分析、编码和归类,形成初步维度。之后应用SPSS16.0对得到的因子进行探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、内容效度、区别效度以及汇聚效度的检验,进而得到适合于中国情境下的政治技能量表,为后文打下坚实基础。
第4章,政治技能类群划分及其对工作压力的直接效应研究。该章通过问卷调查所获得数据,首先应用SPSS16.0和AMOS17.0对工作压力进行验证性因子分析,之后对政治技能进行聚类分析,得出类群后再应用SPSS16.0对政治技能与工作压力的直接效应进行分析。
第5章,领导-成员交换对政治技能与工作压力之间的中介效应研究。该章首先应用SPSS16.0和AMOS17.0对领导-成员交换进行了探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析。之后,应用SPSS16.0进行多层回归分析,对领导-成员交换对政治技能与工作压力之间的中介效应进行了研究。
第6章,领导-成员交换对政治技能与工作压力之间的调节效应研究。该章应用SPSS16.0进行多层回归分析,以检验领导-成员交换对政治技能与工作压力之间的调节效应。
第7章,政治技能学习对各政治技能群体的直接效应研究。该章首先应用SPSS16.0与AMOS17.0对政治技能学习进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,之后应用SPSS16.0对政治技能学习对各政治技能群体的直接效应进行了研究。
第8章,结论与展望。该章对本研究的主要内容进行了综合讨论,并总结了本研究的主要结论,对本研究带来的启示与相关理论贡献进行了阐述,并分析了本研究存在的局限性,最后对对未来研究方向进行了展望。
本文研究得出了以下结论：
结论一：在中国企业情境下,政治技能具有五维度因素结构：和谐人际、形势机敏性、面子经营、权术运用、能力型社交。在与西方政治技能量表的信效度比较和对工作绩效的解释力中可以看出,本土量表优于西方量表。
结论二：分群后各类政治技能具有各自的特点。具体说,依据中心点位置来看,群体一可概括为“自信天真、沟通交际群”,群体二可概括为“淡泊名利、顺应形势群”,群体三可概括为“正直独立、冷静旁观群”,群体四可概括为“表面真诚、投机专营群”。
结论三：各类群政治技能对工作压力的直接影响不同。其中,类群化前群体的工作压力来源主要为能力型社交,并通过面子经营、权术活动以及提高形势机敏性降低自身压力。类群化后群体一的工作压力主要来源于能力型社交,而面子经营、形势机敏性、权术运用、和谐人际活动增加都会使群体一工作压力降低。群体二的工作压力主要来源于面子经营、权术运用和能力型社交,而和谐人际和形势机敏性能力的增加会使群体二工作压力降低。群体三的工作压力主要来源于面子经营,和谐人际、权术运用、能力型社交和形势机敏性的增加会使群体三工作压力降低。群体四的工作压力主要来源于权术运用、能力型社交和形势机敏性,和谐人际和面子经营情况越好则群体四工作压力越低。
结论四：领导-成员交换对员工政治技能各类群与工作压力关系的中介作用不同。其中,类群化前的领导-成员交换对员工政治技能与工作压力关系起到完全中介作用。类群化后的群体一、群体四领导-成员交换对员工政治技能与工作压力关系起到完全中介作用,群体二、群体三领导-成员交换对员工政治技能与工作压力关系起到部分中介作用。
结论五：领导-成员交换对员工政治技能各类群与工作压力关系的调节作用不同。其中,类群化前领导-成员交换对其政治技能与工作压力关系没有显著调节作用。群体一、群体二、群体三和群体四的领导成员交换对其政治技能与工作压力关系均没有显著调节作用。
结论六：领导-成员交换在政治技能与工作压力之间起到的是中介作用而非调节作用。具体说,类群化前、群体一、群体四领导-成员交换在政治技能与工作压力之间具有完全中介作用,但不具有调节作用。群体二、群体三领导-成员交换在政治技能与工作压力之间具有部分中介作用而非调节作用。
结论七：政治技能学习对各类群政治技能维度的直接效应影响不同。其中,在类群化前,政治技能学习对形势机敏性帮助最大,对权术运用和能力型社交的影响次之,对和谐人际和面子经营再次。在类群化后,政治技能学习不能成为改变群体一政治技能的方法,对群体二政治技能的影响有限,可能会成为改变其政治技能水平的方法之一,对群体三、群体四政治技能有显著正向影响,对他们的政治技能改变有较大帮助。
本研究的创新之处是：(1)结合中国文化情境因素,开发了政治技能本土量表。(2)通过政治技能群体划分,揭示了四个政治技能群体的类群特点及其对工作压力关系影响的差异(3)发现政治技能学习对三种政治技能类群具有正向影响,提出政治技能学习可作为管理、改善员工政治技能的一种手段。
The Main topic of this paper is on the influence mechanism of enterprise employees' political skill on their job stress.Based on the questionnaire survey data from531emplyees in12enterprises from Beijing,Shenyang,Chongqing,Ningbo,Dalian and some other cities.Due to the geographical employees, work experience,engaged in the field is not the same,so make sure that this study will not be too similar to get deviation variables such as geography,industry,size,position level.Author analyzes the leader-member exchange(LMX) as mediate variable and moderate variable respectively on the influence of employees' political skill on their job stress.Then find political skill study as a influenceing factor of political skill,and how much it improve the empolyees' political skill.
The following points aroused author's research interests:When the peolpe gathered into groups,the power would play a role. People want to find a good location to the impact of the implementation,and to receive remuneration achieved career development (Culbert,1980). When the action of employees in the organization of their behavior, they transferred to the political activities. Those superb political people to more effectively use their powers (Ferris,2005). Organization has become a stage with power and interest when the empolyees execute their power in organization.Political behavior generate in the execution power as a method to gain personal interest. Political behavior offer a strong chanllgen to chinese organization by strong traditional culture.Chinese people always pay attention in interpersonal relationship,the"office politics" always give employee some puzzle,and it also cause the employees' job stress.In addition,bese on the individual difference of every staff, their political skill is not possible all the same.In this way,how is the empolyees'political skill in chinese culture background?What is the influence mechanism to job stress?And study and trainning can improve the political skill level?Some question like that,it is nessceary for us to answer by theory and empirical study.
The feature and value of this paper lies in the following parts:(1)there is a big difference with the research before which treat empolyees' political skill is in same type,thie paper foucs on gourp dividing of political skill.Divide the empolyees'political skill as some group in chinese traditional culture,and discuss their characteristic.(2)analyzes LMX as mediate variableand moderate variable respectively, discuss the role of LMX on the influence of employees'political skill on their job stress.(3) Discuss political skill study role from trainning and learnning view. Find the political skill. study as a methods to manage and improve empolyees'political skill.
According to above consideration,this paper develops the discussion focusing on the international leading research literatures on political skill,LMXjob stress and political skill study. We have organizaed this paper into8chapters.
Chapterl, introduction. This chapter introduces the research background,theoretical and realistic significance,clarifies the3focus problem and the goal of this research.and put forward the ideas,content and innovation points of this paper.
Chapter2,literature review.First of all,this chapter reviews the literature of political skill from concept,concept development,content,measurement. Second of all,this chapter reviews the concept, theoretical of LMX. Third of all,reviews the concept and development of job stress. At last, reviews the concept and developement of political skill study.
Chapter3,political skill dimensionally and measure in chinese context.This chapter collects the description of political behavior from interviewees, conclude the key point by Ground Theory,analyze the details,get intial dimensional.Do exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Discriminant Validity, Convergent validity by SPSS16.0,get the sacle which is apply in the chinese context, lay a solid foundation for following research.
Chapter4,the direct influence effect of employees' political skill on job stress,and group dividing of political skill.In this chapter,author makes CFA on job stress by SPSS16.0and AMOS17.0,then make Cluster Analysis of political skill,get specific group,and analyze the directinfluence effect of empolyees' political skill on job stress.
Chapter5,the mediate effect of LMX on the relationship between empolyees' political skill on job stress.In this chapter,authormakes EFA and CFA of LMX by SPSS16.0and AMOS17.0.Then,make multilayer regression analysis to test the mediate effect of LMX on the relationship of empolyees' political skill and job stress by SPSS16.0.
Chapter6,the moderate effect of LMX on the relationship between empolyees' political skill on job stress.In this chapter,make multilayer regression with SPSS16.0to test the moderate effect of LMX on the relationship of empolyees' political skill and job stress.
Chapter7, analyze the direct influence effect of political skill study on political skill. In this chapter make EFA and CFA of political skill study with SPSS16.0and AMOS17.0.Then analyze the direct influence effect of political skill study on political skill.
Chapter8, conclusion and enlightenment. In this chapter conclude the main conclusion, and give extended discussions on several enlightenment issues. At last gives the limitations and future development directions of this research.
This dissertation reached the following conclusions:
Conclusion1:The political skill can be divided into5dimensions in Chinese context. It is harmonious interpersonal, situation astuteness, face business, trickery use, networking ability. As can be seen in the caomparison of the reliability and validity scales with western political skills and job performance explanatory power superior to the western scale,local scale.
Conclusion2:Clustering all kinds of political skills have their own characteristics.Specifically,in accordance with the position of the center point of view,group1can be summed up as"naive confidence,communication and interpersonal group",group2can be summarized as "fame and fortune, conform to the situation group",group3can be summarized as "integrity and independence of calm on the sidelines group",group4can be summarized as "surface sincere,speculative franchise group".
Conclusion3:The direct impact of the various types of group political skills to job stress.Taxa before groups job stress of the main source of networking ability,and operated through the face business,trickery use,as well as improve the situation astuteness reduced stress.The job stress of group1comes mainly from the ability to networking ability,and face business situation astuteness,use of trickery,harmonious interpersonal incressed will cause the gourp1's stress decreases.The job stress of group2comes mainly from the face business,use of trickery and networking ability,and harmonious interpersonal and situation astuteness would increase their job stress.The group3'job stress comes mainly from the face buiness,harmonious interpersonal,use of trickery,networking ability would make therir stress decreses.The group4's job stress comes mainly from the use of trickery,networking ability,situation astuteness, and harmonious interpersonal,face business would make their stress be lower.
Conclusion4:The mediation role is different of LMX relationship of each group and the political skill of employees job stress. Among them, before group divided, the LMX between political skill and job stress play fully mediated.After group divided,for group1,group4,the LMX between political skill and job stress paly a fully mediated.For group2,group3,the LMX between political skill and job stress play partial mediated.
Conclusion5:The moderation role is different of LMX of each group and the political ksill of employees job stress.Among them,before group divided,LMX between political skill and job stress is not a moderation role.For group1,group2,group3,group4,LMX between political skill and job stress is not a moderation role as well.
Conclusion6:LMX between the political skills and job stress play an mediation role rather than moderation role.Specifically,Before group divided,for group1,group4,The LMX between political skill and job stress play a full mediation role rather than moderation role.For group2, group3, the LMX between political skill and job stress play a partial mediation rather than moderation role.
Conclusion7:The direct dffect of political skill learning of the political skill of each group is different.Before group divided,political skill learning helped the situation astuteness most,followed by the use of trickery,networking ability,harmonious interpersonal and face business.After group divided,political skill learning can not change groups'skill,and a limited impact on the political skill of group2,may become one of the ways to change their political skill level of group3,group4,the group political skills have positive effect of change in their political skill.
The innovation of this study is to:(1).Base on the Chinese cultural and situational factors,develop a local scale of political skill.(2) divided the type of political skill of the staff in the Chinese context, and discriminate their characteristics,and the impact different on their job stress.(3)From the point of view of traning and learning,and to explore the political skill learning effect of political skill,find the political skill learning as management ways,to improve the political skill of employees.
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