飞机连接件承载孔三维应力集中与裂纹分析
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摘要
在航空航天工程中广泛使用的各种机械设备往往都是由结构复杂的各种部件构成的。在设备的使用过程中,构件由于受力以及材料本身存在的缺陷,往往容易出现破坏。当前广泛应用的疲劳断裂理论往往是基于二维断裂力学的平面理论,而实际构件由于结构较复杂,往往呈现出强烈的三维效应,因此,对于复杂结构的三维破坏研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文对含有裂纹板的三维断裂和带孔板的应力集中问题进行了研究,主要包括以下内容:
1.含有边沿穿透型直裂纹的正交各向异性薄板在远端均匀拉应力作用下,用三维有限元和断裂力学的知识进行研究分析,获得了应力强度因子与相对裂纹长度之间的关系,讨论了裂纹尖端处的离面约束因子与相对裂纹长度和泊松比的关系,并获得了关于泊松比的离面约束因子的经验公式,为工程结构的三维剩余强度评估提供一定的参考。
2.通过对铆钉连接的有限厚度板两端受有拉应力的作用这一问题的简化,研究了含有铆钉孔的有限厚度板一端受拉应力的作用,孔内受有与板端部拉应力相平衡的不同角度均匀压应力作用这一基本问题,运用线弹性叠加原理、有限元法分析了孔边应力集中与板的厚度以及不同加载角度的关系。
3.基于有限元法研究了含有铆钉孔的有限厚度板端部受拉孔内受有与端部相平衡的、不同加载角度的正弦压应力一问题,讨论了不同加载角度和板的厚度对孔边应力集中的影响,发现加载角度和板厚的变化对三维应力集中系数有较大的影响,不能用简单的平面解和表面应力集中系数来代替三维最大应力集中系数。
Many widely used mechanical equipments in engineering such as aircrafts and aerospace crafts usually consist of complex components. During the service period, the damages of the components usually occur due to loads and inherent faults of the materials. The current widely used fatigue fracture methodology is mainly based on the traditional two-dimensional (2D) fracture theory. Furthermore, the strong three-dimensional (3D) effects often occur when they are appilied to complex structures. Therefore, researches on the three-dimensional damage of the complex mechanical structures have significant meanings in theory and applications. In the present thesis, we focused on the three-dimensional fracture of thin plates with cracks and the stress concentration of finite thickness plate with a pin hole. The main contents are as following:
1.Under remote uniform tensile load, anisotropic thin plates with single edge through straight crack are investigated and analyzed using 3D finite element method. The relationship between the stress intensity factors and relative crack lengths is obtained.The influences of crack length and Poisson’s ratio for out-of-plane constraint factor at the crack tip are detailedly studied. For convenience of engineering applications, the empirical formula is obtained.
2.Through the simplification of the problem of a double-lap mechanical joint of finite thickness isotropic plates with a pin-loaded hole under tensile load at both ends, we study it as a basis problem, that is, tension is applied on one end of the finite thickness plate with a hole, and equivalent even pressure with different angles is applied on the inside of the hole to balance the tension. The relationships between the stress concentration at the hole edge and the plate thicknesses and the loading angles are investigated by use of linear elastic superposition principle and the finite elements method.
3.We also study another problem of a finite thickness plate with a pin-loaded hole. In this case, tension is applied on one end of the plate, and equivalent sine compressive stress with different angles is applied on the inside of the pin-loaded hole to balance the tension. The influences of the stress concentration by the different loading angles and the plate thicknesses are discussed. It is found that the loading angles and variation of plate thicknesses obviously affect the 3D stress concentration coefficients. Therefore, we cannot obtain reasonable results using simple planar solution or surface stress concentration coefficient instead of 3D maximum stress concentration coefficient.
1.含有边沿穿透型直裂纹的正交各向异性薄板在远端均匀拉应力作用下,用三维有限元和断裂力学的知识进行研究分析,获得了应力强度因子与相对裂纹长度之间的关系,讨论了裂纹尖端处的离面约束因子与相对裂纹长度和泊松比的关系,并获得了关于泊松比的离面约束因子的经验公式,为工程结构的三维剩余强度评估提供一定的参考。
2.通过对铆钉连接的有限厚度板两端受有拉应力的作用这一问题的简化,研究了含有铆钉孔的有限厚度板一端受拉应力的作用,孔内受有与板端部拉应力相平衡的不同角度均匀压应力作用这一基本问题,运用线弹性叠加原理、有限元法分析了孔边应力集中与板的厚度以及不同加载角度的关系。
3.基于有限元法研究了含有铆钉孔的有限厚度板端部受拉孔内受有与端部相平衡的、不同加载角度的正弦压应力一问题,讨论了不同加载角度和板的厚度对孔边应力集中的影响,发现加载角度和板厚的变化对三维应力集中系数有较大的影响,不能用简单的平面解和表面应力集中系数来代替三维最大应力集中系数。
Many widely used mechanical equipments in engineering such as aircrafts and aerospace crafts usually consist of complex components. During the service period, the damages of the components usually occur due to loads and inherent faults of the materials. The current widely used fatigue fracture methodology is mainly based on the traditional two-dimensional (2D) fracture theory. Furthermore, the strong three-dimensional (3D) effects often occur when they are appilied to complex structures. Therefore, researches on the three-dimensional damage of the complex mechanical structures have significant meanings in theory and applications. In the present thesis, we focused on the three-dimensional fracture of thin plates with cracks and the stress concentration of finite thickness plate with a pin hole. The main contents are as following:
1.Under remote uniform tensile load, anisotropic thin plates with single edge through straight crack are investigated and analyzed using 3D finite element method. The relationship between the stress intensity factors and relative crack lengths is obtained.The influences of crack length and Poisson’s ratio for out-of-plane constraint factor at the crack tip are detailedly studied. For convenience of engineering applications, the empirical formula is obtained.
2.Through the simplification of the problem of a double-lap mechanical joint of finite thickness isotropic plates with a pin-loaded hole under tensile load at both ends, we study it as a basis problem, that is, tension is applied on one end of the finite thickness plate with a hole, and equivalent even pressure with different angles is applied on the inside of the hole to balance the tension. The relationships between the stress concentration at the hole edge and the plate thicknesses and the loading angles are investigated by use of linear elastic superposition principle and the finite elements method.
3.We also study another problem of a finite thickness plate with a pin-loaded hole. In this case, tension is applied on one end of the plate, and equivalent sine compressive stress with different angles is applied on the inside of the pin-loaded hole to balance the tension. The influences of the stress concentration by the different loading angles and the plate thicknesses are discussed. It is found that the loading angles and variation of plate thicknesses obviously affect the 3D stress concentration coefficients. Therefore, we cannot obtain reasonable results using simple planar solution or surface stress concentration coefficient instead of 3D maximum stress concentration coefficient.
引文
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