摘要
随着半导体激光二极管(LD)的技术不断成熟,LD泵浦的全固化激光器近年来得到飞速发展。高效、可靠、微型的全固化激光器被广泛用于医疗、国防、工业加工以及科学研究等领域。但是,多样化、高质量的全固化激光器仍然是一个重要课题。目前,全固化激光器两个主要领域为:超快激光器的研制和新型固体激光材料的研究。
本论文围绕LD泵浦全固化激光器,以新型晶体掺镱(Yb3+)晶体(Yb:LSO、Yb:LYSO)作为激光介质,利用克尔透镜自锁模和被动锁模两种技术,分别获得超短激光脉冲输出。本论文的主要内容与研究成果如下:
1.简述了LD泵浦全固化激光器的发展历史及其锁模激光器的发展现状,并简单介绍了基于掺Yb3+激光晶体的锁模激光器特点。
2.从锁模的基本原理出发,分析了半导体饱和吸收体(SESAM)被动锁模的工作机理和克尔透镜自锁模原理。
3.对Yb:LSO、Yb:LYSO晶体特性做了简单介绍,并分别对它们锁模特性进行实验研究。采用W型谐振腔,Yb: LSO激光晶体的皮秒激光器,获得输出功率为1.6W,锁模脉宽为4.3ps。Yb:LYSO/SESAM被动锁模激光器获得2.13W的输出功率,脉冲宽度为3.9ps。
4.为获得飞秒激光脉冲输出,在谐振腔内插入色散棱镜对SF10进行色散补偿。对于Yb: LSO飞秒激光器,获得了最大输出功率为800mW,699fs的锁模脉宽,峰值功率达11.0kW。Yb:LYSO飞秒激光器获得了1.03W功率输出,脉宽压缩到780fs,峰值功率为13.4kW。
5.基于Yb:LSO和Yb:LYSO激光晶体,对它们进行了皮秒自锁模实验研究。获得8.7ps锁模脉宽,2.98W输出功率的Yb:LSO自锁模激光脉冲输出,中心波长为1058nm,锁模脉冲半高宽为1.6nm。对于Yb:LYSO自锁模激光器,获得最大输出功率3.08W,脉宽为7.8ps。
With the development of laser diode technology, research on the diode-pumped solid state lasers has gained rapidly advancement. Due to the advantage of high efficiency, reliability and compactness, diode-pumped solid lasers have been widely used in various fields such as medical, national defense, industry processing and scientific researches. However, it remains a major task to develop various high performance diode-pumped solid state lasers. Current researches are focused on: ultra-fast solid state lasers and the new materials for solid state lasers.
The dissertation follows the trend of the diode-pumped laser, we do some experimental studying on self-mode-locking lasers and passively mode-locking lasers, which used two new Yb3+-doped crystals (Yb:LSO、Yb:LYSO)as the laser materials. The contents can be outlined as follows:
1. The history and progress of both the LD pumped solid state lasers and the mode-locked lasers are reviewed, as well as the advantages of Yb3+ materials and the development of mode-locked lasers based on Yb3+-doped crystal.
2. Based on the mode-locking principle theory, the mechanism of self-mode-locking in the nonlinear crystal is analyzed, and the process of passive mode-locking by SESAM is described.
3. Characteristics of Yb:LSO、Yb:LYSO laser crystals and mode-locking lasers are experimental researched. We study on LD pumped Yb:LSO/SESAM laser used W-cavity, 1.6W mode-locked laser output is obtained, and the pulses width is about 4.3ps. At the same times, we also study LD pumped Yb:LYSO passively mode-locked lasers, the output power was 2.13W, and the pulses width was about 3.9ps.
4. In order to obtain the femtosecond laser pulses, a pair of SF10 prisms was inserted into the laser cavity for compensating the positive group-velocity. LD pumped Yb:LSO femtosecond lasers, the maximum output power was 800mW at the incident pump power of 14.44W, corresponds to a peak power of 11.0kW,the mode-locked pulses were compressed to 699fs. And the Yb: LYSO fs laser, the output power was1.03W with a peak power of 13.4W, the pulses width was compressed to 780fs.
5. Experimental studied on LD pumped self-mode-locked lasers, which used Yb:LSO/Yb:LYSO as the laser crystals. In the experiment of the Yb:LSO self-mode-locked laser, we get the continuous wave mode-locking operation, the pulses width was 8.7ps at the center wavelength of 1058nm and the bandwidth was 1.6nm. The corresponding output power was 2.98W. Using the Yb:LYSO as the self-mode-locked crystal, high power and short pulses was obtained. 3.08W output power was achieved with the pulses duration 7.8ps.
引文
[1]侯洵,超短脉冲激光及其应用,空军工程大学学报(自然科学版) , 2000,1(1):1-5
[2]友清,第二代飞秒激光器,激光与光电子学进展, 1995, 32(7):5-10
[3]张志刚等,飞秒激光脉冲技术的发展和应用,激光杂志, 1999, 20(5):7-10
[4]林位株,飞秒激光与超快现象(II)物理, 1998,27(8):463-467
[5]张伟力等,全固化飞秒激光器研究进展,光电子激光, 1999,10(3):282-285
[6]杨云龙,秒脉冲激光振荡器的开发现状,激光与光电子学进展, 2000, 37(10):13-17
[7]杨建军,飞秒激光超精细“冷”加工技术及其应用,激光与光电子进展, 2004 4(3),42-52
[8] A. J. DeMaria et al., self mode-locking of lasers with saturable absorbers, Appl. Phys. Lett,1966, 8:174-176
[9] R.J.Keys, Injection luminescent pumping of CaF2 :U3+ with GaAs diode lasers. Appl. Lett., 1964, 4:50-52
[10] M. Ross, YAG laser operation by semiconductor laser pumping. Proc. IEEE., 1968, 56: 196-197
[11] H. G. Danielmeyer et al., Diode-pump-modulated Nd:YAG laser. J. Appl. Phys., 1972, 43(6): 2911-2913
[12] H. A. Haus, Parameter ranges for CW passive modelocking. IEEE J. Quantum Electron, 1976, QE-12: 169-176
[13] U. Keller et al., Coupled-cavity resonant passive mode-locked Ti-sapphire laser, Opt, Lett., 1990,15:1377-1379
[14] U.Keller et al., Solid-state low-loss intracavity saturable absorber for Nd:YLF lasers:an A-FPSA. Opt. Lett.,1992, 17(7): 505-507
[15] G.P.A.Malcolm et al.Self-mode-locking of a diode-pumped Nd:YLF aser. Opt. Lett.. 1991, 16(24):1967-1969
[16] Y. F. Chen et al., Diode-end-pumped passively mode-locked high-power Nd:YVO4 laser with a relaxed saturable bragg reflector. Opt. Lett., 2001, 26(4):199-201
[17] Jing-Liang He, Ya-Xian Fan and Juan Du et al.,4-ps passively mode-locked Nd:Gd0.5Y0.5VO4 laser with a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror," Opt. Lett. 2004, 29: 2803-2805
[18]陈檬,张丙元,李港等,半导体可饱和吸收镜被动锁模Nd: YAG激光器的研究,中国激光, 2004, 31(6):646-648.
[19] Yong-Gang Wang, Xiao-Yu Ma, Ya-Xian Fan, et.al., Passively mode-locking Nd:Gd0.5 Y0.5 VO4 laser with an In0.25 Ga0.75 As absorber grown at low temperature, Appl. Opt., 2005, 44(20):4384-4387.
[20] Ji-ying Peng, Jie-guang Miao, Yong-gang Wang, et.al., High-average-power and high-conversion-efficiency continuous wave mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser with a semiconductor absorber mirror, Opt.&Las.Tech., 2007, 39,1135-1139.
[21]赵卫等.可用于钕玻璃激光系统的自锁模飞秒激光器,光学学报, 2000, 20(7):947-951
[22]张伟力等,激光二极管抽运的全固化自启动Cr: LiSGAF自锁模激光器,光学学报, 2000,20 (4):575-576
[23] G.Q. Xie, D.Y. Tang, L.M. Zhao, et al.,High-power self-mode-locked Yb:Y2O3 ceramic laser, Optics Letters 2007,32(18): 2741-2743
[24] A.R. Reinberg, L.A. Riseberg, et al., GaAs: Si LED Pumped Yb‐Doped YAG Laser, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1971, 19(1): 11-13
[25] P. Lacovara, H.K. Choi, C.A. Wang, et al. Room temperature diode-pumped Yb: YAG laser, Opt. Lett.,1991,16(14):1089-1091
[26] T.Y. Fan, S. Klunk, G. Henein, Diode-pumped Q-switched Yb:YAG laser. Opt. Lett., 1993, 18(6): 423-425
[27] H. Liu, J. Nees, G. Mourou, Diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:KY(WO4)2 laser, Opt. Lett. 2001, 26: 1723-1725
[28] J. Wallace, Commercial disk laser reaches 4 kW output, Laser focus world, 2004, 9: 19-20
[29] A.A. Lagatsky, A. R. Sarmani, C. T. A. Brown,et al., Yb3+-doped YVO4 crystal for efficient Kerr-lens mode locking in solid-state lasers,Opt. Lett. 2005, 30:3234-3236
[30] Andreas Schmidt, Simon Rivier er al., Continuous-wave tunable and femtosecond mode-locked laser operation of Yb:NaY(MoO4)2, Optical society of America 2008,25(8): 1341-1349
[31] F. Druon, S. Chenais, P. Raybaut, et al., Diode-pumped Yb: Sr3Y(BO3)3 femtosecond laser, Opt.Lett., 2002,27(3): 197-199
[32] Yinghong Xue, Qingyue Wang er al., Passive mode locking of an Yb:YAB laser with a low modulation depth SESAM, Chinese Optics Letters,2004,2(8): 466-467
[33]于海娟李港陈檬等,激光二极管抽运的克尔透镜锁模Yb:YAG激光器,中国激光,2005,32(7): 878-880
[34] Juan Du, Xiaoyan Liang, 1ps passively mode-locked laser operation of Na,Yb:CaF2 crystal, Optics Express,2005,13(20): 7970-7975
[35] H. Luo, D.Y. Tang, G.Q. Xie,et al., High-power passive mode-locking of a diode pumped Yb:GdVO4 laser, Optics Communications, 2008, 281(21): 5382-5384
[36] H. Luo, D.Y. Tang, G.Q. Xie, H.J. Zhang, et al., High-power mode-locked operation of Yb-doped NaY(WO4)2 end-pumped by laser diodes, Laser. Phys. Lett. 2008, 5: 651-654
[37] F. Thibault , D. Pelenc, F. Druon, et al., Efficient diode-pumped Yb3+:Y2SiO5 and Yb3+:Lu2SiO5 high-power femtosecond laser operation. Opt. Lett. 2006, 31(10): 1555~1557
[38] Wenxue Li, Shixiang Xu, Haifeng Pan et al.., Efficient tunable diode-pumped Yb:LYSO laser. Opt. Express,2006,14(15): 6681~6686
[39] Wenxue Li, Qiang Hao, Hui Zhai et al.. Diode-pumped Yb:GSO femtosecond laser. Opt. Express,2007,5(5): 2354~2359
[40] B. Zhou, Z. Wei, Y. Zhang, X. Zhong, H. Teng, L.Zheng, L.Su, and J. Xu, Generation of 210 fs laser pulses at 1093 nm by a self-starting mode-locked Yb:GYSO laser, Opt. Lett. 2009, 34(1): 31-33
[1] W.克希耐尔《固体激光工程》,科学出版社,2003.
[2]周炳琨,高以智,陈倜嵘,陈家骅,激光原理,国防工业出版社,2000.
[3]蓝信钜,激光技术,科学出版社,2000.
[4]尹丽娜,LD泵浦全固化自锁模和SESAM锁模激光器的研究,硕士论文,北京工业大学,2002
[5] U. Keller et al., Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-state Lasers, IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Invited Paper, 1996, 2: 435-436
[6] F. X. K?rtner, L. R. Brovelli, D. Kopf, M. Kamp, I. Calasso, and U. Keller,“Control of solid-state laser dynamics by semiconductor devices,”Opt. Eng., 1995, 34: 2024-2036
[7]郭玉洁,自锁模固体激光器自启动理论研究,硕士论文,新疆大学,2007
[8]张宁,邢岐荣,韩秀芹等.自锁模固体激光器自启动理论研究,中国激光,2001, A28(4) : 293~297
[9]帕力哈提·米吉提,陶然.瓦吉地.自聚焦型自锁模固体激光器谐振腔的最优化研究,中国激光,2003, 30(12) : 1079~1082
[1]徐军等,掺镱激光晶体材料,上海:上海科学普及出版社,2005
[2] L. Zheng, J. Xu, G. Zhao et al.. Bulk crystal growth and efficient diode-pumped laser performance of Yb3+:Sc2SiO5. Appl. Phys. B. 2008, 91(3-4): 443~445
[3] M. Jacquemet, C. Jacquemet, N. Janel et al.. Efficient laser action of Yb:LSO and Yb:YSO oxyorthosilicates crystals under high-power diode-pumping. Appl. Phys. B. 2005, 80(2): 171~176
[4] Juan Du, Xiaoyan Liang, Yi Xu et al.. Diode-pumped efficient laser action of Yb3+:LYSO crystal. Chin. Opt. Lett. 2007, 5(3): 172~174
[5]翟惠,半导体激光泵浦全固化掺Yb3+晶体激光技术研究,硕士论文,华东师范大学,2007
[6]胡江海,LD泵浦新型掺Yb3+晶体激光器的研究,硕士论文,北京工业大学,2006
[7]周炳琨,高以智,陈倜嵘,陈家骅,激光原理,国防工业出版社,2000
[8]杜鹃,全固态SESAM连续波1064nm被动锁模激光器的研究,硕士论文,山东师范
[9]胡江海,周劲峰等.半导体可饱和吸收镜调Q的Yb:LSO激光器,中国激光, 2006, 33(10) : 1297~1300
[10] Yi Xu , Xiaoyan Liang , Juan Du et al., Efficient tunable diode-pumped CW Yb:LSO laser. Chin. Opt. Lett. 2007, 5(S1): S27~S28
[11] C. Honninger, R. Paschotta, F. Morier-Genoud, M. Moser, and U. Keller,“Q-switching stability limits of continuous-wave passive mode locking,”J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 1999,16: 46-56
[1] R.L. Fork, O.E. Martinez, J.P. Gordon, Negative dispersion using pairs of prisms, Opt. Lett., 1984, 9: 150-152
[2] B. Zhou, Z. Wei, Y. Zhang, X. Zhong, H. Teng, L.Zheng, L.Su, and J. Xu, Generation of 210 fs laser pulses at 1093 nm by a self-starting mode-locked Yb: GYSO laser, Opt. Lett. 2009, 34(1): 31-33
[3] Nicola Coluccelli, Gianluca Galzerano, Mauro Tonelli, et al., Diode-pumped Yb3+:KYF4 femtosecond laser, Opt. Lett., 2008, 33: 1141-1143.
[4] J. Aus der Au, S. F. Schaer, R. Paschotta, C. H?nninger, U. Keller, and M. Moser, "High-power diode-pumped passively mode-locked Yb:YAG lasers," Opt. Lett. 1999, 24: 1281-1283
[5] Y. Zaouter, J. Didierjean, F. Balembois, G. L. Leclin, F. Druon, P. Georges, J. Petit, P. Goldner, and B. Viana, "47-fs diode-pumped Yb3+:CaGdAlO4 laser," Opt. Lett. 2006, 31: 119-121
[6] Juan Du, Xiaoyan Liang, Yi Xu et al.. Diode-pumped efficient laser action of Yb3+: LYSO crystal. Chin. Opt. Lett. 2007, 5(3): 172~174
[7] Xu Shixiang , Li Wenxue , HAO Qiang et al..Efficient Laser-Diode End-Pumped Passively Q-Switched Mode-Locked Yb:LYSO Laser Based on SESAM. Chin.Phys.Lett. 2008, 25(2): 548~551
[1] H. Liu, J. Nees and G. Mourou. Diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:KY(WO4)2 laser[J]. Opt. Lett. 2001,26(21): 1723~1725
[2] A.A. Lagatsky, A. R. Sarmani, C. T. A. Brown et al..,Yb3+-doped YVO4 crystal for efficient Kerr-lens mode locking in solid-state lasers[J]. Opt. Lett. 2005, 30(23): 3234~3236
[3]于海娟,李港,陈檬等.激光二极管抽运的克尔透镜锁模Yb:YAG激光器,中国激光, 2005, 32(7) : 878~880
[4] V. L. Kalashnikov, V. P. Kalosha, I. G. Poloyko, V. P. Mikhailov, Optimal resonators for self-mode locking of continuous-wave solid-state lasers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B,1997,14: 964-969
[5] Jinan Xia, Min Hee Lee, Analysis of Cavities for Self-Starting Kerr-Lens Mode-Locked Lasers, Appl. Opt. 2002, 41: 453-458
[6]王伟卫,陈飞,洪正平,范秀伟,刘杰,郑丽和,苏良碧,徐军.激光二极管抽运Yb:LSO自锁模激光器,中国激光,2009, 36(7): 1802-1803
[7]帕力哈提·米吉提,陶然.瓦吉地.自聚焦型自锁模固体激光器谐振腔的最优化研究,中国激光,2003, 30(12) : 1079-1082
[8]张宁,邢岐荣,韩秀芹等.自锁模固体激光器自启动理论研究,中国激光,2001, A28(4) : 293-297