Fenton-A/O法处理垃圾渗滤液的实验研究
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摘要
垃圾渗滤液中,有机物含量高,且其中大部分为难降解的大分子复杂有机物,氨氮及重金属离子含量也较高,水质变化大,若不妥善处理,会对地下水及周围环境造成严重污染,影响人们日常生活。而采用一般的生物或物理方法来处理难以满足处理的技术要求,因此垃圾渗滤液的处理已成为城市环境中亟待解决的问题。
本文采用Fenton法与A/O法相结合的方法来对垃圾渗滤液进行处理,研究Fenton试剂对垃圾渗滤液中COD,NH_3-N的最佳去除条件,降低垃圾渗滤液的生物毒性,提高渗滤液的可生化性,为后续A/O工艺生化处理创造良好的条件。实验通过正交实验和单因素分析实验得出Fenton试剂去除渗滤液中COD、TP的最佳去除条件。并综合考虑实验去除效果和成本问题,最终确定Fenton试剂处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳条件为:初始pH=5,FeSO_4·7H_2O投加量0.03mol·L~(-1),反应时间2h,nH_2O_2: nFe~(2+)=1: 1。
在分别将Fenton试剂处理后的垃圾渗滤液与模拟生活污水及垃圾渗滤液与模拟生活污水按不同比例进入A/O反应器的对比实验结果表明,经过Fenton试剂处理后的垃圾渗滤液再与模拟生活污水混合,其COD、NH3-N去除率有一定程度的提高,这说明Fenton处理后的渗滤液的可生化性提高了,但这两种情况下的混合废水均只有在比例为1:50和1:25时候,出水COD浓度能够达到GB18918-2002城镇污水处理厂污染物排放二级标准,再增加比例则无法达标。氨氮由于本身浓度较高,混合废水在任意比例情况下,出水氨氮浓度均不能达到GB18918-2002城镇污水处理厂氨氮排放标准。这说明在将垃圾渗滤液与城镇生活污水进行混合处理,要使出水达到排放标准,两者比例不宜过高且要适量降低原渗滤液中氨氮浓度。
There are some characteristics existing on Landfill leachate, such as high content of organic compouds, most of which are refractory to biodegradation and complex organic of macromolecule, changeable water quality, high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal, thereby if not treated properly, it will pollute the groundwater and its surrounding, also influence human daily life. And yet neither of the common biological and physical methods meets the technical treating requirements, accordingly studying on treating leachate is imperative and urgent.
In this paper, Fenton method and A / O method were combined to treat landfill leachate. the Fenton reagent optimum experimental condition was determined for removing COD, NH_3-N in leachate, the toxicity to bacteria was reduced, the biodegradability of leachate was improved and the more suitable conditions for following A / O bio-treatment were created
Though orthogonal experiments and single factor analysis experiment, the Fenton reagent optimum experimental condition was determined for removing COD, NH_3-N in leachate. Taken the experimental efficiency and cost into consideration, the most suitable condition was defined and was that the initial pH = 5, FeSO_4·7H_2O dosage 0.03mol/L, reaction time 2h, nH_2O_2: nFe~(2+) = 1: 1.
Mixed the simulated sewage and treated leachate by Fenton reagent or untreated, two new kinds of wastewater were procured. Put the two kind of wastewater into A / O reactor respectively, they were treated by the biochemical method, aquatic quality of COD and TP was measured. Contrasting the mixture of treated leachate and simulated sewage to mixture of leachate and simulated sewage, the COD and NH_3-N removal rate was improved evidently. It meant the biodegradability was increased. But only when the volume rations of the two kinds mixture were 1:50 and 1:25 can the COD concentration meetⅡ-class criteria of urban wastewater treatment plant discharge standard (GB18918-2002), any increment proportion of leachate, even treated leachate, would lead it to fail to reach the criteria.
Due to the high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, in any proportion cases, effluent ammonia concentration could not reach GB18918-2002 urban sewage treatment plant ammonia discharge standards. It meant that complying with the discharge standard required the mixture ammonia concentration must be decreased, in other words landfill leachate shoud make up only a small section of the mixture.
本文采用Fenton法与A/O法相结合的方法来对垃圾渗滤液进行处理,研究Fenton试剂对垃圾渗滤液中COD,NH_3-N的最佳去除条件,降低垃圾渗滤液的生物毒性,提高渗滤液的可生化性,为后续A/O工艺生化处理创造良好的条件。实验通过正交实验和单因素分析实验得出Fenton试剂去除渗滤液中COD、TP的最佳去除条件。并综合考虑实验去除效果和成本问题,最终确定Fenton试剂处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳条件为:初始pH=5,FeSO_4·7H_2O投加量0.03mol·L~(-1),反应时间2h,nH_2O_2: nFe~(2+)=1: 1。
在分别将Fenton试剂处理后的垃圾渗滤液与模拟生活污水及垃圾渗滤液与模拟生活污水按不同比例进入A/O反应器的对比实验结果表明,经过Fenton试剂处理后的垃圾渗滤液再与模拟生活污水混合,其COD、NH3-N去除率有一定程度的提高,这说明Fenton处理后的渗滤液的可生化性提高了,但这两种情况下的混合废水均只有在比例为1:50和1:25时候,出水COD浓度能够达到GB18918-2002城镇污水处理厂污染物排放二级标准,再增加比例则无法达标。氨氮由于本身浓度较高,混合废水在任意比例情况下,出水氨氮浓度均不能达到GB18918-2002城镇污水处理厂氨氮排放标准。这说明在将垃圾渗滤液与城镇生活污水进行混合处理,要使出水达到排放标准,两者比例不宜过高且要适量降低原渗滤液中氨氮浓度。
There are some characteristics existing on Landfill leachate, such as high content of organic compouds, most of which are refractory to biodegradation and complex organic of macromolecule, changeable water quality, high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal, thereby if not treated properly, it will pollute the groundwater and its surrounding, also influence human daily life. And yet neither of the common biological and physical methods meets the technical treating requirements, accordingly studying on treating leachate is imperative and urgent.
In this paper, Fenton method and A / O method were combined to treat landfill leachate. the Fenton reagent optimum experimental condition was determined for removing COD, NH_3-N in leachate, the toxicity to bacteria was reduced, the biodegradability of leachate was improved and the more suitable conditions for following A / O bio-treatment were created
Though orthogonal experiments and single factor analysis experiment, the Fenton reagent optimum experimental condition was determined for removing COD, NH_3-N in leachate. Taken the experimental efficiency and cost into consideration, the most suitable condition was defined and was that the initial pH = 5, FeSO_4·7H_2O dosage 0.03mol/L, reaction time 2h, nH_2O_2: nFe~(2+) = 1: 1.
Mixed the simulated sewage and treated leachate by Fenton reagent or untreated, two new kinds of wastewater were procured. Put the two kind of wastewater into A / O reactor respectively, they were treated by the biochemical method, aquatic quality of COD and TP was measured. Contrasting the mixture of treated leachate and simulated sewage to mixture of leachate and simulated sewage, the COD and NH_3-N removal rate was improved evidently. It meant the biodegradability was increased. But only when the volume rations of the two kinds mixture were 1:50 and 1:25 can the COD concentration meetⅡ-class criteria of urban wastewater treatment plant discharge standard (GB18918-2002), any increment proportion of leachate, even treated leachate, would lead it to fail to reach the criteria.
Due to the high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, in any proportion cases, effluent ammonia concentration could not reach GB18918-2002 urban sewage treatment plant ammonia discharge standards. It meant that complying with the discharge standard required the mixture ammonia concentration must be decreased, in other words landfill leachate shoud make up only a small section of the mixture.
引文
[1]国家环境保护总局污染控制司.城市固体废物管理与处理处置技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社.2000,1.
[2]薛红琴,速宝玉,盛金昌等.垃圾填埋场渗滤液的防渗措施和地区水的污染防护[J].安全与环境科学,2002, 2 (4 ): 18-22.
[3]郭广慧,陈玉成.城市生活垃圾渗滤液处理技术的研究.环境科学与管理[J].2006,31(1):138.
[4]邹莲花.城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质影响因素分析及水质预测[J].给水排水,2005,23(7):57-60.
[5]潘终胜,汤金辉,赵文玉等.化学沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的试验研究[J].桂林工学院学报,2003,23(1):89~92.
[6] Ahn W,Kang M,Yim S,et al.Advanced landfill leachate treatment using anintegrated membrane process.Desalination,2002,149:109~114.
[7]黄本生.用光催化氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液的实验研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2003,4(4):22~26.
[8] Thomas A P . Purification of landfill leachate with membrane filtration . Filtration andSeparation,1998,35(1):33~36.
[9]罗建中,齐水冰,操洲杏等.光催化氧化法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2001,23(2):63~65.
[10]汪慧贞,沈家杰.英国垃圾填埋场渗滤水处理及共沼气利用简介[J].给水排水,2004,20(7):23~25.
[11]徐迪民,李国建,于晓华等.垃圾填埋场渗滤水回灌技术的研究[J].同济大学学报,2005,(32):119~128.
[12]卢成洪,徐迪民.回灌法处理城市垃圾填埋场渗沥液[J].上海环境科学,2001,1616(1):38~40.
[13] Bulc Tjasa Vrhovsek,Danijel,Kukanja,Vlasta.The use of constructed wetland forlandfill leachate treatment[J].Wat.Sci.Tech,2003,35(5):301~306.
[14] Craig D.Martin.Nutrient reduction in an in-series constructed wetland system tr-eating landfill leachate[J].Wat.Sci.Tech,2004,29(4):267~272.
[15] Keith D,Johnson,Craig D,Martin.Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of land-fill leach-ates[M].Lewis Publishers,Chelsea,2003,Chapter5:63~69.
[16]邹莲花,王宝贞,居德金等.城市生活垃圾填埋场渗沥液处理的试验研究[J].给水排水,2001,22(5):13~14.
[17]胡慧青.天子岭垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理及其工艺改进[J].污染防治技术,2003,11(1):62~64.
[18]陈增丰,张瑞明.天子岭垃圾填埋场环境污染状况及趋势探讨[J].环境卫生工程,2004,4:7~12.
[19]沈耀良,张建平,王惠民.苏州七子山垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质变化及处理工艺方案研究[J].给水排水,2000,26(5):22~26.
[20]温焜南,李红新,邓正智等.脱氮-混凝气浮-UASB-接触氧化法处理垃圾填埋渗滤液.云南环境科学,2004,23(1):57~59.
[21]张兰英等.垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物的污染及去除[J],中国环境科学,1998 ,18 (2) :184 ~ 188.
[22]王里奥,顾恒岳.垃圾渗滤液处理的试验研究[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(2):100.
[23]王丹,赵朝成.城市垃圾渗滤液处理技术发展现状[J].油气田环境保护,2006,16(1):37.
[24] Calace N., Liberatori A., Petronio B.M., et al. Characteristics of different molecular weight fractions of organic matter in landfill leachate and their role in soil sorption of heavy metals.Environmental Pollution, 2001, 113 (3) :331～339.
[25]赵宗升,刘鸿亮,李炳伟,杨苏文,袁光钰.垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染的控制技术[J].中国给水排水.
[26] Wang F, Smith D.W., Gamal El-Din M. Application of advanced oxidation methods for landfill leachate treatment.A review Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science,2003, 2 (6) :413～42.
[27] Ammerman D K.Once the province of communities the south and west,water reuse is gaining popularity throughout the United States[J ].Water Environment & Techno logy,1998,67~ 71.
[28]李晨,杨朝晖,曾光明,高锋.我国城市垃圾渗滤液处理现状与展望[J].环境卫生工程.2004,12(3):136.
[29] Kargi Fikret.Yunus Pamukoglu M.Simultaneous adsorption and biological treatment of pre-treated landfill leachate by fed-batch operation, Process Biochemistry, 2003,38:1413~1420.
[30] Yun Whankang,Kyung-Yub Hwang. Effects of reaction conditions on the oxidation efficiency in the Fenton process [J]. Wat.Res.,2000,34(10):2786-2790.
[31]张懿.城市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液的处理技术综述[J].重庆环境科学,2000,22(5):31~35.
[32]王立军,聂广正,李森等. Fenton试剂法在垃圾渗滤液深度处理中的应用[J].长春工程学院学报,2006,7(2):37~39.
[33]高艳娇,黄继国,聂广正,等. Fenton氧化法深度处理垃圾渗滤液[J].工业用水与废水,2005.36(6):39~41.
[34]赵冰清,陈胜,孙德智,等.Fenton工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(8):1285~1288.
[35]王开演,汪晓军.混凝- Fenton法深度处理垃圾渗滤液[J].净水技术2008,27( 3) :35- 38.
[36]张晖,Huang C.P.Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(3):1~3.
[37]张晖,Huang C.P.Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的影响因素分析[J].中国给水排水[J],2002,18(3):14~17.
[38]张晖,Huang Cin-pao.渗滤液生化特性在Fenton处理过程中的变化[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(4):25~32.
[39]国家环保总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989.
[2]薛红琴,速宝玉,盛金昌等.垃圾填埋场渗滤液的防渗措施和地区水的污染防护[J].安全与环境科学,2002, 2 (4 ): 18-22.
[3]郭广慧,陈玉成.城市生活垃圾渗滤液处理技术的研究.环境科学与管理[J].2006,31(1):138.
[4]邹莲花.城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质影响因素分析及水质预测[J].给水排水,2005,23(7):57-60.
[5]潘终胜,汤金辉,赵文玉等.化学沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的试验研究[J].桂林工学院学报,2003,23(1):89~92.
[6] Ahn W,Kang M,Yim S,et al.Advanced landfill leachate treatment using anintegrated membrane process.Desalination,2002,149:109~114.
[7]黄本生.用光催化氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液的实验研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2003,4(4):22~26.
[8] Thomas A P . Purification of landfill leachate with membrane filtration . Filtration andSeparation,1998,35(1):33~36.
[9]罗建中,齐水冰,操洲杏等.光催化氧化法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2001,23(2):63~65.
[10]汪慧贞,沈家杰.英国垃圾填埋场渗滤水处理及共沼气利用简介[J].给水排水,2004,20(7):23~25.
[11]徐迪民,李国建,于晓华等.垃圾填埋场渗滤水回灌技术的研究[J].同济大学学报,2005,(32):119~128.
[12]卢成洪,徐迪民.回灌法处理城市垃圾填埋场渗沥液[J].上海环境科学,2001,1616(1):38~40.
[13] Bulc Tjasa Vrhovsek,Danijel,Kukanja,Vlasta.The use of constructed wetland forlandfill leachate treatment[J].Wat.Sci.Tech,2003,35(5):301~306.
[14] Craig D.Martin.Nutrient reduction in an in-series constructed wetland system tr-eating landfill leachate[J].Wat.Sci.Tech,2004,29(4):267~272.
[15] Keith D,Johnson,Craig D,Martin.Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of land-fill leach-ates[M].Lewis Publishers,Chelsea,2003,Chapter5:63~69.
[16]邹莲花,王宝贞,居德金等.城市生活垃圾填埋场渗沥液处理的试验研究[J].给水排水,2001,22(5):13~14.
[17]胡慧青.天子岭垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理及其工艺改进[J].污染防治技术,2003,11(1):62~64.
[18]陈增丰,张瑞明.天子岭垃圾填埋场环境污染状况及趋势探讨[J].环境卫生工程,2004,4:7~12.
[19]沈耀良,张建平,王惠民.苏州七子山垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质变化及处理工艺方案研究[J].给水排水,2000,26(5):22~26.
[20]温焜南,李红新,邓正智等.脱氮-混凝气浮-UASB-接触氧化法处理垃圾填埋渗滤液.云南环境科学,2004,23(1):57~59.
[21]张兰英等.垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物的污染及去除[J],中国环境科学,1998 ,18 (2) :184 ~ 188.
[22]王里奥,顾恒岳.垃圾渗滤液处理的试验研究[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(2):100.
[23]王丹,赵朝成.城市垃圾渗滤液处理技术发展现状[J].油气田环境保护,2006,16(1):37.
[24] Calace N., Liberatori A., Petronio B.M., et al. Characteristics of different molecular weight fractions of organic matter in landfill leachate and their role in soil sorption of heavy metals.Environmental Pollution, 2001, 113 (3) :331～339.
[25]赵宗升,刘鸿亮,李炳伟,杨苏文,袁光钰.垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染的控制技术[J].中国给水排水.
[26] Wang F, Smith D.W., Gamal El-Din M. Application of advanced oxidation methods for landfill leachate treatment.A review Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science,2003, 2 (6) :413～42.
[27] Ammerman D K.Once the province of communities the south and west,water reuse is gaining popularity throughout the United States[J ].Water Environment & Techno logy,1998,67~ 71.
[28]李晨,杨朝晖,曾光明,高锋.我国城市垃圾渗滤液处理现状与展望[J].环境卫生工程.2004,12(3):136.
[29] Kargi Fikret.Yunus Pamukoglu M.Simultaneous adsorption and biological treatment of pre-treated landfill leachate by fed-batch operation, Process Biochemistry, 2003,38:1413~1420.
[30] Yun Whankang,Kyung-Yub Hwang. Effects of reaction conditions on the oxidation efficiency in the Fenton process [J]. Wat.Res.,2000,34(10):2786-2790.
[31]张懿.城市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液的处理技术综述[J].重庆环境科学,2000,22(5):31~35.
[32]王立军,聂广正,李森等. Fenton试剂法在垃圾渗滤液深度处理中的应用[J].长春工程学院学报,2006,7(2):37~39.
[33]高艳娇,黄继国,聂广正,等. Fenton氧化法深度处理垃圾渗滤液[J].工业用水与废水,2005.36(6):39~41.
[34]赵冰清,陈胜,孙德智,等.Fenton工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(8):1285~1288.
[35]王开演,汪晓军.混凝- Fenton法深度处理垃圾渗滤液[J].净水技术2008,27( 3) :35- 38.
[36]张晖,Huang C.P.Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(3):1~3.
[37]张晖,Huang C.P.Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的影响因素分析[J].中国给水排水[J],2002,18(3):14~17.
[38]张晖,Huang Cin-pao.渗滤液生化特性在Fenton处理过程中的变化[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(4):25~32.
[39]国家环保总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989.