锑合金富氧吹炼锑白的新工艺研究
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摘要
本文着眼于目前我国铅冶炼行业方兴未艾的综合回收热潮,研究出一种简单且高科技含量的锑白生产新工艺,该工艺把铅冶炼的综合回收与锑白产品的制备有机地结合起来,在投资少、成本低的条件下,开发出了符合国家一级三氧化二锑标准的产品,对同行业含锑物料的综合回收开辟了新的通道,具有良好的推广和应用价值,意义深远。
论文通过分析熔炼渣中各元素与氧亲和力的不同及锑挥发的性质,提出了将富氧技术应用于锑合金脱砷精炼和直接吹炼锑白工艺,缩短了熔炼时间,大幅度提高了产能。通过对比、分析国内外锑白生产设备,分别选择了精炼锅和氧化锅作为碱性精炼和锑白吹炼设备,并进行试生产,整个工序精简为3个,熔炼工序锑直收率≥75%,氧化工序锑回收率>96%,锑白质量达到国标99.50%以上。
分析和考察了富氧对碱性精炼和锑白吹炼过程的影响。确定了碱性精炼的温度为630℃,富氧浓度为23～25%,精炼除砷量提高了19.95%；锑白吹炼的试验表明当富氧浓度大于26%时,铅、铁等杂质挥发进入锑白中,同时白度下降,从而确定了富氧浓度为26%,锑白生产效率提高了50.83%；揭示了锑白生产过程中富氧浓度、温度、冷却风量等对其结构形貌的影响。确定了影响锑白直收率的主要因素,通过控制精炼温度、降低除砷渣中锑含量和降低底铅含锑量,提高了锑白直收率,大大降低了生产成本。
该锑白生产工艺对原料适应性强,对影响锑白质量的Bi等元素含量没有严格要求,运用范围较广。该工艺能将原料中的Sb较快的得以回收形成产品,Sb的回收率高,实现了铅锑的较彻底的分离,避免了铅在过程中的无效循环。同传统生产锑白的工艺相比,不需要将粗锑合金进一步生产成精锑,不仅缩短了流程,而且降低了加工成本,同时指标易于控制,产品质量稳定。同生产次锑氧粉相比,不仅提高了产品的等级和档次,而且在成本增加不多的情况下,经济效益显著提高。生产的锑白质量稳定,白度高,化学成分和物理性能均达到GB/T4062-1998标准,市场销售良好。该工艺简单、对原料要求低。因此,作为传统火法锑白生产的有益补充,新工艺具有较好的应用前景。
Based on the ascendant comprehensive reclamation of lead refinery industry in current time, a new simple and high-tech production technology of antimony white are researched in the paper, which has low demand for raw material, and its importance appear with the depleted antimony resources.
Combining comprehensive reclamation of lead refinery and production of antimony white preparation organically, the production of antimony trioxide in accordance with the senior standard of the nation is developed with less investment and low cost. The technology opens up a channel for comprehensive reclamation of material containing antimony in the same industry and has great value in promotion and application.
The nature of metal element in molten slag after smelting gold and silver in lead anode slime is researched in the paper. By using the different oxygen affinity of the metal element and the volatile nature of antimony, the element antimony can be separated and reclaimed. Through theoretical analysis and experimental research, it reveals the mechanism of the antimony white structure feature control in the new process. The researches show that the new technology of production of antimony white by using anode slime slag has the following characteristics:Firstly,the production process, which can be used broadly, has the strong adaptability to raw materials and doesn't has strict require for the content of the elements such as Bi which has the bad effect on the quality of antimony white.In the electrolytic lead system, Pb, Au, Ag can be recycled after they are enriched through reduction, oxidation and other processes. In the technology Sb can be recycled to form production faster, which means higher reclamation rate, and realizing the thoroughly separation of lead in lead-antimony system which can avoid invalid cycling of lead in such process. Compared with the traditional antimony white production process, the technology dose not need refine crude antimony alloy to refining antimony, and can shorten the processes, lower the processing costs, be easy to control the index. Meanwhile the quality is stable. Compared with producing sub-antimony oxide powder, the new technology can not only improve the level and grade of the products, but also enhance the economic benefits significantly with less increased costs. The produced antimony white has the feature of stable quality, high whiteness. Its chemical composition and physical properties are complied with the standard of GB/T4062---1998 and the production is sold well. The technology has short process, with low demand for raw materials. Therefore, as the useful addition to the traditional production of pyrometallurgy antimony white, the new technology can be well applied in the future.
论文通过分析熔炼渣中各元素与氧亲和力的不同及锑挥发的性质,提出了将富氧技术应用于锑合金脱砷精炼和直接吹炼锑白工艺,缩短了熔炼时间,大幅度提高了产能。通过对比、分析国内外锑白生产设备,分别选择了精炼锅和氧化锅作为碱性精炼和锑白吹炼设备,并进行试生产,整个工序精简为3个,熔炼工序锑直收率≥75%,氧化工序锑回收率>96%,锑白质量达到国标99.50%以上。
分析和考察了富氧对碱性精炼和锑白吹炼过程的影响。确定了碱性精炼的温度为630℃,富氧浓度为23～25%,精炼除砷量提高了19.95%；锑白吹炼的试验表明当富氧浓度大于26%时,铅、铁等杂质挥发进入锑白中,同时白度下降,从而确定了富氧浓度为26%,锑白生产效率提高了50.83%；揭示了锑白生产过程中富氧浓度、温度、冷却风量等对其结构形貌的影响。确定了影响锑白直收率的主要因素,通过控制精炼温度、降低除砷渣中锑含量和降低底铅含锑量,提高了锑白直收率,大大降低了生产成本。
该锑白生产工艺对原料适应性强,对影响锑白质量的Bi等元素含量没有严格要求,运用范围较广。该工艺能将原料中的Sb较快的得以回收形成产品,Sb的回收率高,实现了铅锑的较彻底的分离,避免了铅在过程中的无效循环。同传统生产锑白的工艺相比,不需要将粗锑合金进一步生产成精锑,不仅缩短了流程,而且降低了加工成本,同时指标易于控制,产品质量稳定。同生产次锑氧粉相比,不仅提高了产品的等级和档次,而且在成本增加不多的情况下,经济效益显著提高。生产的锑白质量稳定,白度高,化学成分和物理性能均达到GB/T4062-1998标准,市场销售良好。该工艺简单、对原料要求低。因此,作为传统火法锑白生产的有益补充,新工艺具有较好的应用前景。
Based on the ascendant comprehensive reclamation of lead refinery industry in current time, a new simple and high-tech production technology of antimony white are researched in the paper, which has low demand for raw material, and its importance appear with the depleted antimony resources.
Combining comprehensive reclamation of lead refinery and production of antimony white preparation organically, the production of antimony trioxide in accordance with the senior standard of the nation is developed with less investment and low cost. The technology opens up a channel for comprehensive reclamation of material containing antimony in the same industry and has great value in promotion and application.
The nature of metal element in molten slag after smelting gold and silver in lead anode slime is researched in the paper. By using the different oxygen affinity of the metal element and the volatile nature of antimony, the element antimony can be separated and reclaimed. Through theoretical analysis and experimental research, it reveals the mechanism of the antimony white structure feature control in the new process. The researches show that the new technology of production of antimony white by using anode slime slag has the following characteristics:Firstly,the production process, which can be used broadly, has the strong adaptability to raw materials and doesn't has strict require for the content of the elements such as Bi which has the bad effect on the quality of antimony white.In the electrolytic lead system, Pb, Au, Ag can be recycled after they are enriched through reduction, oxidation and other processes. In the technology Sb can be recycled to form production faster, which means higher reclamation rate, and realizing the thoroughly separation of lead in lead-antimony system which can avoid invalid cycling of lead in such process. Compared with the traditional antimony white production process, the technology dose not need refine crude antimony alloy to refining antimony, and can shorten the processes, lower the processing costs, be easy to control the index. Meanwhile the quality is stable. Compared with producing sub-antimony oxide powder, the new technology can not only improve the level and grade of the products, but also enhance the economic benefits significantly with less increased costs. The produced antimony white has the feature of stable quality, high whiteness. Its chemical composition and physical properties are complied with the standard of GB/T4062---1998 and the production is sold well. The technology has short process, with low demand for raw materials. Therefore, as the useful addition to the traditional production of pyrometallurgy antimony white, the new technology can be well applied in the future.
引文
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