柿竹园矿采空区冒落破坏规律研究
|
摘要
柿竹园多金属矿床呈透镜状分布,自上而下重迭,形成四个矿带。目前主要开采位于Ⅲ矿带490m水平以上的315×313m富矿段,采区由西往东划分成四个盘区,每个盘区从北至南分为九个矿块,共36个矿块。矿房间、盘区间均留15m厚的连续矿柱。经过二十几年的开采,490m水平以上36个矿块,已采动34块,仅剩2块未采。但自1987年矿山开始开采以来,由于矿体富集品位相对较低,加上世界钨产品价格偏低,以及原料工业比价不合理,矿山经营效益低,经济实力不足,除保证采选正常运作外,无力对采空区进行充填处理。因此导致目前累计采空区达200万m3,顶板暴露面积3万m2。由于采空区长时间未能处理,连续矿柱多处垮落,累计长240m,最大顶板连续暴露面积达8000m2,这对矿柱回采以及490m水平以下矿体开采造成了巨大威胁。如何结合矿山实际情况,合理整体规划开发矿产资源,确定安全可行的矿柱回采方案,并且确保柿竹园矿安全、高效、可持续发展是目前亟待解决的重大难题。
为掌握柿竹园多金属矿床富矿段的地压活动规律,消除采空区的安全隐患,控制和减少不良的地质灾害的发生,确保矿柱回采安全可行、企业可持续发展,必须对该矿的开采技术与环境条件进行全面研究。从地压与岩移监控的角度出发,对矿床矿体的整体稳定性和上覆山体的岩移进行三维模拟分析并进行预测预报,并及时反馈到实际的采矿生产过程中,对不良区段可能诱发地质灾害的部位进行综合防治。
本文作者在实地勘探调查研究之后,从影响空区冒落因素出发研究柿竹园矿的空区冒落破坏影响因素,从矿体的工程地质评价、矿床的赋存环境与矿体的开采现状分析着手,利用有限元数值模拟方法,对矿体围岩的应力分布、稳定性状态、矿体开采方式、地压控制方式等研究。参考国内外学者对矿山空区冒落破坏特征的研究,探索柿竹园矿采空区的稳定性及破坏规律,对比分析隔一采一与隔二采一两种不同方案回采矿柱的安全性及可行性,为柿竹园多金属矿490m水平回采矿柱方案提供安全可靠的决策依据。
Shizhuyuan lenticular ore distribution, from top to bottom overlap to form four belts. At present the major mining bonanza at 490 meters above paragraph. Mining area to the east, divided into four panels, each panel is divided into nine from north to south ore blocks, a total of 36 blocks. Mine room,15m thick disk limits are to remain continuous pillar. After 20 years of mining, leaving only two blocks of unmined. However, since 1987, since the mine began mining, as ore grade is relatively low enrichment, coupled with low world price of tungsten products, and industrial raw materials price ratio reasonable, mine operating efficiency is low, lack of economic strength, in addition to ensure the normal operation of mining, the inability to deal with filling of mined areas. Gob led to the current total of 200 million cubic meters of exposed roof area of 30,000 square meters. As a long time failed to deal with Gob, continuous breaking down many of pillar 240 meters total length, maximum roof area of 8,000 square meters of continuous exposure. This pillaring and 490 meters below the ore mining has caused tremendous threat. How to combine the mine situation, a reasonable overall planning and development of mineral resources, determine the feasible and safe pillar recovery program, and to ensure Shizhuyuan mine safe, efficient, sustainable development is a major problem be solved.
To master the rich ore deposits Shizhuyuan metal segment to Pressure Activities, to eliminate safety hazards Gob, control and reduce the incidence of adverse geological disasters. To ensure safe and pillar mining, sustainable development of enterprises, the exploitation of the mine must be technical and environmental conditions to conduct a comprehensive study. Pressure and rock movement from the ground control point of view, the stability of the deposit as a whole to consider. The stability of the ore body and the overlying mountain of three-dimensional simulation of rock movement and to forecast, and timely feedback to the actual mining production process. Of possible geological disasters were part of comprehensive prevention and control.
This exploration of research in the field after falling from the impact of factors starting out area of the empty area Shizhuyuan caving mining damage factor. From the engineering geological assessment of the orebody, and ore deposit occurrence of environmental status of mining to proceed, using the finite element method numerical simulation method, the stress distribution on the surrounding ore body, the stability of the state, ore mining methods, ground control mode of study. Reference to domestic and foreign scholars mine gob caving characteristics of damage. Shizhuyuan explore the stability of Gob and damage laws. A comparative analysis across a mining and mining across two different options for one or two columns back to mining safety and feasibility. Shizhuyuan column for the mining program back to a safe and reliable basis for decision making.
为掌握柿竹园多金属矿床富矿段的地压活动规律,消除采空区的安全隐患,控制和减少不良的地质灾害的发生,确保矿柱回采安全可行、企业可持续发展,必须对该矿的开采技术与环境条件进行全面研究。从地压与岩移监控的角度出发,对矿床矿体的整体稳定性和上覆山体的岩移进行三维模拟分析并进行预测预报,并及时反馈到实际的采矿生产过程中,对不良区段可能诱发地质灾害的部位进行综合防治。
本文作者在实地勘探调查研究之后,从影响空区冒落因素出发研究柿竹园矿的空区冒落破坏影响因素,从矿体的工程地质评价、矿床的赋存环境与矿体的开采现状分析着手,利用有限元数值模拟方法,对矿体围岩的应力分布、稳定性状态、矿体开采方式、地压控制方式等研究。参考国内外学者对矿山空区冒落破坏特征的研究,探索柿竹园矿采空区的稳定性及破坏规律,对比分析隔一采一与隔二采一两种不同方案回采矿柱的安全性及可行性,为柿竹园多金属矿490m水平回采矿柱方案提供安全可靠的决策依据。
Shizhuyuan lenticular ore distribution, from top to bottom overlap to form four belts. At present the major mining bonanza at 490 meters above paragraph. Mining area to the east, divided into four panels, each panel is divided into nine from north to south ore blocks, a total of 36 blocks. Mine room,15m thick disk limits are to remain continuous pillar. After 20 years of mining, leaving only two blocks of unmined. However, since 1987, since the mine began mining, as ore grade is relatively low enrichment, coupled with low world price of tungsten products, and industrial raw materials price ratio reasonable, mine operating efficiency is low, lack of economic strength, in addition to ensure the normal operation of mining, the inability to deal with filling of mined areas. Gob led to the current total of 200 million cubic meters of exposed roof area of 30,000 square meters. As a long time failed to deal with Gob, continuous breaking down many of pillar 240 meters total length, maximum roof area of 8,000 square meters of continuous exposure. This pillaring and 490 meters below the ore mining has caused tremendous threat. How to combine the mine situation, a reasonable overall planning and development of mineral resources, determine the feasible and safe pillar recovery program, and to ensure Shizhuyuan mine safe, efficient, sustainable development is a major problem be solved.
To master the rich ore deposits Shizhuyuan metal segment to Pressure Activities, to eliminate safety hazards Gob, control and reduce the incidence of adverse geological disasters. To ensure safe and pillar mining, sustainable development of enterprises, the exploitation of the mine must be technical and environmental conditions to conduct a comprehensive study. Pressure and rock movement from the ground control point of view, the stability of the deposit as a whole to consider. The stability of the ore body and the overlying mountain of three-dimensional simulation of rock movement and to forecast, and timely feedback to the actual mining production process. Of possible geological disasters were part of comprehensive prevention and control.
This exploration of research in the field after falling from the impact of factors starting out area of the empty area Shizhuyuan caving mining damage factor. From the engineering geological assessment of the orebody, and ore deposit occurrence of environmental status of mining to proceed, using the finite element method numerical simulation method, the stress distribution on the surrounding ore body, the stability of the state, ore mining methods, ground control mode of study. Reference to domestic and foreign scholars mine gob caving characteristics of damage. Shizhuyuan explore the stability of Gob and damage laws. A comparative analysis across a mining and mining across two different options for one or two columns back to mining safety and feasibility. Shizhuyuan column for the mining program back to a safe and reliable basis for decision making.
引文
[1]李爱兵,李庶林,陈际经,袁节平等.柿竹园多金属矿床开采地压研究.第八次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集：西部大开发中的岩石力学与工程问题,中国科学技术出版社,2004.9：514-518
[2]李爱兵,李庶林,陈际经,袁节平.柿竹园多金属矿床开采方案确定的数值模拟研究.岩土力学增刊,2004(25)：463-467
[3]刘小林.预测模型在柿竹园矿地压灾害预测预报中的应用研究,矿业研究与开发,2008(3)：56-58
[4]尹彦波,李爱兵.采空区稳定性监测及预测新技术研究,见第二届全国水工岩石力学学术会议论文集(武汉),2008.10：523-526
[5]李爱兵,周爱民等.柿竹园多金属矿床群空区条件下的崩落特性研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2008(11)：2234-2243
[6]林韵梅等.地压讲座.煤炭工业出版社,1981.12
[7]钱鸣高.采场矿山压力与控制.煤炭工业出版社,1983.3
[8]高磊等.矿山岩体力学.冶金工业出版社,1979.7
[9]康红普.高强度锚杆支护技术的发展及应用.煤炭科学技术,2000,(2)：1-4
[10]陈卫忠,朱维申等.节理岩体中硐室围岩大变形数值模拟及模型试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报,1998,(3)：223-229
[11]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学.北京：科学出版社,1996
[12]金丰年,铁七虎.随硐开挖的三维有限元计算.岩石力学与工程学报,1996,(1)：193-200
[13]唐仪兴,张玉军.近距离双隧道开挖与支护的稳定性有限元计算.岩土力学,1999,(1)：87-91
[14]屠尔昌宁涅夫,约菲斯,卡斯帕亮.苏联.刘听成,何新义,吴绍倩译.矿山岩石力学基础.煤炭工业出版,1981.12
[15]多尔恰尼诺夫.苏联.赵惇义译.构造应力与井巷工程稳定性.煤炭工业出版社,1984.8
[16]布霍依诺.联邦德国.李玉生译.矿山压力和冲击地压.煤炭工业出版社,1985.7
[17]Zienkiewicz. The Element Method. Megraw-Hill Book company (UK) Limited,1977
[18]R.E.Goodman etl. A Model for the Mechaines of Jointed Rock.Journal of the Soil Mechanics & Foundations Dvi.ASCE,1968
[19]Tatsuo A numerical modeling technique for analyzing the behavior of discontinuous rock masses. Proceedings of the international Symposium on weak Rock,Tokyo,21-24 september,1981
[20]Cundall P.a.,A computer for Simulating Progressive Large Scale Movements in Blocky. Systems,Proc.Of the Symp. Of the Int. Society of rock Mech Nancy,FRANCE,1981,(2): 11-13
[21]张庆松等编.矿山岩体力学.中国矿业大学出版社,2000.10
[22]陈赞成.跑马坪矿采空区稳定性分析及处理措施研究：[硕士学位论文].昆明：昆明理工大学采矿工程专业,2006.12
[23]郑永学主编.矿山岩体力学.北京：冶金工业出版社,1988.10
[24]刘宝琛编.矿山岩体力学概论.长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,1973
[25]焦作矿业学院采煤系编.矿山岩体力学资料汇编.焦作矿业学院采煤系,1978.11
[26]阳生权,阳军生主编.岩体力学.北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[27]李建林著.卸荷岩体力学.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003
[28]鲍莱茨基,胡戴克著.矿山岩体力学.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1985
[29]孙超.地下采空区对地表稳定性的影响：[硕士论文学位]：哈尔滨.中国地震局工程力学研究所土木工程系,2005.6
[30]徐忠义,杜前进编.采矿知识问答.北京：冶金工业出版社,1997
[31]宋振哄.实用矿山压力控制.山东矿业学院矿压研究所,1990
[32]龙荣生.矿井地质学.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1991
[33]Shear-Albin R. Geological features that contribute to ground control problems in underground coal mine. USBM:IC9370,1993
[34]矿山岩石力学若干测试技术及其分析方法.赵奎著北京：冶金工业出版社,2009
[35]Moebs N N, Stateham R M. Geologic factors in coal mine roof stability-A Progress Report,USBM:IC 8976,1984
[36]王洲洲.冲击地压灾害的监测及治理技术.中国高新技术企业技术论坛,91-92
[37]Truman J & Home J C. Depositional environments and roof stability factors affecting mine planning. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 118,1982
[38]Bunnell M. Roof geology and stability of an underground coal mine in Carbon County, Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin,1982,(118):121-128
[39]姜福兴,等.采场来压预测预报专家系统的基础研究.煤炭学报,1995(3)：225-228
[40]Frank E C. Preventing coal mine groundfall accidents:How to indentify and respond to g eologic hazards and prevent unsafe worker behavior. USBM IC 9332,1993
[41]Elliott R E. The mine geologist and risk reduction. The Mining Engineer,1974,(133):173-184
[42]Liu Xiaoming; STABLE OR UNSTABLE CRACK GROWTHS IN THIN ROCK PLATE UNDER COMPRESSION FOR PREDICTING BUCKLING ROCKBURST; Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering; Dec.,2003,22(12):2011-2018.
[43]XuebinWang, XiaobinYang, ZhihuiZhang, and Yishan Pan; Dynamic analysis of fault rock burst based on gradient dePendent Plasticity and energy criterion; Journal of University of science and Technology Beijing volume 11, Nomber 1, february 2004:5-9.
[44]Zhang Wohua,S. Valliappan. Analysis of random anisotropic damage mechanics problems of rock mass[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1990,23(4).
[45]王昌烈 罗仕徽等,柿竹园钨多金属矿床地质,地质出版社,1987年4月
[46]杨世简,湖南郴县柿竹园多金属矿床初步设计说明书,冶金工业部长沙有色冶金设计院,1977年12月
[47]长沙有色冶金设计研究院,柿竹园有色金属矿采选工程初步设计说明书,1995年10月
[48]LI Aibing, Zhou Aimin et al. The caving mining safe control technology on the multi-mined-out-areas conditions of the Shizhuyuan polymetallic mine,21st World Mining Congress & Expo 2008,7-12 September 2008-Poland, Krakow-Katowice-Sosnowiec, Session 7:11-22
[49]A. Zubelewicz and Z. Mroz; Numerical Simulation of Rock Burst Processes Treated Problems of Dynamic Instability; Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 16, (1983):253-274
[50]D. G. F. HEDLEY and J. E. UDD; The Canada-Ontario-Industry Rockburst Project; PAGEOPH, Vol.129, Nos.3/4 (1989):661-672
[51]MA Li, WEN Hu, XIAO Yang, WANG Qiu-hong, WANG Zhen-ping, ZHANG Guang-wen. Analysis on air-leakage law of goaf in condition of ascending mining for top-coal caving. JOURNAL OF COAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (CHINA),Mar. 2009:81-84
[52]北京矿冶研究总院,湖南柿竹园有色金属矿富矿段的岩石物理力学性质试验报告,2000年2月
[2]李爱兵,李庶林,陈际经,袁节平.柿竹园多金属矿床开采方案确定的数值模拟研究.岩土力学增刊,2004(25)：463-467
[3]刘小林.预测模型在柿竹园矿地压灾害预测预报中的应用研究,矿业研究与开发,2008(3)：56-58
[4]尹彦波,李爱兵.采空区稳定性监测及预测新技术研究,见第二届全国水工岩石力学学术会议论文集(武汉),2008.10：523-526
[5]李爱兵,周爱民等.柿竹园多金属矿床群空区条件下的崩落特性研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2008(11)：2234-2243
[6]林韵梅等.地压讲座.煤炭工业出版社,1981.12
[7]钱鸣高.采场矿山压力与控制.煤炭工业出版社,1983.3
[8]高磊等.矿山岩体力学.冶金工业出版社,1979.7
[9]康红普.高强度锚杆支护技术的发展及应用.煤炭科学技术,2000,(2)：1-4
[10]陈卫忠,朱维申等.节理岩体中硐室围岩大变形数值模拟及模型试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报,1998,(3)：223-229
[11]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学.北京：科学出版社,1996
[12]金丰年,铁七虎.随硐开挖的三维有限元计算.岩石力学与工程学报,1996,(1)：193-200
[13]唐仪兴,张玉军.近距离双隧道开挖与支护的稳定性有限元计算.岩土力学,1999,(1)：87-91
[14]屠尔昌宁涅夫,约菲斯,卡斯帕亮.苏联.刘听成,何新义,吴绍倩译.矿山岩石力学基础.煤炭工业出版,1981.12
[15]多尔恰尼诺夫.苏联.赵惇义译.构造应力与井巷工程稳定性.煤炭工业出版社,1984.8
[16]布霍依诺.联邦德国.李玉生译.矿山压力和冲击地压.煤炭工业出版社,1985.7
[17]Zienkiewicz. The Element Method. Megraw-Hill Book company (UK) Limited,1977
[18]R.E.Goodman etl. A Model for the Mechaines of Jointed Rock.Journal of the Soil Mechanics & Foundations Dvi.ASCE,1968
[19]Tatsuo A numerical modeling technique for analyzing the behavior of discontinuous rock masses. Proceedings of the international Symposium on weak Rock,Tokyo,21-24 september,1981
[20]Cundall P.a.,A computer for Simulating Progressive Large Scale Movements in Blocky. Systems,Proc.Of the Symp. Of the Int. Society of rock Mech Nancy,FRANCE,1981,(2): 11-13
[21]张庆松等编.矿山岩体力学.中国矿业大学出版社,2000.10
[22]陈赞成.跑马坪矿采空区稳定性分析及处理措施研究：[硕士学位论文].昆明：昆明理工大学采矿工程专业,2006.12
[23]郑永学主编.矿山岩体力学.北京：冶金工业出版社,1988.10
[24]刘宝琛编.矿山岩体力学概论.长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,1973
[25]焦作矿业学院采煤系编.矿山岩体力学资料汇编.焦作矿业学院采煤系,1978.11
[26]阳生权,阳军生主编.岩体力学.北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[27]李建林著.卸荷岩体力学.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003
[28]鲍莱茨基,胡戴克著.矿山岩体力学.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1985
[29]孙超.地下采空区对地表稳定性的影响：[硕士论文学位]：哈尔滨.中国地震局工程力学研究所土木工程系,2005.6
[30]徐忠义,杜前进编.采矿知识问答.北京：冶金工业出版社,1997
[31]宋振哄.实用矿山压力控制.山东矿业学院矿压研究所,1990
[32]龙荣生.矿井地质学.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1991
[33]Shear-Albin R. Geological features that contribute to ground control problems in underground coal mine. USBM:IC9370,1993
[34]矿山岩石力学若干测试技术及其分析方法.赵奎著北京：冶金工业出版社,2009
[35]Moebs N N, Stateham R M. Geologic factors in coal mine roof stability-A Progress Report,USBM:IC 8976,1984
[36]王洲洲.冲击地压灾害的监测及治理技术.中国高新技术企业技术论坛,91-92
[37]Truman J & Home J C. Depositional environments and roof stability factors affecting mine planning. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 118,1982
[38]Bunnell M. Roof geology and stability of an underground coal mine in Carbon County, Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin,1982,(118):121-128
[39]姜福兴,等.采场来压预测预报专家系统的基础研究.煤炭学报,1995(3)：225-228
[40]Frank E C. Preventing coal mine groundfall accidents:How to indentify and respond to g eologic hazards and prevent unsafe worker behavior. USBM IC 9332,1993
[41]Elliott R E. The mine geologist and risk reduction. The Mining Engineer,1974,(133):173-184
[42]Liu Xiaoming; STABLE OR UNSTABLE CRACK GROWTHS IN THIN ROCK PLATE UNDER COMPRESSION FOR PREDICTING BUCKLING ROCKBURST; Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering; Dec.,2003,22(12):2011-2018.
[43]XuebinWang, XiaobinYang, ZhihuiZhang, and Yishan Pan; Dynamic analysis of fault rock burst based on gradient dePendent Plasticity and energy criterion; Journal of University of science and Technology Beijing volume 11, Nomber 1, february 2004:5-9.
[44]Zhang Wohua,S. Valliappan. Analysis of random anisotropic damage mechanics problems of rock mass[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1990,23(4).
[45]王昌烈 罗仕徽等,柿竹园钨多金属矿床地质,地质出版社,1987年4月
[46]杨世简,湖南郴县柿竹园多金属矿床初步设计说明书,冶金工业部长沙有色冶金设计院,1977年12月
[47]长沙有色冶金设计研究院,柿竹园有色金属矿采选工程初步设计说明书,1995年10月
[48]LI Aibing, Zhou Aimin et al. The caving mining safe control technology on the multi-mined-out-areas conditions of the Shizhuyuan polymetallic mine,21st World Mining Congress & Expo 2008,7-12 September 2008-Poland, Krakow-Katowice-Sosnowiec, Session 7:11-22
[49]A. Zubelewicz and Z. Mroz; Numerical Simulation of Rock Burst Processes Treated Problems of Dynamic Instability; Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 16, (1983):253-274
[50]D. G. F. HEDLEY and J. E. UDD; The Canada-Ontario-Industry Rockburst Project; PAGEOPH, Vol.129, Nos.3/4 (1989):661-672
[51]MA Li, WEN Hu, XIAO Yang, WANG Qiu-hong, WANG Zhen-ping, ZHANG Guang-wen. Analysis on air-leakage law of goaf in condition of ascending mining for top-coal caving. JOURNAL OF COAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (CHINA),Mar. 2009:81-84
[52]北京矿冶研究总院,湖南柿竹园有色金属矿富矿段的岩石物理力学性质试验报告,2000年2月
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |