一种带线电压前馈AC/DC芯片的研究与设计
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摘要
开关电源与传统的线性电源相比,具有体积小、效率高、输出稳定且不需要笨重的工频变压器的优点,已逐渐发展为稳定电源的主流。开关电源中的AC/DC芯片因为可以方便地直接接入交流市电而备受关注,但这需要在单片上集成高压MOSFET,它将对工艺提出更高的要求。
本文研究设计了一种带线电压前馈的多模式控制的AC/DC开关电源,它以经济高效的方式将一个700V的功率MOSFET、高压开关电流源、PWM控制器、振荡器、热关断保护电路、故障保护电路及其他控制电路集成在一个单片器件内。该电源管理芯片可广泛应用于各种便携式电子产品的电源适配器中。该芯片的创新点是引入了多功能引脚,通过该引脚可以引入前馈,使系统的动态响应快、效率高。
本文首先给出了本芯片的关键设计指标,阐述了反激式光耦合反馈的拓扑结构、反馈方式和芯片的整体工作原理。在整体电路的基础上完成了三个子电路的设计,包括基准电路和补偿电路、线电压模块、频率抖动电路。在详细分析子电路工作原理的基础上,运用HSPICE仿真软件对子电路进行了功能验证和参数仿真。为了方便改版,对偏置电流和振荡器充放电电流进行了trimming设计。
本文在整体仿真后进行了版图和流片,流片采用的与合作方联合开发的BCD工艺,流片后测试各主要指标均达到要求并在实验中取得良好的效果,证明了本设计的正确性,达到了预期的指标。
Compared to conventional linear regulator power supply, switching mode power supply has a lot of advantages such as much smaller in size, has higher efficiency, and could provide stable output voltage without cumbersome power frequency transformers, etc. which made it becoming the mainstream of the stable power supply.
An off-line, multi-mode controlled AC/DC switching mode power supply with line voltage feed-forward is analyzed and designed in this paper, this economic, highly integrated switching mode power supply is consisted by several blocks on a monolithic chip: a 700V power MOSFET, high voltage current source, PWM controller, oscillator, OTP(Over Temperature Protection),FP(Fault Protection) and other control logic circuit. This monolithic chip can be widely used in spot-light, TV and portable electronics products. An novel multi-function pin is added, which can introduce feed-forward or adjust the current limiting. Dynamic response of the new power supply is faster and efficiency is higher compared to the traditional design.
In this paper, first, the key specification of this switching power supply chip is introduced. Then fly-back light emitting coupled topology, feedback method and working principle of this chip is given and analyzed. Three sub-circuits: bandgap reference block, compensation circuit block, line voltage block and frequency jitter block are designed and simulated using HSPICE. Error correction option strategy is realized by adding trimming option on adjust the current of biasing circuit and charge-discharge current of the oscillation circuit
This chip is laid out and taped out on a co-developed BCD process. Key performance parameters of the fabricated chip is tested and measured, which validated the correction of this design and the specification requirement is met.
本文研究设计了一种带线电压前馈的多模式控制的AC/DC开关电源,它以经济高效的方式将一个700V的功率MOSFET、高压开关电流源、PWM控制器、振荡器、热关断保护电路、故障保护电路及其他控制电路集成在一个单片器件内。该电源管理芯片可广泛应用于各种便携式电子产品的电源适配器中。该芯片的创新点是引入了多功能引脚,通过该引脚可以引入前馈,使系统的动态响应快、效率高。
本文首先给出了本芯片的关键设计指标,阐述了反激式光耦合反馈的拓扑结构、反馈方式和芯片的整体工作原理。在整体电路的基础上完成了三个子电路的设计,包括基准电路和补偿电路、线电压模块、频率抖动电路。在详细分析子电路工作原理的基础上,运用HSPICE仿真软件对子电路进行了功能验证和参数仿真。为了方便改版,对偏置电流和振荡器充放电电流进行了trimming设计。
本文在整体仿真后进行了版图和流片,流片采用的与合作方联合开发的BCD工艺,流片后测试各主要指标均达到要求并在实验中取得良好的效果,证明了本设计的正确性,达到了预期的指标。
Compared to conventional linear regulator power supply, switching mode power supply has a lot of advantages such as much smaller in size, has higher efficiency, and could provide stable output voltage without cumbersome power frequency transformers, etc. which made it becoming the mainstream of the stable power supply.
An off-line, multi-mode controlled AC/DC switching mode power supply with line voltage feed-forward is analyzed and designed in this paper, this economic, highly integrated switching mode power supply is consisted by several blocks on a monolithic chip: a 700V power MOSFET, high voltage current source, PWM controller, oscillator, OTP(Over Temperature Protection),FP(Fault Protection) and other control logic circuit. This monolithic chip can be widely used in spot-light, TV and portable electronics products. An novel multi-function pin is added, which can introduce feed-forward or adjust the current limiting. Dynamic response of the new power supply is faster and efficiency is higher compared to the traditional design.
In this paper, first, the key specification of this switching power supply chip is introduced. Then fly-back light emitting coupled topology, feedback method and working principle of this chip is given and analyzed. Three sub-circuits: bandgap reference block, compensation circuit block, line voltage block and frequency jitter block are designed and simulated using HSPICE. Error correction option strategy is realized by adding trimming option on adjust the current of biasing circuit and charge-discharge current of the oscillation circuit
This chip is laid out and taped out on a co-developed BCD process. Key performance parameters of the fabricated chip is tested and measured, which validated the correction of this design and the specification requirement is met.
引文
[1]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003,1-2
[2]马田华.单片AC/DC开关电源管理IC设计:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2005
[3]飞利浦公司, Philips的开关电源控制器能够有效降低功耗http://www.esmchina.com/TECHTERM/ART/philips-03.HTM 2000-11
[4] Admin,开关电源原理和发展方向http://www.ilighting.net/?action-viewnews-itemid-3460 2008-01
[5]北京钧策丰科技发展有限公司,浅谈开关电源的发展及其高频化http://www.jackzhu.eb80.com/newsshow/2916 2009-04
[6]电源在线网,浅谈开关电源的发展趋势及其高频化http://www.cps800.com/news/8095.html 2006-09
[7]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004,2-3
[8] Robert W. Erickson,Dragan Maksimovic.Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Massach -usetts:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001:13-56
[9] CHRISTOPHE P.BASSO.Switch-Mode Power Supplies-SPICE Simulations and Practical Designs.: McGraw-Hill Companies,2008,202-212
[10]周志敏,周纪海.开关电源实用技术设计与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,5-10
[11]罗萍,李肇基等.开关变换器的跨周期调制模式.电子与信息学报,2004,26(6): 984-988
[12]罗萍,熊富贵,李肇基,等.PSM开关变换器的大信号模型与瞬态特性.电子学报, 2004,32(11):1829-1832
[13]罗萍,熊富贵,李肇基,等.PSM开关变换器的平均模型与特性分析.电工技术学报, 2005,20(3):19-23
[14] Ping Luo, Luyang Luo, Zhaoji Li, et al. Skip Cycle Modulation in Switching DC-DC Converter. IEEE 2002 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems and West Sino Expositions, 29 June-1 July 2002,Vol.2:1716-1719
[15] Ping Luo, Bo Zhang, Shunping Wang, et al. Modeling and Analysis of Pulse Skip Modulation. Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2006,4(1):1-7
[16]罗萍.智能功率集成电路的跨周期调制PSM及其测试研究:[博士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2005
[17]熊富贵.脉冲跨周期调制模式(PSM)的技术研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学, 2005
[18]曾家玲,王顺平,甄少伟,等.基于PSM调制模式双环控制电路的设计.微电子学, 2006,36(2):229-232
[19] Ping Luo,Zhaoji Li,Fugui Xiong,et al.A Novel Modulation Mode in Switching Converter.ICCCAS,2002:1716-1719
[20] TOP252-262, www.powerint.com
[21]毕查德-拉扎维.模拟CMOS集成电路设计(陈贵灿等译).西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2003,324-327
[22] Paul R.Gray,Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2001,299-309
[23]陈星弼,张庆中.晶体管原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,25-29
[24] Alex B.Djenguerian and San Jose.Temperature -Compensated Itegrated Circuit for Uniform Current Generation.US Patent,US 5,038,053,1991-08-06
[25] Gabriel A.Rincon-Mora,Phillip E. Allen.A 1.1-V Current Mode and Piecewise Linear Curvature Corrected Bandgap Reference.IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,1998, 33(10):1551-1554
[26] Philip E Allen.CMOS Analog Circuit Design.Beijing:Publishing House of Electron -ics Industry,2002,359-374
[27] Kazimierczuk, M, K. ; Edstrom, A.J. Open-Loop Peak Voltage Feedforward Control of PWM Buck Converter.IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst,2000,47(1),740-746
[28] Baurle.POWER SUPPLY CONTROLLER RESPONSIVE TO A FEEDFORWARD SIGNAL.US Patent,US 7502236B2,2009-05-10
[29] Abraham I. Pressman.开关电源设计(,王志强等译).北京:电子工业出版社.2007,18
[30]李锐.离线式开关电源芯片中部分子电路的分析与设计.[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2008
[31] Balu Balakrishnan,Alex Djenguerian.FREQUENCY JITTERING CONTROL FOR VARYING THE SWITCHING FREQUENCY OF A POWER SUPPLY.U.S.A.Power Integrations,Ins, San Jose, CA,US 6249876B1,2000-09-19
[32]陈星弼.功率MOSFET与高压集成电路.南京:东南大学出版社,1990,
[33] Bo Zhang,Power Semiconductor Devices and Smart Power ICs.Chengdu:UESTC,2007, 32-36
[34]刘永,张福海.晶体管原理.北京:国防工业出版社.2002,230-243
[35] Alen Hastings.模拟电路版图的艺术.北京:电子工业出版社,2007,483-496
[36]塞因特.集成电路掩模设计-基础版图技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2006,156-160
[2]马田华.单片AC/DC开关电源管理IC设计:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2005
[3]飞利浦公司, Philips的开关电源控制器能够有效降低功耗http://www.esmchina.com/TECHTERM/ART/philips-03.HTM 2000-11
[4] Admin,开关电源原理和发展方向http://www.ilighting.net/?action-viewnews-itemid-3460 2008-01
[5]北京钧策丰科技发展有限公司,浅谈开关电源的发展及其高频化http://www.jackzhu.eb80.com/newsshow/2916 2009-04
[6]电源在线网,浅谈开关电源的发展趋势及其高频化http://www.cps800.com/news/8095.html 2006-09
[7]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004,2-3
[8] Robert W. Erickson,Dragan Maksimovic.Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Massach -usetts:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001:13-56
[9] CHRISTOPHE P.BASSO.Switch-Mode Power Supplies-SPICE Simulations and Practical Designs.: McGraw-Hill Companies,2008,202-212
[10]周志敏,周纪海.开关电源实用技术设计与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,5-10
[11]罗萍,李肇基等.开关变换器的跨周期调制模式.电子与信息学报,2004,26(6): 984-988
[12]罗萍,熊富贵,李肇基,等.PSM开关变换器的大信号模型与瞬态特性.电子学报, 2004,32(11):1829-1832
[13]罗萍,熊富贵,李肇基,等.PSM开关变换器的平均模型与特性分析.电工技术学报, 2005,20(3):19-23
[14] Ping Luo, Luyang Luo, Zhaoji Li, et al. Skip Cycle Modulation in Switching DC-DC Converter. IEEE 2002 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems and West Sino Expositions, 29 June-1 July 2002,Vol.2:1716-1719
[15] Ping Luo, Bo Zhang, Shunping Wang, et al. Modeling and Analysis of Pulse Skip Modulation. Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2006,4(1):1-7
[16]罗萍.智能功率集成电路的跨周期调制PSM及其测试研究:[博士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2005
[17]熊富贵.脉冲跨周期调制模式(PSM)的技术研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学, 2005
[18]曾家玲,王顺平,甄少伟,等.基于PSM调制模式双环控制电路的设计.微电子学, 2006,36(2):229-232
[19] Ping Luo,Zhaoji Li,Fugui Xiong,et al.A Novel Modulation Mode in Switching Converter.ICCCAS,2002:1716-1719
[20] TOP252-262, www.powerint.com
[21]毕查德-拉扎维.模拟CMOS集成电路设计(陈贵灿等译).西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2003,324-327
[22] Paul R.Gray,Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2001,299-309
[23]陈星弼,张庆中.晶体管原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,25-29
[24] Alex B.Djenguerian and San Jose.Temperature -Compensated Itegrated Circuit for Uniform Current Generation.US Patent,US 5,038,053,1991-08-06
[25] Gabriel A.Rincon-Mora,Phillip E. Allen.A 1.1-V Current Mode and Piecewise Linear Curvature Corrected Bandgap Reference.IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,1998, 33(10):1551-1554
[26] Philip E Allen.CMOS Analog Circuit Design.Beijing:Publishing House of Electron -ics Industry,2002,359-374
[27] Kazimierczuk, M, K. ; Edstrom, A.J. Open-Loop Peak Voltage Feedforward Control of PWM Buck Converter.IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst,2000,47(1),740-746
[28] Baurle.POWER SUPPLY CONTROLLER RESPONSIVE TO A FEEDFORWARD SIGNAL.US Patent,US 7502236B2,2009-05-10
[29] Abraham I. Pressman.开关电源设计(,王志强等译).北京:电子工业出版社.2007,18
[30]李锐.离线式开关电源芯片中部分子电路的分析与设计.[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2008
[31] Balu Balakrishnan,Alex Djenguerian.FREQUENCY JITTERING CONTROL FOR VARYING THE SWITCHING FREQUENCY OF A POWER SUPPLY.U.S.A.Power Integrations,Ins, San Jose, CA,US 6249876B1,2000-09-19
[32]陈星弼.功率MOSFET与高压集成电路.南京:东南大学出版社,1990,
[33] Bo Zhang,Power Semiconductor Devices and Smart Power ICs.Chengdu:UESTC,2007, 32-36
[34]刘永,张福海.晶体管原理.北京:国防工业出版社.2002,230-243
[35] Alen Hastings.模拟电路版图的艺术.北京:电子工业出版社,2007,483-496
[36]塞因特.集成电路掩模设计-基础版图技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2006,156-160