基于PCA和AHP的长沙市人居环境质量研究
摘要
摘要：随着城市化进程的加剧与城市人口高度集聚,公众对人居环境的要求也越来越高。人类居住区生态环境及其可持续发展已成为全球共同关注的热点问题。长沙作为湖南省的省会城市,建设一个可持续的协调人居环境对湖南省的经济发展和社会进步有着十分重要的意义。
本文在国内外城市人居环境理论研究的基础上,结合长沙本地实际情况,根据1999-2008年的数据,建立了长沙城市人居环境质量评价指标体系,采用层次分析法与主成分分析两种方法,从生态、经济、人文、服务四个方面对长沙人居环境进行深层次研究分析,并对长沙人居环境存在的问题和不足提出了相应的优化措施。本文主要结论如下：
1.从四个方面构建人居环境的评价指标体系,通过定量分析方法,对长沙市人居环境质量进行评价,结果显示在研究期间长沙市人居环境呈逐年上升趋势。尤其在2000年以后增长的速度更快。
2.制约长沙人居环境进一步提高的主要原因是相对落后的经济发展水平,经济越发达,越能为其他子系统的改善提供更强的物质保障。所以要加快经济建设的步伐。
3.城市化极大促进人口素质和居民人均收入的提高,也对生态环境产生了极大的压力,使得“三废”的排放有所增加。阻碍生态环境的发展和人居环境的改善。
4.改善长沙市人居环境、实现长沙市人居环境的可持续发展的主要措施有：加快产业结构的调整,大力发展低碳经济,扩大社会保障的覆盖面,加大文化设施建设的投入,在生态环境可承受的范围内推动经济的快速稳定发展.
With the aggravation of the urbanization process and the intensive yarding of urban population, the public have been raising higher demands on the living environment. The ecological environment of human settlements and its sustainable development have become the hot topic in the whole world. Changsha, as the the provincial capital of Hunan Province, constructing a sustainable and healthy developing settlement has a very important meaning to the economic development and the social progress of Hunan.
This paper was based on the survey of domestic and international urban residential environment theory and evaluating method combines with the actual conditions of Changsha. According to the data from 1999 to 2008, the paper constructs the evaluation index system of Changsha settlements, using the analytic approach of the level and main composition analytic approaches. Positive research of the living environment of Changsha has been made from the ecology, economy, culture and service, and draw to the following conclusions:
1. Constructing the Habitat Evaluation Index System of the environment from four respects, to evaluate the quality of living environment of Changsha city through quantitative analysis method. The results showed that during the study period, Changsha's living environment increased year by year, growing faster especially after 2000.
2. It was emphasized in the article that the development of living environment of Changsha was mainly limited by the relatively backward economic development level. The better situation of economy, the more guarantee to improve the other system.
3. Urbanization had contributed to the quality of population greatly and the rise of per capita incomes, however, at the same time, it exerted a great pressure on the environment, making the "three wastes" emissions increase and hindering the development of ecological environment and the improvement of living environment.
4. The main measures to improve the living environment of Changsha and to achieve the sustainable development of the living environment of Changsha were the following: speeding up the adjustment of industrial structure, vigorously developing a low carbon economy, expanding social security coverage, increasing investment in the field of cultural construction, promoting a rapid and stable development of the economy in the range of ecological tolerance.
本文在国内外城市人居环境理论研究的基础上,结合长沙本地实际情况,根据1999-2008年的数据,建立了长沙城市人居环境质量评价指标体系,采用层次分析法与主成分分析两种方法,从生态、经济、人文、服务四个方面对长沙人居环境进行深层次研究分析,并对长沙人居环境存在的问题和不足提出了相应的优化措施。本文主要结论如下：
1.从四个方面构建人居环境的评价指标体系,通过定量分析方法,对长沙市人居环境质量进行评价,结果显示在研究期间长沙市人居环境呈逐年上升趋势。尤其在2000年以后增长的速度更快。
2.制约长沙人居环境进一步提高的主要原因是相对落后的经济发展水平,经济越发达,越能为其他子系统的改善提供更强的物质保障。所以要加快经济建设的步伐。
3.城市化极大促进人口素质和居民人均收入的提高,也对生态环境产生了极大的压力,使得“三废”的排放有所增加。阻碍生态环境的发展和人居环境的改善。
4.改善长沙市人居环境、实现长沙市人居环境的可持续发展的主要措施有：加快产业结构的调整,大力发展低碳经济,扩大社会保障的覆盖面,加大文化设施建设的投入,在生态环境可承受的范围内推动经济的快速稳定发展.
With the aggravation of the urbanization process and the intensive yarding of urban population, the public have been raising higher demands on the living environment. The ecological environment of human settlements and its sustainable development have become the hot topic in the whole world. Changsha, as the the provincial capital of Hunan Province, constructing a sustainable and healthy developing settlement has a very important meaning to the economic development and the social progress of Hunan.
This paper was based on the survey of domestic and international urban residential environment theory and evaluating method combines with the actual conditions of Changsha. According to the data from 1999 to 2008, the paper constructs the evaluation index system of Changsha settlements, using the analytic approach of the level and main composition analytic approaches. Positive research of the living environment of Changsha has been made from the ecology, economy, culture and service, and draw to the following conclusions:
1. Constructing the Habitat Evaluation Index System of the environment from four respects, to evaluate the quality of living environment of Changsha city through quantitative analysis method. The results showed that during the study period, Changsha's living environment increased year by year, growing faster especially after 2000.
2. It was emphasized in the article that the development of living environment of Changsha was mainly limited by the relatively backward economic development level. The better situation of economy, the more guarantee to improve the other system.
3. Urbanization had contributed to the quality of population greatly and the rise of per capita incomes, however, at the same time, it exerted a great pressure on the environment, making the "three wastes" emissions increase and hindering the development of ecological environment and the improvement of living environment.
4. The main measures to improve the living environment of Changsha and to achieve the sustainable development of the living environment of Changsha were the following: speeding up the adjustment of industrial structure, vigorously developing a low carbon economy, expanding social security coverage, increasing investment in the field of cultural construction, promoting a rapid and stable development of the economy in the range of ecological tolerance.
引文
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[2]吴良镛.人居环境科学的探索[J].规划师,2001,6：5～8
[3]徐瑞祥.城市尺度人居环境质量评价及预警研究.[D]南京大学博士学位论文.2002.152～691
[4]张淑敏.济南市人居环境质量综合评价及优化对策研究[D].山东师范大学硕士论文.2005,3-3
[5]吴国兵,2001.国外人居环境建设的实践和经验.城市开发,1：26～28
[6]吴良镛,1997.“人居二”与人居环境科学.城市规划,3：4～9
[7]吴良镛,2001.人居环境科学的探索.规划师,6：5～8
[8]Sawieki, David S Ryun, Patrice. Neighborthood indieators: a review of the literature and anAssessment of conceptual and methodological issues [J]. Journal of the American planning Asseociation, 1996, 62(2):165-188
[9]经济地理学导论[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,1982,5
[10]http://wjp0111.bokee.com/viewdiary.197652016.html
[11]李丽萍.城市人居环境[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2001.20-21,24
[12]Saarinen, Eliel. The City:Its Growth, Its Decay, Its Future. [M]1943
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[15]吴良墉,人居环境科学导论[M],高等教育出版社,2000
[16]谢林.重庆人居环境可持续发展评价研究[J].重庆大学建筑城规学院硕士学位论文.2007.10
[17]http://www.un.org/chinese/events/wssd/chap7.htm
[18]Henderson, Harold. Abetter place tolive.Planning, 1995, .61(9):26～28
[19]http://fisd.ccnu.edu.cn/Soft/ShowInfo.asp?InfoID=22
[20]刘平.王如松.城市人居环境的生态设计方法探讨[J].生态学报.2001.6
[21]宁越敏,查志强.大都市人居环境评价与优化研究—以上海为例[J].城市规划汇刊,1999,(6)
[22]王兴中.当代国外对城市生活空间评价与社区规划的研究[[J].人文地理2002.02
[23]李雪铭,张春花,张馨等.城市化与城市人居环境关系的定量研究—以大连市为例[[J].中国人口、资源与环境2004.
[24]李志勇.珠江三角洲人居环境研究[D].华南师范大学硕士学位论文.2005.5
[25]蔡敬敏.石家庄城市人居环境质量评价与优化研究[D].河北师范大学硕士学位论文,2007,6
[26]陆雁.福州市人居环境质量评价及对策研究[D].福建师范大学硕士学位论文,2008,5
[27]陈翠平.武汉市人居环境质量评价及优化研究[D].华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2008,5
[28]高峰.长沙市边缘区人居环境现状分析和调查研究[J].湖南大学硕士学位文.2007.5
[29]雷文杰,广州市人居环境和经济发展协调度的实证研究[D].暨南大普硕士学位论文,2008.5
[30]林华祯,厦门城市人居环境系统协调发展评价研究[D].厦门大学硕士学位论文,2008,5
[31]http://www.hefei.gov.cn/n1070/n304559/n311446/n316833/n318925/866549.html
[32]http://baike.baidu.com/view/7127.htm
[33]张文新.王蓉,中国城市人居环境建设水平现状分析[[J]城市发展研究2007.02
[34]徐瑞祥.城市尺度人居环境质量评价及预警研究.[D]南京大学博士学位论文.2002.01
[35]C.A.Doxiadis. Athropopolis City for Human Development[M].Athens Publishing Center, 1975.
[36]魏毓洁,张燕妮.可持续发展的人居生态环境建设探讨[J].农业与技术.2006(26)
[37]曾添文.城市人居环境评价休系的建立[J].科技资讯.2007.N0.21
[38]张智,魏忠庆.城市人居环境评价体系的研究及应用[J].生态环境2006.1
[39]徐瑞祥,蔡龙.南京市区人居环境质量评价研究[J].现代城市研究2003.2
[40]叶依广,周耀平.城市人居环境评价指标体系当议[J].南京农业大学学报：社会科学版2004.1
[41]谢花林,刘黎明.北京海淀区人居环境可持续发展研究[J].规划师2004.3
[42]刘旺,刘长岐,张文忠.北京市城市内部人居环境评价及对居住建设的启示[J].华中建筑,2004.1
[43]刘颂,刘滨谊.城市人居环境可持续发展评价指标体系研究[J].城市规划汇刊1999.5
[44]国家统计局城市社会经济调查总队,1995-2007.中国城市统计年鉴.中国统计出版社
[45]蔡镇钎,1999.倡导传统民居生态精神,营造跨世纪的人居环境.城市规划汇刊,9：17～19
[46]陈蓓,2002.生态城市—21世纪人居环境的理想模式之一.苏州城建环保学院学报,4：54～57
[47]梅长林,周家良.实用统计方法[M].科学出版社
[48]孙建军,成颖,邵佳宏,徐美凤.定员分析方法[M].南京大学出版社
[2]吴良镛.人居环境科学的探索[J].规划师,2001,6：5～8
[3]徐瑞祥.城市尺度人居环境质量评价及预警研究.[D]南京大学博士学位论文.2002.152～691
[4]张淑敏.济南市人居环境质量综合评价及优化对策研究[D].山东师范大学硕士论文.2005,3-3
[5]吴国兵,2001.国外人居环境建设的实践和经验.城市开发,1：26～28
[6]吴良镛,1997.“人居二”与人居环境科学.城市规划,3：4～9
[7]吴良镛,2001.人居环境科学的探索.规划师,6：5～8
[8]Sawieki, David S Ryun, Patrice. Neighborthood indieators: a review of the literature and anAssessment of conceptual and methodological issues [J]. Journal of the American planning Asseociation, 1996, 62(2):165-188
[9]经济地理学导论[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,1982,5
[10]http://wjp0111.bokee.com/viewdiary.197652016.html
[11]李丽萍.城市人居环境[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2001.20-21,24
[12]Saarinen, Eliel. The City:Its Growth, Its Decay, Its Future. [M]1943
[13]http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E3%80%SA%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8%E5%AE%AA%E 7%AB%A0%E3%80%8B
[14]http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%AC%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7% BB%84
[15]吴良墉,人居环境科学导论[M],高等教育出版社,2000
[16]谢林.重庆人居环境可持续发展评价研究[J].重庆大学建筑城规学院硕士学位论文.2007.10
[17]http://www.un.org/chinese/events/wssd/chap7.htm
[18]Henderson, Harold. Abetter place tolive.Planning, 1995, .61(9):26～28
[19]http://fisd.ccnu.edu.cn/Soft/ShowInfo.asp?InfoID=22
[20]刘平.王如松.城市人居环境的生态设计方法探讨[J].生态学报.2001.6
[21]宁越敏,查志强.大都市人居环境评价与优化研究—以上海为例[J].城市规划汇刊,1999,(6)
[22]王兴中.当代国外对城市生活空间评价与社区规划的研究[[J].人文地理2002.02
[23]李雪铭,张春花,张馨等.城市化与城市人居环境关系的定量研究—以大连市为例[[J].中国人口、资源与环境2004.
[24]李志勇.珠江三角洲人居环境研究[D].华南师范大学硕士学位论文.2005.5
[25]蔡敬敏.石家庄城市人居环境质量评价与优化研究[D].河北师范大学硕士学位论文,2007,6
[26]陆雁.福州市人居环境质量评价及对策研究[D].福建师范大学硕士学位论文,2008,5
[27]陈翠平.武汉市人居环境质量评价及优化研究[D].华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2008,5
[28]高峰.长沙市边缘区人居环境现状分析和调查研究[J].湖南大学硕士学位文.2007.5
[29]雷文杰,广州市人居环境和经济发展协调度的实证研究[D].暨南大普硕士学位论文,2008.5
[30]林华祯,厦门城市人居环境系统协调发展评价研究[D].厦门大学硕士学位论文,2008,5
[31]http://www.hefei.gov.cn/n1070/n304559/n311446/n316833/n318925/866549.html
[32]http://baike.baidu.com/view/7127.htm
[33]张文新.王蓉,中国城市人居环境建设水平现状分析[[J]城市发展研究2007.02
[34]徐瑞祥.城市尺度人居环境质量评价及预警研究.[D]南京大学博士学位论文.2002.01
[35]C.A.Doxiadis. Athropopolis City for Human Development[M].Athens Publishing Center, 1975.
[36]魏毓洁,张燕妮.可持续发展的人居生态环境建设探讨[J].农业与技术.2006(26)
[37]曾添文.城市人居环境评价休系的建立[J].科技资讯.2007.N0.21
[38]张智,魏忠庆.城市人居环境评价体系的研究及应用[J].生态环境2006.1
[39]徐瑞祥,蔡龙.南京市区人居环境质量评价研究[J].现代城市研究2003.2
[40]叶依广,周耀平.城市人居环境评价指标体系当议[J].南京农业大学学报：社会科学版2004.1
[41]谢花林,刘黎明.北京海淀区人居环境可持续发展研究[J].规划师2004.3
[42]刘旺,刘长岐,张文忠.北京市城市内部人居环境评价及对居住建设的启示[J].华中建筑,2004.1
[43]刘颂,刘滨谊.城市人居环境可持续发展评价指标体系研究[J].城市规划汇刊1999.5
[44]国家统计局城市社会经济调查总队,1995-2007.中国城市统计年鉴.中国统计出版社
[45]蔡镇钎,1999.倡导传统民居生态精神,营造跨世纪的人居环境.城市规划汇刊,9：17～19
[46]陈蓓,2002.生态城市—21世纪人居环境的理想模式之一.苏州城建环保学院学报,4：54～57
[47]梅长林,周家良.实用统计方法[M].科学出版社
[48]孙建军,成颖,邵佳宏,徐美凤.定员分析方法[M].南京大学出版社