基于生态旅游视角的河西走廊旅游资源可持续发展研究
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摘要
基于理念层面的生态旅游是对传统旅游思想的革新与提升,它将生态旅游理解为一种全新的旅游理念,把“生态性”、“持续性”等基础思想贯穿于旅游业发展的各领域,生态旅游理念启示大众旅游未来发展的思路,有助于促进旅游业的全面生态化,促使旅游研究与实践向更高层次迈进。生态旅游的标准将成为旅游业未来发展的衡量标准。
生态旅游是对生态文化的阐释,是生态文明发展的必然趋势。生态旅游发展历程及其主客体都蕴含着深刻的生态文化内涵。生态旅游的“产品、文化、环境”三位一体的旅游规划思想、景观生态学的理论、生态旅游合作无障碍/高质旅游区构建、可持续性发展思想提出了新的旅游发展思路和新的资源开发视角,甘肃省河西走廊旅游资源类型多样,人文、自然景观经粗略统计共计9个基本类型320处,河西走廊开展生态旅游能够在可持续性旅游、经济、社会、环境协调发展、国民素质提高、地区传统文化保护、生态文明社会建设、“三农”问题解决等多方面起到重要作用。
实现河西走廊旅游资源的可持续发展,首先需要建立大面积的“戈壁荒漠自然保护区”,而河西走廊各个旅游区可继续依照“核心区、缓冲区、过渡区”划分的理论与方法进行景观格局规划,同时要注意协调经济效益与资源保护之间的矛盾,总的思路是“协调、保护、利用”,对于自然景观需要通过多种方式扩大缓冲区与过渡区面积来协调生态与经济之间的矛盾,提高景观的容量与承载力,达到经济效益与核心区保护的双赢。未来河西走廊旅游的发展依然要坚持“点—轴”发展的思路,然而要全面提升走廊旅游层次,必须在城市旅游规划、单体资源规划的基础上加强河西走廊区域整体旅游规划和走廊旅游线路、品牌规划,注重河西走廊不同级别景点、景区的合理搭配,打造特色化旅游线路和知名旅游线路品牌,形成以大带小,以强带弱的局面,要以核心城市、核心景点景区带动小区域的整体发展。促进走廊区域旅游合作、构建走廊高质旅游区,以区域整体参与市场竞争能够避免“相互遮蔽、内部竞争”的弊端,增加竞争优势;河西走廊区域旅游合作的最终目的是要建立“河西走廊无障碍/高质旅游区”,提升走廊旅游各行业的全面发展和生态化,使河西走廊成为高质量的生态旅游的合作区域。
可持续发展是促进河西走廊旅游业迈向未来、迈向生态旅游时代的重要步伐,亦是河西走廊旅游资源开发的基本原则和目标。根据资源的重要性、现状、承载力的级别可以把河西走廊生态旅游资源的重要性进行科学评估,对国家级、重点保护类旅游资源实行“保护第一,政府主导,社会、生态效益,代际传承”的总体原则;对河西走廊国家级、省级常规保护类旅游资源需要合理开发,试点国有民营的开发经营模式,平衡经济效益、社会效益、生态效益;此外,大力加强、扶持河西走廊非重点、经营性旅游资源的合理开发,试点民有民营、国有民营等多种开发经营模式,以经济效益促进社会效益、生态效益实现,最终推进生态旅游全方位、深层次实践。
The Eco-tourism base on the idea stratification is the thought innovation and promotion about the traditional traveling, it’s understanding about the eco-tourism is one kind of new traveling idea,“the ecology”,“the sustainable”thought etc. are penetrated throughout the whole traveling, they are also promoted as the the mentality and principle which help normal tourism and promote tourism comprehensive ecology in the future, will cause the traveling reach and practice got great strides forward to the top level. Future traveling should encourage the eco-tourism development, each kind of eco-tourism essential factors will become tourism future realization.
The eco-tourism is the Ecological Culture explanation and the ecology civilization inevitable trend. The eco-tourism development process and the mains and objects factors of eco-tourism contain the ecological culture connotation. The eco-tourism proposes the new traveling development mentality and the new resources development angle of view. Take the Gansu Province Corridor as the example, the kinds of Gansu Corridor resources are diverse, involving the ruins vestige, the place and the base, the building and the facility, the botanical garden and the square, the special area, the tool and the product, the physiography landscape, the waters scenery, the zoology and botany (biology) landscape ,total 9 basic types and 320 points. The primary humanities landscape are“the construction and the facility”and“the ruins vestige”, Buddhism and the temple is the main landscape.The primary natural landscape are“the zoology and botany landscape”, the forest land, the lawn, the wild animal, the nature protection area are the main landscapes, the natural background is“Wilderness”. The eco-tourism development of Gansu Corridor play the influential role variously in the sustainable traveling, the economy, the society, environment coordinated development, the national quality enhance, the area traditional culture protection, the ecology civilized society to construct,“three agriculture”the question and so on.
Realizing Gansu Province Corridor tourist resources sustainable development, firstly needs to establish the big area“the Gobi Desert nature protection area”, each Gansu Corridor tourist area may continue to depend on the division theory and the method of“the core area, the buffer, the transition region”to conduct the landscape pattern plan,and also paying attention to balance contradiction between the coordinated economic efficiency and the resources conservation, the total principle is“coordination, protection, use”.The natural landscape needs to expanse buffer and the transition region area by many kinds of ways in order to balance contradiction between the ecology and nature, enhance the landscape capacity and the supporting capacity to achieve the economic efficiency and core area protection.These understanding already reached the widespread mutual recognition and positive practice.
In the future,Gansu Corridor traveling development still needs to insist the mentalityof“point - axis”development theory. However ,if we want to promote the corridor traveling level comprehensively, we must strengthen the whole region traveling plan and the corridor tourist route, the brand plan over the urban traveling plan and pays great attentions in the collocation between different band tourist areas and spots, forging the characteristic tourist route and the well-known tourist route brand, forming the aspect of the big areas drivening the small areas and the strong areas drivening the weak areas. Form the situation of the core cities, the core spots or areas leading the small region development. Transit from the traditional market competition of tourism area ,spot to the market competition of line produce; Promote the corridor region traveling cooperation and construct high-quality tourist area effectively. The whole region market competition can avoid“camouflaging, the internal competition mutually”, increases the competitive advantage; The Gansu Corridor region traveling cooperation has not left the first step in the practice. Now the most importantance is that the government can realize the cooperation significance, display the infrastructure and the thought strategy promotion effect. The final goal of Gansu Corridor region traveling cooperation is establishing“the Gansu Corridor no barrier and high-quality tourist area”, promote corridor tourist development and turning ecological, cause Gansu Corridor becoming the high quality, eco-tourism cooperation region.
The sustainable development is the important step which will promotes Gansu Corridor tourism advancing to the future and eco-tourism age.It is the basic principle and the goal of Gansu Corridor tourist resources development. Carry on the sciential appraisal on importance of Gansu Corridor tourist resource Implement overall principle of“protect firstly, the government leading, society-ecological benefit, generation of border inheritance”for the state-level, key protected tourist resources; It needs to develop reasonably, experience the development business model that state-owned but privately operated,balanced economy benefit,social efficiency, ecological benefit for Gansu Corridor state-level or provincial level proteced tourist resources;Additionally, strengthens and supports reasonable development of Gansu Corridor non-key,the management tourist resources, it’s better to experience many kinds of development business model. For example,the model of privately owning and operating, or state-owning but privately operating and so on,so as to promote the economic efficiency, social efficiency benefit realized, finally realizes and advances the eco-tourism in the Gansu Corridor traveling development.
生态旅游是对生态文化的阐释,是生态文明发展的必然趋势。生态旅游发展历程及其主客体都蕴含着深刻的生态文化内涵。生态旅游的“产品、文化、环境”三位一体的旅游规划思想、景观生态学的理论、生态旅游合作无障碍/高质旅游区构建、可持续性发展思想提出了新的旅游发展思路和新的资源开发视角,甘肃省河西走廊旅游资源类型多样,人文、自然景观经粗略统计共计9个基本类型320处,河西走廊开展生态旅游能够在可持续性旅游、经济、社会、环境协调发展、国民素质提高、地区传统文化保护、生态文明社会建设、“三农”问题解决等多方面起到重要作用。
实现河西走廊旅游资源的可持续发展,首先需要建立大面积的“戈壁荒漠自然保护区”,而河西走廊各个旅游区可继续依照“核心区、缓冲区、过渡区”划分的理论与方法进行景观格局规划,同时要注意协调经济效益与资源保护之间的矛盾,总的思路是“协调、保护、利用”,对于自然景观需要通过多种方式扩大缓冲区与过渡区面积来协调生态与经济之间的矛盾,提高景观的容量与承载力,达到经济效益与核心区保护的双赢。未来河西走廊旅游的发展依然要坚持“点—轴”发展的思路,然而要全面提升走廊旅游层次,必须在城市旅游规划、单体资源规划的基础上加强河西走廊区域整体旅游规划和走廊旅游线路、品牌规划,注重河西走廊不同级别景点、景区的合理搭配,打造特色化旅游线路和知名旅游线路品牌,形成以大带小,以强带弱的局面,要以核心城市、核心景点景区带动小区域的整体发展。促进走廊区域旅游合作、构建走廊高质旅游区,以区域整体参与市场竞争能够避免“相互遮蔽、内部竞争”的弊端,增加竞争优势;河西走廊区域旅游合作的最终目的是要建立“河西走廊无障碍/高质旅游区”,提升走廊旅游各行业的全面发展和生态化,使河西走廊成为高质量的生态旅游的合作区域。
可持续发展是促进河西走廊旅游业迈向未来、迈向生态旅游时代的重要步伐,亦是河西走廊旅游资源开发的基本原则和目标。根据资源的重要性、现状、承载力的级别可以把河西走廊生态旅游资源的重要性进行科学评估,对国家级、重点保护类旅游资源实行“保护第一,政府主导,社会、生态效益,代际传承”的总体原则;对河西走廊国家级、省级常规保护类旅游资源需要合理开发,试点国有民营的开发经营模式,平衡经济效益、社会效益、生态效益;此外,大力加强、扶持河西走廊非重点、经营性旅游资源的合理开发,试点民有民营、国有民营等多种开发经营模式,以经济效益促进社会效益、生态效益实现,最终推进生态旅游全方位、深层次实践。
The Eco-tourism base on the idea stratification is the thought innovation and promotion about the traditional traveling, it’s understanding about the eco-tourism is one kind of new traveling idea,“the ecology”,“the sustainable”thought etc. are penetrated throughout the whole traveling, they are also promoted as the the mentality and principle which help normal tourism and promote tourism comprehensive ecology in the future, will cause the traveling reach and practice got great strides forward to the top level. Future traveling should encourage the eco-tourism development, each kind of eco-tourism essential factors will become tourism future realization.
The eco-tourism is the Ecological Culture explanation and the ecology civilization inevitable trend. The eco-tourism development process and the mains and objects factors of eco-tourism contain the ecological culture connotation. The eco-tourism proposes the new traveling development mentality and the new resources development angle of view. Take the Gansu Province Corridor as the example, the kinds of Gansu Corridor resources are diverse, involving the ruins vestige, the place and the base, the building and the facility, the botanical garden and the square, the special area, the tool and the product, the physiography landscape, the waters scenery, the zoology and botany (biology) landscape ,total 9 basic types and 320 points. The primary humanities landscape are“the construction and the facility”and“the ruins vestige”, Buddhism and the temple is the main landscape.The primary natural landscape are“the zoology and botany landscape”, the forest land, the lawn, the wild animal, the nature protection area are the main landscapes, the natural background is“Wilderness”. The eco-tourism development of Gansu Corridor play the influential role variously in the sustainable traveling, the economy, the society, environment coordinated development, the national quality enhance, the area traditional culture protection, the ecology civilized society to construct,“three agriculture”the question and so on.
Realizing Gansu Province Corridor tourist resources sustainable development, firstly needs to establish the big area“the Gobi Desert nature protection area”, each Gansu Corridor tourist area may continue to depend on the division theory and the method of“the core area, the buffer, the transition region”to conduct the landscape pattern plan,and also paying attention to balance contradiction between the coordinated economic efficiency and the resources conservation, the total principle is“coordination, protection, use”.The natural landscape needs to expanse buffer and the transition region area by many kinds of ways in order to balance contradiction between the ecology and nature, enhance the landscape capacity and the supporting capacity to achieve the economic efficiency and core area protection.These understanding already reached the widespread mutual recognition and positive practice.
In the future,Gansu Corridor traveling development still needs to insist the mentalityof“point - axis”development theory. However ,if we want to promote the corridor traveling level comprehensively, we must strengthen the whole region traveling plan and the corridor tourist route, the brand plan over the urban traveling plan and pays great attentions in the collocation between different band tourist areas and spots, forging the characteristic tourist route and the well-known tourist route brand, forming the aspect of the big areas drivening the small areas and the strong areas drivening the weak areas. Form the situation of the core cities, the core spots or areas leading the small region development. Transit from the traditional market competition of tourism area ,spot to the market competition of line produce; Promote the corridor region traveling cooperation and construct high-quality tourist area effectively. The whole region market competition can avoid“camouflaging, the internal competition mutually”, increases the competitive advantage; The Gansu Corridor region traveling cooperation has not left the first step in the practice. Now the most importantance is that the government can realize the cooperation significance, display the infrastructure and the thought strategy promotion effect. The final goal of Gansu Corridor region traveling cooperation is establishing“the Gansu Corridor no barrier and high-quality tourist area”, promote corridor tourist development and turning ecological, cause Gansu Corridor becoming the high quality, eco-tourism cooperation region.
The sustainable development is the important step which will promotes Gansu Corridor tourism advancing to the future and eco-tourism age.It is the basic principle and the goal of Gansu Corridor tourist resources development. Carry on the sciential appraisal on importance of Gansu Corridor tourist resource Implement overall principle of“protect firstly, the government leading, society-ecological benefit, generation of border inheritance”for the state-level, key protected tourist resources; It needs to develop reasonably, experience the development business model that state-owned but privately operated,balanced economy benefit,social efficiency, ecological benefit for Gansu Corridor state-level or provincial level proteced tourist resources;Additionally, strengthens and supports reasonable development of Gansu Corridor non-key,the management tourist resources, it’s better to experience many kinds of development business model. For example,the model of privately owning and operating, or state-owning but privately operating and so on,so as to promote the economic efficiency, social efficiency benefit realized, finally realizes and advances the eco-tourism in the Gansu Corridor traveling development.
引文
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