PAC复合不同粒径粘土矿物强化混凝除藻性能研究
摘要
水藻爆发时对饮用水处理和水质造成的危害已引起人们的广泛关注,尤其是藻类繁殖造成水处理厂的滤池堵塞,一直是给水处理中难以解决的问题。目前供水处理厂净化水质应用最普遍的是以无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)为主的混凝法。PAC对藻类具有良好的凝聚性能,并能形成大的絮体而导致沉淀,但所形成的絮体疏松,沉降性能较差,不能达到有效分离水藻的目的。近年Anderson,D.M在Nature上发表的一篇文章中指出:“天然矿物混凝法是最希望解决水藻污染的方法之一。”研究表明,天然矿物虽然能使藻类凝聚,但在投量小于60mg/L的情况下,形成的微小颗粒很难下沉。本研究将具有优良混凝性能的PAC与不同粒径食品助剂级天然矿物复合去除给水中的藻类,并对铝的形态进行了分析测定。实验证明,矿物与PAC复合后可明显增加絮体的密实度,加快其沉降速度,减少沉淀后絮体的体积,使沉淀后的絮体不再漂浮,从而可减少絮体进入滤池造成堵塞,达到有效分离水藻的目的,同时还能有效降低出水中铝的含量和TOC含量。铝形态的含量也发生一定变化,悬浮态铝含量增加,溶解态铝含量减少。
控制稀释后藻液于680nm处的吸光度为0.030,取藻液1000ml在ZR4-6混凝试验搅拌机上进行混凝实验。研究表明,不同粒径矿物与PAC复合对藻类的去除效果有良好的规律性。在矿物粒径为160目,PAC和高岭土投加量分别12mg/L和24mg/L情况下,处理单一藻——颤藻效果最好,浊度和叶绿素a去除率达到98.2%和100%。而处理混合藻时所需要的PAC和高岭土的最佳投加量为14mg/L和24mg/L,浊度和叶绿素a去除率达到96.7%和98.3%。
分析认为,高岭土的主要作用是增加水中悬浮颗粒的浓度,增大颗粒间的碰撞机会,并在快速搅拌过程中作为藻类细胞等悬浮颗粒的凝结核使形成的一级集团颗粒半径变小、密度变大,从而加快絮体沉降速度,减少沉淀后絮体体积。
The harm of algae blooming to the treatment and quality of drinking water has already aroused people’s attention. The filter jam caused by algae is all along a hard problem to resolve for water treatment plant. At present the mainly method for purifying water in water treatment plants is coagulation with inorganic polymer flocculants polyaluminum chloride (PAC) .Polyaluminium chloride(PAC) has excellent agglomerate performance and can make floccules grow bigger enough to settle. However, the floccules formed by PAC are too incompact to subside effectively that the aim to separate algae from water availably can not be achieved. Aderson.D.M pointed out on an article published in Nature that coagulation with clay was one of the most promising methods to solve the problem of algae pollution. Studies indicated that clays could do adhere to algae, whereas the floccules were small and difficult to go down when the dosage of clays was less than 60mg/L. In this article, the coagulation processed by compounding PAC, which has well flocculating and subsiding performance, with different size of food additives clay was introduced. The progress had greatly intensified the compactness of flocs and increased its perceptibility. Therefore, it effectively prevented the flocs from floating again and avoided the flocs entering the filter and leading to filter jam. Thus, not only the algae could be removed from water effectively but also the content of Al left and TOC in treated water could be reduced. The content of aluminum species has changed. The contents of suspended aluminum is increased, and the contents of soluble aluminum is decreased.
Control the absorbency of the diluted algae solution as 0.030 at 680nm and put 1000ml of the solution into ZR4-6 coagulation experimental blender. The results showed that the removal of algae with different size of clay compounded with PAC has good rules. When the size of clay is 160 and the dosage of PAC and clay are 12mg/L and 24mg/L, the effect of oscillatoria removal is best. The removal rate of turbidity and chlorophyll-a are 98.2% and 100%. The removal of mixed algae needs PAC 14mg/L and clay 24mg/L. The removal rate of turbidity and chlorophyll-a are 96.7% and 98.3%.
Considering mechanism, the main function of clays(kaolin) should be to increase the concentration of suspending particles, to promote the colliding opportunity among the particles and to act as the coagulate core of algae and other suspending particles in the process of fast-stirring, which can make the first-level group particle get smaller and thicker according to the model of flocs growth.
控制稀释后藻液于680nm处的吸光度为0.030,取藻液1000ml在ZR4-6混凝试验搅拌机上进行混凝实验。研究表明,不同粒径矿物与PAC复合对藻类的去除效果有良好的规律性。在矿物粒径为160目,PAC和高岭土投加量分别12mg/L和24mg/L情况下,处理单一藻——颤藻效果最好,浊度和叶绿素a去除率达到98.2%和100%。而处理混合藻时所需要的PAC和高岭土的最佳投加量为14mg/L和24mg/L,浊度和叶绿素a去除率达到96.7%和98.3%。
分析认为,高岭土的主要作用是增加水中悬浮颗粒的浓度,增大颗粒间的碰撞机会,并在快速搅拌过程中作为藻类细胞等悬浮颗粒的凝结核使形成的一级集团颗粒半径变小、密度变大,从而加快絮体沉降速度,减少沉淀后絮体体积。
The harm of algae blooming to the treatment and quality of drinking water has already aroused people’s attention. The filter jam caused by algae is all along a hard problem to resolve for water treatment plant. At present the mainly method for purifying water in water treatment plants is coagulation with inorganic polymer flocculants polyaluminum chloride (PAC) .Polyaluminium chloride(PAC) has excellent agglomerate performance and can make floccules grow bigger enough to settle. However, the floccules formed by PAC are too incompact to subside effectively that the aim to separate algae from water availably can not be achieved. Aderson.D.M pointed out on an article published in Nature that coagulation with clay was one of the most promising methods to solve the problem of algae pollution. Studies indicated that clays could do adhere to algae, whereas the floccules were small and difficult to go down when the dosage of clays was less than 60mg/L. In this article, the coagulation processed by compounding PAC, which has well flocculating and subsiding performance, with different size of food additives clay was introduced. The progress had greatly intensified the compactness of flocs and increased its perceptibility. Therefore, it effectively prevented the flocs from floating again and avoided the flocs entering the filter and leading to filter jam. Thus, not only the algae could be removed from water effectively but also the content of Al left and TOC in treated water could be reduced. The content of aluminum species has changed. The contents of suspended aluminum is increased, and the contents of soluble aluminum is decreased.
Control the absorbency of the diluted algae solution as 0.030 at 680nm and put 1000ml of the solution into ZR4-6 coagulation experimental blender. The results showed that the removal of algae with different size of clay compounded with PAC has good rules. When the size of clay is 160 and the dosage of PAC and clay are 12mg/L and 24mg/L, the effect of oscillatoria removal is best. The removal rate of turbidity and chlorophyll-a are 98.2% and 100%. The removal of mixed algae needs PAC 14mg/L and clay 24mg/L. The removal rate of turbidity and chlorophyll-a are 96.7% and 98.3%.
Considering mechanism, the main function of clays(kaolin) should be to increase the concentration of suspending particles, to promote the colliding opportunity among the particles and to act as the coagulate core of algae and other suspending particles in the process of fast-stirring, which can make the first-level group particle get smaller and thicker according to the model of flocs growth.
引文
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