杭州湾海洋生物多样性和生态系统健康评价研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的飞速发展,由于人类对海洋资源的开发利用强度日益加剧,过度捕捞、环境污染、生态入侵、生境丧失、海水养殖单一化使海域生态环境恶化,海洋生物多样性受到严重威胁。因此,为了有效保护海洋生物资源,保证资源的可持续利用和环境的健康发展,我们必须开展生物多样性方面的研究。
研究海洋生物多样性、评价生态系统健康程度是当前科学研究的重要内容之一,也对保护海洋环境和生物多样性有着极为重要的意义。因此,本课题通过分析研究重点河口——杭州湾的生物多样性,了解河口类型的生态特征和健康性,为海洋环境保护和海洋管理发展的需要提供课借鉴的科学依据。
2006年4月和8月我们对杭州湾浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖生物、潮间带生物、鱼卵仔鱼等海洋生物开展了两个航次的调查,调查结果表明:
杭州湾共调查到浮游植物55种,浮游动物53种,底栖生物46种,潮间带生物共有49种,同时还调查到22种稚仔鱼、鱼卵。浮游植物多样性较好,浮游动物多样性指数0.54～3.65,8月大于4月,浅水Ⅱ型网大于浅水Ⅰ型网;底栖生物多样性指数0.34～1.55,也是8月高于4月;潮间带生物多样性指数一般。
与收集到的历史资料相比,历年来浮游植物密度有不断增高的趋势;浮游动物的密度除了06年较大外,其余时期浮游动物的平均密度都在100多个/m~3,而生物量则为几十mg/m~3;近3年底栖生物的栖息密度有明显减少的趋势;生物量则变化不大。
杭州湾生态系统健康指数为23.3,生物生态健康状况总体处于亚健康状态,生物群落结构状况较差,说明生态系统受到的干扰比较严重。
相关性分析结果显示:2004-2006年杭州湾水域浮游植物和浮游动物的密度变化趋势基本一致,两者之间存在着明显的正相关。浮游动物的生物量与个体密度在2006年两个航次均存在明显的正相关关系,表明杭州湾水域浮游动物的个体密度与生物量在时空变化一致。浮游植物与水温、盐度的相关性不明显,但是浮游动物的种类数与水温和盐度的相关性相当明显。
Based on the investigation data from the two cruises in April and August of 2006 in the area of Hangzhou Bay, total 55 species of phytoplankton, 53 species of zooplankton, 46 species of zoobenthos, and 49 species of inter-tidal biological were identified, and at the same time, 22 species of fish larvae and juveniles were determined. The phytoplankton was better in the diversity. The zooplankton biodiversity index varied from 0.54 to 3.65, and the index in August was larger than in April, and the index of Shallow-water type II net was larger than the index of Shallow-water type I plankton net. The zoobenthos biodiversity index ranged between 0.34 and 1.55, and also the index in August was larger than in April. The inter-tidal biological diversity was in the general level.
Contrasting with the historical data, the density of phytoplankton showed growing trend over the years, and the average density of zooplankton were more than 100 ind/m~3 except it was larger in 2006, and the the average biomass of zooplankton were some dozens mg/m~3. The density of zoobenthos showed obvious increase variation trend in the last three years, while there was not much change of the biomass.
The ecosystem health index of Hangzhou Bay was 23.3, and the condition of ecological health was in the sub-health level. The poor community structure of marine biology in Hangzhou Bay showed that the ecosystem was interfered seriously.
Correlation Analysis indicated that, from 2004 to 2006, the density of phytoplankton and zooplankton performanced same variable trend, and there was positive correlation between them. The biomass and density of zooplankton showed obvious positive correlation in both two cruises of 2006, which indicated that the zooplankton biomass and density were consistent in time and space changes. Phytoplankton displayed neither correlation with water temperature nor with salinity, but the species of zooplankton showed obvious correlations with water temperature and salinity.
研究海洋生物多样性、评价生态系统健康程度是当前科学研究的重要内容之一,也对保护海洋环境和生物多样性有着极为重要的意义。因此,本课题通过分析研究重点河口——杭州湾的生物多样性,了解河口类型的生态特征和健康性,为海洋环境保护和海洋管理发展的需要提供课借鉴的科学依据。
2006年4月和8月我们对杭州湾浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖生物、潮间带生物、鱼卵仔鱼等海洋生物开展了两个航次的调查,调查结果表明:
杭州湾共调查到浮游植物55种,浮游动物53种,底栖生物46种,潮间带生物共有49种,同时还调查到22种稚仔鱼、鱼卵。浮游植物多样性较好,浮游动物多样性指数0.54～3.65,8月大于4月,浅水Ⅱ型网大于浅水Ⅰ型网;底栖生物多样性指数0.34～1.55,也是8月高于4月;潮间带生物多样性指数一般。
与收集到的历史资料相比,历年来浮游植物密度有不断增高的趋势;浮游动物的密度除了06年较大外,其余时期浮游动物的平均密度都在100多个/m~3,而生物量则为几十mg/m~3;近3年底栖生物的栖息密度有明显减少的趋势;生物量则变化不大。
杭州湾生态系统健康指数为23.3,生物生态健康状况总体处于亚健康状态,生物群落结构状况较差,说明生态系统受到的干扰比较严重。
相关性分析结果显示:2004-2006年杭州湾水域浮游植物和浮游动物的密度变化趋势基本一致,两者之间存在着明显的正相关。浮游动物的生物量与个体密度在2006年两个航次均存在明显的正相关关系,表明杭州湾水域浮游动物的个体密度与生物量在时空变化一致。浮游植物与水温、盐度的相关性不明显,但是浮游动物的种类数与水温和盐度的相关性相当明显。
Based on the investigation data from the two cruises in April and August of 2006 in the area of Hangzhou Bay, total 55 species of phytoplankton, 53 species of zooplankton, 46 species of zoobenthos, and 49 species of inter-tidal biological were identified, and at the same time, 22 species of fish larvae and juveniles were determined. The phytoplankton was better in the diversity. The zooplankton biodiversity index varied from 0.54 to 3.65, and the index in August was larger than in April, and the index of Shallow-water type II net was larger than the index of Shallow-water type I plankton net. The zoobenthos biodiversity index ranged between 0.34 and 1.55, and also the index in August was larger than in April. The inter-tidal biological diversity was in the general level.
Contrasting with the historical data, the density of phytoplankton showed growing trend over the years, and the average density of zooplankton were more than 100 ind/m~3 except it was larger in 2006, and the the average biomass of zooplankton were some dozens mg/m~3. The density of zoobenthos showed obvious increase variation trend in the last three years, while there was not much change of the biomass.
The ecosystem health index of Hangzhou Bay was 23.3, and the condition of ecological health was in the sub-health level. The poor community structure of marine biology in Hangzhou Bay showed that the ecosystem was interfered seriously.
Correlation Analysis indicated that, from 2004 to 2006, the density of phytoplankton and zooplankton performanced same variable trend, and there was positive correlation between them. The biomass and density of zooplankton showed obvious positive correlation in both two cruises of 2006, which indicated that the zooplankton biomass and density were consistent in time and space changes. Phytoplankton displayed neither correlation with water temperature nor with salinity, but the species of zooplankton showed obvious correlations with water temperature and salinity.
引文
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