钢框架结构拟动力试验及结构动力相似关系研究
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摘要
在当前模拟结构地震反应的试验研究中,拟动力试验方法是应用广泛且具有发展潜力的试验方法。本文在拟动力试验方法和钢框架结构体系抗震性能研究的基础上,在MTS电液伺服加载系统上对缩尺比例为1/3的两层钢框架模型进行模拟地震反应试验,通过对钢框架模型试验结果与理论分析结果(加速度、水平位移、以及基底剪力等)进行对比研究,了解到钢框架结构体系是具有较好抗震性能、较强抗侧力性能的结构体系。
同时,本文对模型结构试验的动力相似关系也进行了探讨。为了验证模型结构拟动力试验方法的可行性和有效性,本文利用有限元软件对纯钢框架结构体系进行了缩尺模型和原型的计算机模拟,并对两种计算结果进行比较分析。研究表明当结构自由度过多或者尺寸较大时,受到试验条件和控制精度的限制时,采用缩尺模型进行拟动力试验可作为原型结构体系拟动力试验的一种替代选择。模型结构拟动力试验能基本准确地反映结构在给定地震波输入下的地震反应,从而提升了拟动力试验的实际应用价值。
At present, pseudo dynamic testing method is popular and development potential in all seismic testing methods. In this paper ,based on pseudo dynamic testing method and the seismic behaviors of steel frame structure system ,the earthquake response tests have been conducted on the specimen of two-story steel frame model with 1/3 scale by MTS computer-actuator on-line system in order to study seismic behaviors of steel frame structure system under common earthquake action, and the results (acceleration, horizontal displacement and base shearing force etc.) were comparatively analyzed to theoretical analysis. Then it is clearly known the steel frame structure system can support better anti-earthquake character, more strong resistance ability of lateral force and it is an optimum construction system.
At the same time, the dynamical similarity relation of Scaled model structure (SMS) dynamic testing has been analyzed. In order to verify the feasibility and the validity of SMS pseudo dynamic testing method, SMS seismic evaluation and Original model seismic evaluations of steel frame system were performed by the finite-element analysis software and the results were comparatively analyzed. The research showed that SMS pseudo dynamic testing can replace the Original model pseudo dynamic testing when the structural DOF are too many or the structural stiffness is overlarge, or when the testing condition and the control precision are limited. The Scaled model structure pseudo dynamic testing method is able to basically reflect structure's seismic response characteristics under the given earthquake wave, so the practical application value of pseudo dynamic testing can be promoted successfully.
同时,本文对模型结构试验的动力相似关系也进行了探讨。为了验证模型结构拟动力试验方法的可行性和有效性,本文利用有限元软件对纯钢框架结构体系进行了缩尺模型和原型的计算机模拟,并对两种计算结果进行比较分析。研究表明当结构自由度过多或者尺寸较大时,受到试验条件和控制精度的限制时,采用缩尺模型进行拟动力试验可作为原型结构体系拟动力试验的一种替代选择。模型结构拟动力试验能基本准确地反映结构在给定地震波输入下的地震反应,从而提升了拟动力试验的实际应用价值。
At present, pseudo dynamic testing method is popular and development potential in all seismic testing methods. In this paper ,based on pseudo dynamic testing method and the seismic behaviors of steel frame structure system ,the earthquake response tests have been conducted on the specimen of two-story steel frame model with 1/3 scale by MTS computer-actuator on-line system in order to study seismic behaviors of steel frame structure system under common earthquake action, and the results (acceleration, horizontal displacement and base shearing force etc.) were comparatively analyzed to theoretical analysis. Then it is clearly known the steel frame structure system can support better anti-earthquake character, more strong resistance ability of lateral force and it is an optimum construction system.
At the same time, the dynamical similarity relation of Scaled model structure (SMS) dynamic testing has been analyzed. In order to verify the feasibility and the validity of SMS pseudo dynamic testing method, SMS seismic evaluation and Original model seismic evaluations of steel frame system were performed by the finite-element analysis software and the results were comparatively analyzed. The research showed that SMS pseudo dynamic testing can replace the Original model pseudo dynamic testing when the structural DOF are too many or the structural stiffness is overlarge, or when the testing condition and the control precision are limited. The Scaled model structure pseudo dynamic testing method is able to basically reflect structure's seismic response characteristics under the given earthquake wave, so the practical application value of pseudo dynamic testing can be promoted successfully.
引文
1.陈民三、胡连文,钢结构在建筑工程中的应用与发展,建筑结构学报,1990.
2.邱国桦,高层建筑钢结构的技术经济探讨及今后发展的建议,建筑结构学报,1991.6.
3.崔鸿超,高层建筑钢结构在我国的发展,建筑结构学报,1997.1.
4.王肇民,建筑钢结构设计,同济大学出版社,117-119,2001.
5.王亚勇,关于设计反应谱、时程法和能量法的探讨,建筑结构学报,2000年第一期.
6.邱法维,钱稼茹,陈志鹏.结构抗震实验方法.科学出版社.2000.
7.李莹,带支撑的轻型钢框架强震分析,同济大学硕士学位论文,2001.
8.Charles W.Roeder,Seisimic Behavior of Concentrically Braced Frame Journal of Structural Engineering,1989,115(8):1837-1856
9.田亚军、张耀春,钢模型结构的地震模拟试验研究,钢结构,1998,3.
10.沈国庆、陈宏等,支撑形式对钢框架结构抗震性能影响,低温建筑技术,2005,6.
11.李国强,沈祖炎.钢结构框架体系弹性及弹塑性分析与计算理论.上海科学技术出版社,1998.6.
12.姚谦峰、苏三庆.地震工程.陕西科学技术出版社.2000.10.
13.曹均锋.钢框架体系拟动力试验及两种实现方法的对比研究,合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2007.
14.Masayoshi Nakashima and Nobuaki Masaoka,Real-time on-line test for MDOF systems,Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.1999,28,393-420.
15.陈瑜、董世民、李丽萍,《建筑抗震试验方法规程》中的拟动力试验方法简介,建筑科学,1995,2.
16.田石柱、赵桐,抗震拟动力试验研究,世界地震工程,2001,12.
17.邱法维,拟动力实验中的数值积分方法,哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1994,27.
18.M.I.Wallace,J.Sieber,S.A.Neild,D.J.Wagg and B.Krauskopf,Stability analysis of real-time dynamic substructuring using delay differential equation models.Engineering and Structural Dynamics.2005,34,1817-1832.
19.邱法维,无条件稳定数值积分方法在拟动力实验中的应用研究,实验力学,1994,12卷,第4期.
20.H.M.Hilber,T.R.Hugher and R.L.Taylor,Improved numerical dissipation for time integration algorithms in structural dynamics,Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,vol.5,no.2,1977,283-292.
21.C.R.Thewalt and S.A.Mahin,Hybrid solution techniques for Generalized Pseudo dynamic Testing Report No,UCB/EERC-87/09,University of California,Berkeley,California.
22.龚思礼:建筑抗震设计手册,中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
23.建筑结构荷载规范(GB50009-2001),北京,2002.
24.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001),北京,2001.
25.李爱群,高振世:工程结构抗震与防灾,东南大学出版社,2003.
26.P.Pegon and A.V.Pinto,Pseudo-dynamic testing with substructuring at the ELSA Laboratory.Engineering and Structural Dynamics.2000,29,905-925.
27.邱法维、潘鹏、钱稼茹、宋贻焱,建筑结构拟动力实验软件的开发与应用[J]建筑结构学报,2000,5.
28.胡文源、邹晋华,时程分析法中有关地震波选取的几个注意问题,南方冶金学院学报,2003,24.
29.王亚勇,结构抗震时程分析法输入地震记录的选择方法及其应用,建筑结构,1992,3.
30.林东欣,钢管混凝土框架拟动力地震反应试验研究,福州大学硕士学位论文,2003,5.
31.宗周红、林东欣、邱法维,钢管混凝土组合框架结构拟动力抗震性能试验研究,建筑结构学报,2002,4.
32.范力、赵斌、吕西林,拟动力实验中几个问题的讨论,结构工程师,2006,22(5):50-53.
33.Lai ML Chang KC,Song TT,Hao DS,Yeh Y C:Full-scale Visco elastic Damped Steel Frame,Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1995,121(10):1443-1457.
34.薛彦涛,赵国扬.高层结构抗震模型试验[J].建筑结构,1997,27(6):48-51.
35.杨巧荣,某全钢结构地震模拟振动台试验和理论研究,世界地震工程,2003,3.
36.迟世春、林少书,结构动力模型试验相似理论及其验证,世界地震工程,2004,20(4):11-20.
37.黄维平、邬瑞锋、张前国,配重不足时的动力试验模型与原型相似关系问题的探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,1994,14(4):65-71.
38.张敏政.地震模拟实验中的相似律应用的若干问题[J].地震工程与工程振动,1996,17(2):52-58.
39.林皋,朱彤,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1):1-8.
40.张昕、周德源等,某高层建筑结构模型振动台试验研究及有限元分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(3):37-43.
41.萨布尼斯GM等,结构模型和试验技术.北京:铁道出版社,1989.
42.江宇一郎等.模型试验理论和应用.北京:科学出版社,1984.
43.郑山锁.动力试验模型在任意配重条件下与原型结构的相似关系,工业建筑,2000,30(3):35-39.
44.北京金土木软件技术有限公司、中国建筑标准设计研究院,SAP2000中文版使用指南,中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
2.邱国桦,高层建筑钢结构的技术经济探讨及今后发展的建议,建筑结构学报,1991.6.
3.崔鸿超,高层建筑钢结构在我国的发展,建筑结构学报,1997.1.
4.王肇民,建筑钢结构设计,同济大学出版社,117-119,2001.
5.王亚勇,关于设计反应谱、时程法和能量法的探讨,建筑结构学报,2000年第一期.
6.邱法维,钱稼茹,陈志鹏.结构抗震实验方法.科学出版社.2000.
7.李莹,带支撑的轻型钢框架强震分析,同济大学硕士学位论文,2001.
8.Charles W.Roeder,Seisimic Behavior of Concentrically Braced Frame Journal of Structural Engineering,1989,115(8):1837-1856
9.田亚军、张耀春,钢模型结构的地震模拟试验研究,钢结构,1998,3.
10.沈国庆、陈宏等,支撑形式对钢框架结构抗震性能影响,低温建筑技术,2005,6.
11.李国强,沈祖炎.钢结构框架体系弹性及弹塑性分析与计算理论.上海科学技术出版社,1998.6.
12.姚谦峰、苏三庆.地震工程.陕西科学技术出版社.2000.10.
13.曹均锋.钢框架体系拟动力试验及两种实现方法的对比研究,合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2007.
14.Masayoshi Nakashima and Nobuaki Masaoka,Real-time on-line test for MDOF systems,Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.1999,28,393-420.
15.陈瑜、董世民、李丽萍,《建筑抗震试验方法规程》中的拟动力试验方法简介,建筑科学,1995,2.
16.田石柱、赵桐,抗震拟动力试验研究,世界地震工程,2001,12.
17.邱法维,拟动力实验中的数值积分方法,哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1994,27.
18.M.I.Wallace,J.Sieber,S.A.Neild,D.J.Wagg and B.Krauskopf,Stability analysis of real-time dynamic substructuring using delay differential equation models.Engineering and Structural Dynamics.2005,34,1817-1832.
19.邱法维,无条件稳定数值积分方法在拟动力实验中的应用研究,实验力学,1994,12卷,第4期.
20.H.M.Hilber,T.R.Hugher and R.L.Taylor,Improved numerical dissipation for time integration algorithms in structural dynamics,Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,vol.5,no.2,1977,283-292.
21.C.R.Thewalt and S.A.Mahin,Hybrid solution techniques for Generalized Pseudo dynamic Testing Report No,UCB/EERC-87/09,University of California,Berkeley,California.
22.龚思礼:建筑抗震设计手册,中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
23.建筑结构荷载规范(GB50009-2001),北京,2002.
24.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001),北京,2001.
25.李爱群,高振世:工程结构抗震与防灾,东南大学出版社,2003.
26.P.Pegon and A.V.Pinto,Pseudo-dynamic testing with substructuring at the ELSA Laboratory.Engineering and Structural Dynamics.2000,29,905-925.
27.邱法维、潘鹏、钱稼茹、宋贻焱,建筑结构拟动力实验软件的开发与应用[J]建筑结构学报,2000,5.
28.胡文源、邹晋华,时程分析法中有关地震波选取的几个注意问题,南方冶金学院学报,2003,24.
29.王亚勇,结构抗震时程分析法输入地震记录的选择方法及其应用,建筑结构,1992,3.
30.林东欣,钢管混凝土框架拟动力地震反应试验研究,福州大学硕士学位论文,2003,5.
31.宗周红、林东欣、邱法维,钢管混凝土组合框架结构拟动力抗震性能试验研究,建筑结构学报,2002,4.
32.范力、赵斌、吕西林,拟动力实验中几个问题的讨论,结构工程师,2006,22(5):50-53.
33.Lai ML Chang KC,Song TT,Hao DS,Yeh Y C:Full-scale Visco elastic Damped Steel Frame,Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1995,121(10):1443-1457.
34.薛彦涛,赵国扬.高层结构抗震模型试验[J].建筑结构,1997,27(6):48-51.
35.杨巧荣,某全钢结构地震模拟振动台试验和理论研究,世界地震工程,2003,3.
36.迟世春、林少书,结构动力模型试验相似理论及其验证,世界地震工程,2004,20(4):11-20.
37.黄维平、邬瑞锋、张前国,配重不足时的动力试验模型与原型相似关系问题的探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,1994,14(4):65-71.
38.张敏政.地震模拟实验中的相似律应用的若干问题[J].地震工程与工程振动,1996,17(2):52-58.
39.林皋,朱彤,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1):1-8.
40.张昕、周德源等,某高层建筑结构模型振动台试验研究及有限元分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(3):37-43.
41.萨布尼斯GM等,结构模型和试验技术.北京:铁道出版社,1989.
42.江宇一郎等.模型试验理论和应用.北京:科学出版社,1984.
43.郑山锁.动力试验模型在任意配重条件下与原型结构的相似关系,工业建筑,2000,30(3):35-39.
44.北京金土木软件技术有限公司、中国建筑标准设计研究院,SAP2000中文版使用指南,中国建筑工业出版社,2004.