车载多传感器实时图像跟踪系统的硬件设计
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摘要
随着图像处理技术的进步和新型多媒体专用DSP器件的涌现,现有图像跟踪系统正在快速升级换代。本课题在参阅大量文献资料和相关科研项目的基础上,提出了以TI公司高性能多媒体专用数字信号处理器TMS320DM642为核心器件搭建图像跟踪系统硬件平台的方案。
课题主要是对基于DM642的图像跟踪系统进行研究,并根据系统所要实现的主要功能和性能指标进行系统的软硬件设计,以硬件设计为主。
论文首先介绍了课题的项目背景和研究意义,综述了目标成像跟踪系统的发展历程、研究现状与发展趋势。其次,针对系统功能需求,进行了系统总体方案的论证,完成系统的总体结构设计。接着,详细讲述了图像跟踪系统各子模块的硬件电路设计,主要包括DM642芯片简介、视频采集模块设计、视频输出模块设计、SDRAM大容量外部数据存储器扩展电路设计、FLASH程序存储器电路设计,I~2C模块接口设计、电源模块设计和时钟电路设计等;系统硬件设计采用了模块化的设计方法,使系统具有良好的可扩展性;在PCB设计方面,考虑到高速信号完整性和电磁兼容性的问题,设计时严格遵循了高频电路设计原则。在软件设计方面,主要对系统的整个软件工作流程和每个模块的工作流程作了分析与设计。
最后,对课题作了总结和展望,介绍了课题工作的完成情况,并对系统的进一步的设计和功能改进提出了可行性建议。
With the development of the image processing technology and the emergence of new multimedia DSP devices for special purpose, image tracking systems are turning into a new generation. Taking a lot of literatures and relevant projects for reference, the thesis proposes a brand-new design solution to construct a image tracking system platform based on TMS320DM642, which is a high-performance multimedia digital signal processor developed by TI.
The thesis focuses on the analysis and the design of the image tracking system based on DM642. Taking the functions and the quotas of the system into account, we design the hardware and the software of the system, mainly the hardware.
Firstly, the thesis introduces the background of the project and the value of the research, summarizes the development, current situation and the tendency of object image tracking system. Secondly, focusing on the functions of the system, the thesis discusses the main plan of the system design, and finishes the design of the main structure of the system. Then, the hardware design of the modules in the system is narrated in detail, including the introduction of DM642, the design of the expanded mass memory SDRAM circuit, the image acquisition and output modules, the power system and the clock system etc. Adopting the modular design technique, the system has better expansibility. For PCB design, considering the SI (Signal Integrity) and EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility), the PCB design strictly follows the rules of high speed circuit design. In software design, the software flow of the whole system is analyzed, including the flow of each molecule in detail.
Finally, a summary of the project is made, the process of the project is introduced, and further proposals and additional functions of the design are given at last.
课题主要是对基于DM642的图像跟踪系统进行研究,并根据系统所要实现的主要功能和性能指标进行系统的软硬件设计,以硬件设计为主。
论文首先介绍了课题的项目背景和研究意义,综述了目标成像跟踪系统的发展历程、研究现状与发展趋势。其次,针对系统功能需求,进行了系统总体方案的论证,完成系统的总体结构设计。接着,详细讲述了图像跟踪系统各子模块的硬件电路设计,主要包括DM642芯片简介、视频采集模块设计、视频输出模块设计、SDRAM大容量外部数据存储器扩展电路设计、FLASH程序存储器电路设计,I~2C模块接口设计、电源模块设计和时钟电路设计等;系统硬件设计采用了模块化的设计方法,使系统具有良好的可扩展性;在PCB设计方面,考虑到高速信号完整性和电磁兼容性的问题,设计时严格遵循了高频电路设计原则。在软件设计方面,主要对系统的整个软件工作流程和每个模块的工作流程作了分析与设计。
最后,对课题作了总结和展望,介绍了课题工作的完成情况,并对系统的进一步的设计和功能改进提出了可行性建议。
With the development of the image processing technology and the emergence of new multimedia DSP devices for special purpose, image tracking systems are turning into a new generation. Taking a lot of literatures and relevant projects for reference, the thesis proposes a brand-new design solution to construct a image tracking system platform based on TMS320DM642, which is a high-performance multimedia digital signal processor developed by TI.
The thesis focuses on the analysis and the design of the image tracking system based on DM642. Taking the functions and the quotas of the system into account, we design the hardware and the software of the system, mainly the hardware.
Firstly, the thesis introduces the background of the project and the value of the research, summarizes the development, current situation and the tendency of object image tracking system. Secondly, focusing on the functions of the system, the thesis discusses the main plan of the system design, and finishes the design of the main structure of the system. Then, the hardware design of the modules in the system is narrated in detail, including the introduction of DM642, the design of the expanded mass memory SDRAM circuit, the image acquisition and output modules, the power system and the clock system etc. Adopting the modular design technique, the system has better expansibility. For PCB design, considering the SI (Signal Integrity) and EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility), the PCB design strictly follows the rules of high speed circuit design. In software design, the software flow of the whole system is analyzed, including the flow of each molecule in detail.
Finally, a summary of the project is made, the process of the project is introduced, and further proposals and additional functions of the design are given at last.
引文
[1]付强,王春平,姚志刚.基于TMS320DM642的电视跟踪系统设计[J].军械工程学院学报,2005,17(5):68-71
[2]曾桂林.电视跟踪在光电火控系统中的应用及发展趋势[J].西安:应用光学,2001,22(2):1-5
[3]王喆.基于DSP的电视图像跟踪系统:[硕士学位论文].吉林大学.2006.6
[4]杨银堂,马峰,刘毅.DSP应用开发从实践到提高[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[5]宋建中,王延杰.跟踪测量系统[J].长春:光学精密工程,1995
[6]潘安君,张凯,阎兆春,宋振福,黄继昌,邵芳苓.TMS320系列芯片在电视跟踪器中的应用[J].北京:系统工程与电子技术,1994,20(10):87-88
[7]魏波,李晓峰,李在铭.任意指定图像目标的实时检测与跟踪[J].北京:系统工程与电子技术,2000,10(5):37-42
[8]赵丹培.基于DSP的实时图像处理的研究:[硕士学位论文].长春理工大学,2002.12
[9]沈胜宏,韩月秋.基于多DSP和FPGA的高速并行互相关图像跟踪技术[J].北京:北京理工大学学报,2000,20(1):98-101
[10]赵保军,史彩成,韩月秋,毛二可.利用FPGA和DSP结合实现多目标实时检测[J].北京:电子学报,2001,29(8):1145-1147
[11]Mark H Linderman,Richard W Linderman.Real-Time STAP Demonstration on an Embedded High Performance Computer[J].IEEE Aerospace Electronic Systems Magazine,1998
[12]柯洪昌.电视图像跟踪系统的跟踪算法研究与硬件设计:[硕士学位论文].吉林大学,2007.4
[13]胡建人.逻辑电路与单片机基础[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006
[14]郭治.现代火控理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[15]J.C.Rachal.The Real-Time Image Processing Problem[J].IEEE National Aerospace Electronics,1982
[16]赵训威.基于TMS320C6200系列DSP芯片的应用与开发[M]北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.5
[17]彭启琮,李玉柏,管庆.DSP技术的发展与应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.9
[18]张茹,孙松林,于晓刚.嵌入式系统技术基础[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社, 2006.1
[19]魏晓云,陈杰,曾云.DSP技术的最新发展及其应用现状[J].石家庄:半导体技术,2003,28(9):18-21
[20]EYRE J,BIER J.The evolution of DSP processors from early architectures to the latest developments[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2000
[21]李保民.基于DM642的视频图像实时处理模块的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].武汉科技学院,2007.4
[22]曾义芳.DSP基础知识及系列芯片[M]北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.11
[23]2006年TI DSP大奖赛获奖作品汇编北京:电子工业出版社,2007.7
[24]谢明,吉书鹏.一种基于高速双DSP的柔性机载实时图像跟踪系统研究[J].红外技术,2005,27(2):99-104
[25]吉书鹏,丁晓青.机载多传感器实时图像跟踪系统研究[J].红外技术,2002,24(4):20-23
[26]Philips Semiconductors.SAA7115 Data Sheet.2001
[27]王春平,董淑棠,朱元昌,黄允华.基于DSP的实时电视跟踪系统设计与研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,1999,21(12):66-68
[28]A.Murat Tekalp.数字视频处理.北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[29]张海峰.基于DSP实时双光谱图像融合硬件系统设计:[硕士学位论文].吉林大学,2007.5
[30]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor.2005
[31]刘卯国.DSP芯片技术及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007.8
[32]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 Chip Support Library API User's Guide.2003
[33]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 系列DSP的CPU与外设.北京:清华大学出版社,2007.12
[34]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 Chip Support Library API User's Guide.2003.5
[35]Texas Instruments.TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed Point Digital Signal Processor.2006
[36]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface(EMIF).2006
[37]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320C6000 EMIF:Overview of Support of High Performance Memory Technology.2000
[38]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.Comparison of the TMS320C55x DSP EMIF and the TMS320C6000 DSP EMIF.2001
[39]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000.Board design for JTAG.2002
[40]张海峰.视频编码器SAA7105E的输出模式控制[J].电子元器件应用,2006.8:110-114
[41]Philips Semiconductors.SAA7105 Data Sheet.2001
[42]SPANSION.AM29LV33C Data Sheet.2003
[43]Micron Technology.MT48LC4M32B2 SYNCHRONOUS DRAM Data Sheet.2002.
[44]赵王凤,徐元欣,赵亮,李式巨.多路读写的SDRAM接口设计[J].电子技术应用,2001,28(9):11-13.
[45]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320C6000 EMIF to External Flash Memory.2002
[46]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320C6000 EMIF-to-Extemal SDRAM Interface.2004
[47]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320C6000 DSP Inter-Integrated Circuit(I~2C)Module Reference Guide.2002
[48]程路,郑毅.Protel99SE多层电路板设计与制作[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.4
[49]张海兵,李敏.电路设计实例与分析.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[50]郭贵虎,涂国防,李成军.TMS320C6000 DSP自动引导的方法和编程实现.电子技术应用,2003.(9):78-80
[51]张琦,江汉红.基于多DSP和FPGA的实时双模视频跟踪装置设计.微计算机信息,2005.第21卷第10-2期
[52]王虎元,刘永昌.实时双模图像跟踪系统技术研究.中国图像图形学报,1997.3.第2卷第2,3期
[2]曾桂林.电视跟踪在光电火控系统中的应用及发展趋势[J].西安:应用光学,2001,22(2):1-5
[3]王喆.基于DSP的电视图像跟踪系统:[硕士学位论文].吉林大学.2006.6
[4]杨银堂,马峰,刘毅.DSP应用开发从实践到提高[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[5]宋建中,王延杰.跟踪测量系统[J].长春:光学精密工程,1995
[6]潘安君,张凯,阎兆春,宋振福,黄继昌,邵芳苓.TMS320系列芯片在电视跟踪器中的应用[J].北京:系统工程与电子技术,1994,20(10):87-88
[7]魏波,李晓峰,李在铭.任意指定图像目标的实时检测与跟踪[J].北京:系统工程与电子技术,2000,10(5):37-42
[8]赵丹培.基于DSP的实时图像处理的研究:[硕士学位论文].长春理工大学,2002.12
[9]沈胜宏,韩月秋.基于多DSP和FPGA的高速并行互相关图像跟踪技术[J].北京:北京理工大学学报,2000,20(1):98-101
[10]赵保军,史彩成,韩月秋,毛二可.利用FPGA和DSP结合实现多目标实时检测[J].北京:电子学报,2001,29(8):1145-1147
[11]Mark H Linderman,Richard W Linderman.Real-Time STAP Demonstration on an Embedded High Performance Computer[J].IEEE Aerospace Electronic Systems Magazine,1998
[12]柯洪昌.电视图像跟踪系统的跟踪算法研究与硬件设计:[硕士学位论文].吉林大学,2007.4
[13]胡建人.逻辑电路与单片机基础[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006
[14]郭治.现代火控理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[15]J.C.Rachal.The Real-Time Image Processing Problem[J].IEEE National Aerospace Electronics,1982
[16]赵训威.基于TMS320C6200系列DSP芯片的应用与开发[M]北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.5
[17]彭启琮,李玉柏,管庆.DSP技术的发展与应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.9
[18]张茹,孙松林,于晓刚.嵌入式系统技术基础[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社, 2006.1
[19]魏晓云,陈杰,曾云.DSP技术的最新发展及其应用现状[J].石家庄:半导体技术,2003,28(9):18-21
[20]EYRE J,BIER J.The evolution of DSP processors from early architectures to the latest developments[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2000
[21]李保民.基于DM642的视频图像实时处理模块的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].武汉科技学院,2007.4
[22]曾义芳.DSP基础知识及系列芯片[M]北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.11
[23]2006年TI DSP大奖赛获奖作品汇编北京:电子工业出版社,2007.7
[24]谢明,吉书鹏.一种基于高速双DSP的柔性机载实时图像跟踪系统研究[J].红外技术,2005,27(2):99-104
[25]吉书鹏,丁晓青.机载多传感器实时图像跟踪系统研究[J].红外技术,2002,24(4):20-23
[26]Philips Semiconductors.SAA7115 Data Sheet.2001
[27]王春平,董淑棠,朱元昌,黄允华.基于DSP的实时电视跟踪系统设计与研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,1999,21(12):66-68
[28]A.Murat Tekalp.数字视频处理.北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[29]张海峰.基于DSP实时双光谱图像融合硬件系统设计:[硕士学位论文].吉林大学,2007.5
[30]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor.2005
[31]刘卯国.DSP芯片技术及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007.8
[32]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 Chip Support Library API User's Guide.2003
[33]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 系列DSP的CPU与外设.北京:清华大学出版社,2007.12
[34]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 Chip Support Library API User's Guide.2003.5
[35]Texas Instruments.TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed Point Digital Signal Processor.2006
[36]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface(EMIF).2006
[37]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320C6000 EMIF:Overview of Support of High Performance Memory Technology.2000
[38]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.Comparison of the TMS320C55x DSP EMIF and the TMS320C6000 DSP EMIF.2001
[39]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000.Board design for JTAG.2002
[40]张海峰.视频编码器SAA7105E的输出模式控制[J].电子元器件应用,2006.8:110-114
[41]Philips Semiconductors.SAA7105 Data Sheet.2001
[42]SPANSION.AM29LV33C Data Sheet.2003
[43]Micron Technology.MT48LC4M32B2 SYNCHRONOUS DRAM Data Sheet.2002.
[44]赵王凤,徐元欣,赵亮,李式巨.多路读写的SDRAM接口设计[J].电子技术应用,2001,28(9):11-13.
[45]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320C6000 EMIF to External Flash Memory.2002
[46]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320C6000 EMIF-to-Extemal SDRAM Interface.2004
[47]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.TMS320C6000 DSP Inter-Integrated Circuit(I~2C)Module Reference Guide.2002
[48]程路,郑毅.Protel99SE多层电路板设计与制作[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.4
[49]张海兵,李敏.电路设计实例与分析.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[50]郭贵虎,涂国防,李成军.TMS320C6000 DSP自动引导的方法和编程实现.电子技术应用,2003.(9):78-80
[51]张琦,江汉红.基于多DSP和FPGA的实时双模视频跟踪装置设计.微计算机信息,2005.第21卷第10-2期
[52]王虎元,刘永昌.实时双模图像跟踪系统技术研究.中国图像图形学报,1997.3.第2卷第2,3期