渤中13-1油田井壁稳定与钻井液优化技术研究
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摘要
近年来,随着海洋石油储量采出比例的不断增加,渤海油田的开发由上第三系储层向下第三系储层过渡,开发井的井深不断增加。渤海油田的下第三系地层地质条件复杂,安全密度窗口低,漏、涌、卡、井壁稳定问题均不同程度存在。
为实现中海油渤海油田油气年产量3000万方的计划,渤中13-1油田于2009年开始投入开发。该油田前期作业的探井在钻井过程中均发生了较为严重的井漏、井涌与严重气侵、卡钻、井壁失稳等井下复杂情况,严重影响钻井速度。三口探井处理事故和井下复杂时间高达1224.75h,占总钻井时间21.56%。渤中13-1油田做为渤海地区地质条件最为复杂、安全密度窗口最小的油田之一,对钻井及钻井液技术提出了新挑战,要求钻井液必须具备良好的性能,以满足复杂地层的需要,保证油田开发的顺利完成。为了保证渤中13-1油田开发过程中钻井作业的顺利,有必要深入研究该油田地层特性,确定地层孔隙压力、地应力、地层强度特征,明晰钻井过程中的井漏、涌、塌机理,建立地层孔隙压力、漏失压力、坍塌压力剖面,并在此基础上优化井身结构,降低钻井风险,提高钻井速度。针对渤中13-1油田进行井壁稳定和钻井液优化技术研究,不仅能保障该油田的顺利开发,也对渤海湾类似油田的开发都有着重要的借鉴意义。
本文重点对渤中13-1油田的井壁稳定情况进行了三个压力剖面、地应力、岩石强度及井漏的分析,并针对渤中13-1油田的储层和不稳定泥岩地层进行钻井液体系的优化,提高地层的承压能力,扩展钻井液安全密度窗口,保证该油田钻探开发顺利完成。现场9口井的试验表明,所研制的钻井液体系井下作业顺利,未出现任何复杂情况。
Shortage of petroleum resources has been a main problem in the world because the geologic reserve of oil and gas reduces fastly.The onshore area which has never been explored shrinks,while the estimated offshore reserve of oil and gas is considerable since the oceans occupy 70%of the total area of the Earth.Recently,the focus of the oil and gas exploitation in the Bohai Oilfield shifts from the Neocene to the Eogene and thus the well depth increases gradually because the offshore production has lasted for many years.The well problem and complications,such as the small safety window of mud weight,lost circulation, well kick,stuck pipe and wellbore instability have been experienced in the formations of the Eogene.
The Bozhong(BZ)13-1 Oilfield started to be exploited from the year 2009 in order to realize the total oil and gas production of 30 million cubic meters per year in Bohai Oilfields of the China National Offshore Oilfield Corporation(CNOOC).The early drilling operations experienced some downhole complications such as severe lost circulation,well kick,gas invasion,stuck pipe and wellbore instability and therefore the drilling rate was very low.The lost time for solving these complications in 3 exploration wells reached 21.56%of the total drilling time.The BZ13-1 Oilfield is one of the most geologically complicated oilfields in the Bohai Bay and has a very small safety window of mud weight.Therefore,the proper drilling fluid systems are badly required to combat these complications to ensure safe and smooth drilling operations.In order to understand the mechanism of lost circulation,well kick and caving,it is necessary to do some research into the formation lithology and find out the pore pressure,crustal stress and formation intensity and then draw a profile of the pore pressure, lost circulation pressure and caving pressure.These data can be used for the optimization of the casing procedure of a well to reduce the drilling risk and enhance the drilling rate.The research into the mechanism of the wellbore stability and the optimization of the drilling fluid systems not only ensures the smooth exploitation of the BZ13-1 Oilfield,but also helps to accelerate the development of the domestic lost circulation technology and can be worked as a reference to the exploitation of the similar oilfields in Bohai Bay.
The research purpose is to study in stability of borehole wall for BZ13-1 oilfield, optimizing drilling fluid system for reservoir unsteady formation of BZ13-1 oilfield to increase formation pressure bearing ability.And we can use larger range mud density because of formation pressure bearing ability increasing.Ensure BZ13-1 oilfild development to be successful completion.
为实现中海油渤海油田油气年产量3000万方的计划,渤中13-1油田于2009年开始投入开发。该油田前期作业的探井在钻井过程中均发生了较为严重的井漏、井涌与严重气侵、卡钻、井壁失稳等井下复杂情况,严重影响钻井速度。三口探井处理事故和井下复杂时间高达1224.75h,占总钻井时间21.56%。渤中13-1油田做为渤海地区地质条件最为复杂、安全密度窗口最小的油田之一,对钻井及钻井液技术提出了新挑战,要求钻井液必须具备良好的性能,以满足复杂地层的需要,保证油田开发的顺利完成。为了保证渤中13-1油田开发过程中钻井作业的顺利,有必要深入研究该油田地层特性,确定地层孔隙压力、地应力、地层强度特征,明晰钻井过程中的井漏、涌、塌机理,建立地层孔隙压力、漏失压力、坍塌压力剖面,并在此基础上优化井身结构,降低钻井风险,提高钻井速度。针对渤中13-1油田进行井壁稳定和钻井液优化技术研究,不仅能保障该油田的顺利开发,也对渤海湾类似油田的开发都有着重要的借鉴意义。
本文重点对渤中13-1油田的井壁稳定情况进行了三个压力剖面、地应力、岩石强度及井漏的分析,并针对渤中13-1油田的储层和不稳定泥岩地层进行钻井液体系的优化,提高地层的承压能力,扩展钻井液安全密度窗口,保证该油田钻探开发顺利完成。现场9口井的试验表明,所研制的钻井液体系井下作业顺利,未出现任何复杂情况。
Shortage of petroleum resources has been a main problem in the world because the geologic reserve of oil and gas reduces fastly.The onshore area which has never been explored shrinks,while the estimated offshore reserve of oil and gas is considerable since the oceans occupy 70%of the total area of the Earth.Recently,the focus of the oil and gas exploitation in the Bohai Oilfield shifts from the Neocene to the Eogene and thus the well depth increases gradually because the offshore production has lasted for many years.The well problem and complications,such as the small safety window of mud weight,lost circulation, well kick,stuck pipe and wellbore instability have been experienced in the formations of the Eogene.
The Bozhong(BZ)13-1 Oilfield started to be exploited from the year 2009 in order to realize the total oil and gas production of 30 million cubic meters per year in Bohai Oilfields of the China National Offshore Oilfield Corporation(CNOOC).The early drilling operations experienced some downhole complications such as severe lost circulation,well kick,gas invasion,stuck pipe and wellbore instability and therefore the drilling rate was very low.The lost time for solving these complications in 3 exploration wells reached 21.56%of the total drilling time.The BZ13-1 Oilfield is one of the most geologically complicated oilfields in the Bohai Bay and has a very small safety window of mud weight.Therefore,the proper drilling fluid systems are badly required to combat these complications to ensure safe and smooth drilling operations.In order to understand the mechanism of lost circulation,well kick and caving,it is necessary to do some research into the formation lithology and find out the pore pressure,crustal stress and formation intensity and then draw a profile of the pore pressure, lost circulation pressure and caving pressure.These data can be used for the optimization of the casing procedure of a well to reduce the drilling risk and enhance the drilling rate.The research into the mechanism of the wellbore stability and the optimization of the drilling fluid systems not only ensures the smooth exploitation of the BZ13-1 Oilfield,but also helps to accelerate the development of the domestic lost circulation technology and can be worked as a reference to the exploitation of the similar oilfields in Bohai Bay.
The research purpose is to study in stability of borehole wall for BZ13-1 oilfield, optimizing drilling fluid system for reservoir unsteady formation of BZ13-1 oilfield to increase formation pressure bearing ability.And we can use larger range mud density because of formation pressure bearing ability increasing.Ensure BZ13-1 oilfild development to be successful completion.
引文
[1]徐同台.井壁稳定问题[J].钻井液与完井液,1991年增刊:46-48
[2]Houchin,Evaluation and treatment of formation damage caused by organic deposit -ion[R].SPE 84818,2002
[3]纪春茂.海洋钻井液[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1997:1-50
[4]吴常勇.海洋钻井液技术研究与应用现状及发展趋势[J].断块油气田,2005,12(3):69-71
[5]Krueger,R.F.An overview of formation damage and well productivity in oilfield operations[R].SPE 87479,2004
[6]张绍槐,罗平亚.保护储集层技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993,11(1):4-5
[7]Houchin L R.Evaluation of oil-soluble resin SDP-1 an acid-diverting agent[R].SPE 85574,2003
[8]李树斌等.新型环保钻井液体系研究综述[J].油气田环境保护,2004,11(1):17-19
[9]王松,胡三清等.JHY油溶性树脂在小拐断块屏蔽暂堵保护储层技术中的应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,1998,20(2):20-23
[10]费宝生,汪建红.浅论油气层保护技术—以二连盆地阿23井为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(3):71-72
[11]张振华.可循环微泡沫钻井液研究及应用[J].石油学报,2004,25(6):92-93
[12]Chen Guang,Chen Xingyuan et al.The Application of Air and Air/Foam Drilling Technology in Tabnak Gas Field.Southern Iran.SPE 101560,2006
[13]Heller,J P.Kuntamukkula,M.S:“Critical Review of the Foam Rheology Litera -ture”Ind.Eng[R].Chem.Res,1997,26(2)
[14]秦积舜,孟红霞.微泡沫钻井液密度-压力-温度关系测定[J].石油钻探技术,2001,29(3):42-43
[15]周静,谭永生.稳定泡沫流体的机理研究[J].钻采工艺,1999,22(6):75-76
[16]樊西惊.原油对泡沫稳定性的影响[J].油田化学,1997,14(4):12-15
[17]Sudhakar D.Khade,Subhash N.Shah.New Rheological Correlations for Guar Foam Fluids.SPE 87590,2004
[18]费立,陈礼仪.高温对泡沫泥浆的影响[J].钻井液与完井液,1995,12(5):24-25
[19]Sarkis Kakadjian,Benjamin Herzhaft,Laurent Neau.HT/HP rheogoly of Aqueous Compressible Fluids for Underbalanced Drilling Using A Recirculatin Rheometer.SPE 80207,2003
[20]左风江,贾东民,郭卫.可循环微泡沫钻井液技术研究与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,1999,16(5):85-86
[21]Whale G F.Potential Applications of the Microtox Toxicity Test Within the Off -shore Oil Industry[R].SPE 27176,1994
[22]戴向东,易绍金.钻井液化学剂可生物降解性评定方法[J].油气田环境保护,1996,6(3):50-53
[23]张孝华,罗兴树.现代泥浆实验技术[M].山东东营市:石油大学出版社,1999
[24]王富华,邱正松.BYJ系列多功能油层保护剂应用研究[J].油田化学,2002,19(3):196
[25]陈建华,王宝田等.钻井液油层保护技术在史深100油田的应用研究[J].油气采收率技术,1997,4(4):55-61
[26]高长虹.国外20世纪90年代海洋钻井液新技术[J].中国海上油气,2000,12(4):63-66
[27]张克勤等.国外水基钻井液半透膜的研究概述.钻井液与完井液,20(4),2001:1-5
[28]岳前升等.合成基钻井液的研制及其应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2004,21(5):28-31
[29]赵雄虎.渤海中部BZ34-22EW区块防塌钻井液试验研究[J],石油大学学报(自然科学版),22(5):22-24
[30]夏俭英.钻井液有机处理剂[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1991
[31]徐同台等.成膜封堵低侵入保护油层钻井液技术的研讨[J].钻井液与完井液,2006,23(3):66-67
[32]张虎成,王键吉.聚合物与表面活性剂的相互作用[J].大学化学,2001,16(3):40-41
[33]马宝岐,孙风顺.三相泡沫特性的研究[J].油田化学,1992,9(3):16-20
[34]王昌军等.聚合醇的储层保护机理室内研究[J].重庆石油高等专科学校学报,2001,3(4):15-16
[35]王昌军等.聚合醇的储层保护机理室内研究[J].研究重庆石油高等专科学校 校报,2001,3(4):15-16
[36]岳前声等.聚合醇处理剂JLX作用机理研究[J].油田化学,2000,17(1):14-16
[37]王富华,邱正松,王瑞和.保护油气层的防塌钻井液技术研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2004,21(4):50-51
[38]肖进新,赵振国.表面活性剂应用原理[M].化学工业出版社,2003
[39]张虎成,王键吉.聚合物与表面活性剂的相互作用[J].大学化学,2001
[40]蒋庆哲等.表面活性剂科学与应用[M].化学工业出版社,2004
[2]Houchin,Evaluation and treatment of formation damage caused by organic deposit -ion[R].SPE 84818,2002
[3]纪春茂.海洋钻井液[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1997:1-50
[4]吴常勇.海洋钻井液技术研究与应用现状及发展趋势[J].断块油气田,2005,12(3):69-71
[5]Krueger,R.F.An overview of formation damage and well productivity in oilfield operations[R].SPE 87479,2004
[6]张绍槐,罗平亚.保护储集层技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993,11(1):4-5
[7]Houchin L R.Evaluation of oil-soluble resin SDP-1 an acid-diverting agent[R].SPE 85574,2003
[8]李树斌等.新型环保钻井液体系研究综述[J].油气田环境保护,2004,11(1):17-19
[9]王松,胡三清等.JHY油溶性树脂在小拐断块屏蔽暂堵保护储层技术中的应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,1998,20(2):20-23
[10]费宝生,汪建红.浅论油气层保护技术—以二连盆地阿23井为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(3):71-72
[11]张振华.可循环微泡沫钻井液研究及应用[J].石油学报,2004,25(6):92-93
[12]Chen Guang,Chen Xingyuan et al.The Application of Air and Air/Foam Drilling Technology in Tabnak Gas Field.Southern Iran.SPE 101560,2006
[13]Heller,J P.Kuntamukkula,M.S:“Critical Review of the Foam Rheology Litera -ture”Ind.Eng[R].Chem.Res,1997,26(2)
[14]秦积舜,孟红霞.微泡沫钻井液密度-压力-温度关系测定[J].石油钻探技术,2001,29(3):42-43
[15]周静,谭永生.稳定泡沫流体的机理研究[J].钻采工艺,1999,22(6):75-76
[16]樊西惊.原油对泡沫稳定性的影响[J].油田化学,1997,14(4):12-15
[17]Sudhakar D.Khade,Subhash N.Shah.New Rheological Correlations for Guar Foam Fluids.SPE 87590,2004
[18]费立,陈礼仪.高温对泡沫泥浆的影响[J].钻井液与完井液,1995,12(5):24-25
[19]Sarkis Kakadjian,Benjamin Herzhaft,Laurent Neau.HT/HP rheogoly of Aqueous Compressible Fluids for Underbalanced Drilling Using A Recirculatin Rheometer.SPE 80207,2003
[20]左风江,贾东民,郭卫.可循环微泡沫钻井液技术研究与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,1999,16(5):85-86
[21]Whale G F.Potential Applications of the Microtox Toxicity Test Within the Off -shore Oil Industry[R].SPE 27176,1994
[22]戴向东,易绍金.钻井液化学剂可生物降解性评定方法[J].油气田环境保护,1996,6(3):50-53
[23]张孝华,罗兴树.现代泥浆实验技术[M].山东东营市:石油大学出版社,1999
[24]王富华,邱正松.BYJ系列多功能油层保护剂应用研究[J].油田化学,2002,19(3):196
[25]陈建华,王宝田等.钻井液油层保护技术在史深100油田的应用研究[J].油气采收率技术,1997,4(4):55-61
[26]高长虹.国外20世纪90年代海洋钻井液新技术[J].中国海上油气,2000,12(4):63-66
[27]张克勤等.国外水基钻井液半透膜的研究概述.钻井液与完井液,20(4),2001:1-5
[28]岳前升等.合成基钻井液的研制及其应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2004,21(5):28-31
[29]赵雄虎.渤海中部BZ34-22EW区块防塌钻井液试验研究[J],石油大学学报(自然科学版),22(5):22-24
[30]夏俭英.钻井液有机处理剂[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1991
[31]徐同台等.成膜封堵低侵入保护油层钻井液技术的研讨[J].钻井液与完井液,2006,23(3):66-67
[32]张虎成,王键吉.聚合物与表面活性剂的相互作用[J].大学化学,2001,16(3):40-41
[33]马宝岐,孙风顺.三相泡沫特性的研究[J].油田化学,1992,9(3):16-20
[34]王昌军等.聚合醇的储层保护机理室内研究[J].重庆石油高等专科学校学报,2001,3(4):15-16
[35]王昌军等.聚合醇的储层保护机理室内研究[J].研究重庆石油高等专科学校 校报,2001,3(4):15-16
[36]岳前声等.聚合醇处理剂JLX作用机理研究[J].油田化学,2000,17(1):14-16
[37]王富华,邱正松,王瑞和.保护油气层的防塌钻井液技术研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2004,21(4):50-51
[38]肖进新,赵振国.表面活性剂应用原理[M].化学工业出版社,2003
[39]张虎成,王键吉.聚合物与表面活性剂的相互作用[J].大学化学,2001
[40]蒋庆哲等.表面活性剂科学与应用[M].化学工业出版社,2004