基于GSM/GPRS网络的高压输电线路闪络遥测系统的研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的快速发展，电力系统输电线路电压等级的不断提高，闪络（污闪、雷击、覆冰等）故障对国民经济不利的影响越来越严重。人们在详尽的理论分析和大量的高压实验后，发现各种闪络的发生过程是由于绝缘子泄漏电流的变化，因此泄漏电流在线监测是判断线路绝缘子状态的一种有效手段。
本课题讨论高压输电线路闪络遥测系统是经过一年多的市场调研、分析、开发的用于高压输电线路实时监测的高新技术产品。该系统可使管理人员在电网调度中心遥测全网输电线路的绝缘子是否发生了闪络、随时掌握高压输电线路绝缘子的闪络时间、闪络地点、并可判断闪络的起因属于雷击或是污秽等原因，从而从根本上解决依靠工人巡线、登杆查找闪络点的问题，节约大量人力物力；便于及时对线路进行抢修和恢复送电，减少停电损失；同时监控中心软件对线路中杆塔发生闪络事故进行了记录，并在此基础上提供线路闪络情况的量化分析，便于综合分析导致闪络的起因，制定全网切实可行的反事故措施，进一步提高系统的运行水平。
本系统在信号处理上利用不同闪络的发生原理进行电压监视，采用MC34161芯片构成核心电路，进行闪络的捕获并结合气象资料进行类型判别，大大的扩展了系统的功能，克服了传统的闪络监测系统漏报、误报的缺点；在数据传输上采用GSM/GPRS的远程无线数据传输方式，提高了数据传输的可靠性、稳定性和及时性；太阳能供电系统的采用，保证了可靠稳定的系统供电，同时也使系统避免了从高压取电时所受到的潜在绝缘危险；此外本系统还采用了MSP430F1121单片机作为CPU来完成数据的采集、处理和存储等功能，保证了高速的数据处理和多通道的现场数据采集能力。实验室大量试验表明，该系统能准确、有效的对泄漏电流进行远程实时监测并完成数据传输，取得了绝缘子泄漏电流远程在线监测系统研究的阶段性成果。
With the rapid development of the national economy, and continuous rising ofpower system transmission line voltage levels, adverse effects caused by flashover(pollution flashover, lightning strike, ice coating, etc.) failures on national economy aregetting worse and worse. After detailed theoretical analysis and a large number of highpressureexperiments, People find that the occurrence of various flashovers is due to thechange of insulator leakage current; thereby leakage current on-line monitoring is aneffective means of determining the status of insulators.
The high-voltage power transmission line flashover telemetry system discussed in thispaper is a high-tech product used for the real-time monitoring of high-voltage powertransmission lines, finished after more than a year of market research, analysis anddevelopment. The system allows remote management of the entire network telemetrytransmission lines in the Power Grid Dispatch Center, helping to determine whetherinsulators have flashover phenomenon, master at any time the flashover time andflashover location of high-voltage power transmission line insulators, and determine theflashover causes(lightning strike, pollution or other reasons), which has fundamentallysolved the problem of relying on the workers to patrol lines and climbing poles to findflashover points, saving a lot of human and material resources, facilitating the repair oflines, restoration of power transmission, and the reduction of power outage losses. At thesame time, the monitoring and control center software will record flashover accidentsoccurring in circuit poles and towers, and on this basis provide quantitative analysis ofline flashover conditions, convenient for the comprehensive analysis of the causesleading to flashover, working out anti-accident measures practical to the whole network,and further improvement of the system operation performance.
The system, with MC34161 chip as the core circuit, carries out voltage monitoringby using occurrence principles of different flashovers in signal processing, capturesflashovers and determine the types by referencing to meteorological data, greatlyextending the system function, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional flashovermonitoring systems in omissions and misstatements. The use of GSM / GPRS long distance wireless data transmission method improves the reliability, stability andtimeliness of data transmission. The adoption of solar power supply system ensures thereliable and stable system power supply, equally allowing the system to avoid thepotential risk of insulation when taking powers at a high-voltage. In addition, as for thissystem, a MSP430F1121 SCM is used as the CPU to do the work of data collection,processing and storage, ensuring high-speed data processing capacity and multi-channelon-site data collection capacity. A large number of laboratory tests have shown that thesystem can carry out remote real-time monitoring against the leakage current accuratelyand efficiently and data transmission, and has obtained phase achievements in the studyof remote online monitoring system of insulator leakage current.
本课题讨论高压输电线路闪络遥测系统是经过一年多的市场调研、分析、开发的用于高压输电线路实时监测的高新技术产品。该系统可使管理人员在电网调度中心遥测全网输电线路的绝缘子是否发生了闪络、随时掌握高压输电线路绝缘子的闪络时间、闪络地点、并可判断闪络的起因属于雷击或是污秽等原因，从而从根本上解决依靠工人巡线、登杆查找闪络点的问题，节约大量人力物力；便于及时对线路进行抢修和恢复送电，减少停电损失；同时监控中心软件对线路中杆塔发生闪络事故进行了记录，并在此基础上提供线路闪络情况的量化分析，便于综合分析导致闪络的起因，制定全网切实可行的反事故措施，进一步提高系统的运行水平。
本系统在信号处理上利用不同闪络的发生原理进行电压监视，采用MC34161芯片构成核心电路，进行闪络的捕获并结合气象资料进行类型判别，大大的扩展了系统的功能，克服了传统的闪络监测系统漏报、误报的缺点；在数据传输上采用GSM/GPRS的远程无线数据传输方式，提高了数据传输的可靠性、稳定性和及时性；太阳能供电系统的采用，保证了可靠稳定的系统供电，同时也使系统避免了从高压取电时所受到的潜在绝缘危险；此外本系统还采用了MSP430F1121单片机作为CPU来完成数据的采集、处理和存储等功能，保证了高速的数据处理和多通道的现场数据采集能力。实验室大量试验表明，该系统能准确、有效的对泄漏电流进行远程实时监测并完成数据传输，取得了绝缘子泄漏电流远程在线监测系统研究的阶段性成果。
With the rapid development of the national economy, and continuous rising ofpower system transmission line voltage levels, adverse effects caused by flashover(pollution flashover, lightning strike, ice coating, etc.) failures on national economy aregetting worse and worse. After detailed theoretical analysis and a large number of highpressureexperiments, People find that the occurrence of various flashovers is due to thechange of insulator leakage current; thereby leakage current on-line monitoring is aneffective means of determining the status of insulators.
The high-voltage power transmission line flashover telemetry system discussed in thispaper is a high-tech product used for the real-time monitoring of high-voltage powertransmission lines, finished after more than a year of market research, analysis anddevelopment. The system allows remote management of the entire network telemetrytransmission lines in the Power Grid Dispatch Center, helping to determine whetherinsulators have flashover phenomenon, master at any time the flashover time andflashover location of high-voltage power transmission line insulators, and determine theflashover causes(lightning strike, pollution or other reasons), which has fundamentallysolved the problem of relying on the workers to patrol lines and climbing poles to findflashover points, saving a lot of human and material resources, facilitating the repair oflines, restoration of power transmission, and the reduction of power outage losses. At thesame time, the monitoring and control center software will record flashover accidentsoccurring in circuit poles and towers, and on this basis provide quantitative analysis ofline flashover conditions, convenient for the comprehensive analysis of the causesleading to flashover, working out anti-accident measures practical to the whole network,and further improvement of the system operation performance.
The system, with MC34161 chip as the core circuit, carries out voltage monitoringby using occurrence principles of different flashovers in signal processing, capturesflashovers and determine the types by referencing to meteorological data, greatlyextending the system function, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional flashovermonitoring systems in omissions and misstatements. The use of GSM / GPRS long distance wireless data transmission method improves the reliability, stability andtimeliness of data transmission. The adoption of solar power supply system ensures thereliable and stable system power supply, equally allowing the system to avoid thepotential risk of insulation when taking powers at a high-voltage. In addition, as for thissystem, a MSP430F1121 SCM is used as the CPU to do the work of data collection,processing and storage, ensuring high-speed data processing capacity and multi-channelon-site data collection capacity. A large number of laboratory tests have shown that thesystem can carry out remote real-time monitoring against the leakage current accuratelyand efficiently and data transmission, and has obtained phase achievements in the studyof remote online monitoring system of insulator leakage current.
引文
[1]顾乐观、孙才新.电力系统的污秽绝缘[M].重庆重庆大学出版社
[2]蔡伟、杨颜红.污秽绝缘子在线监测系统的设计与实现[J]电力系统自动200226(17):45-48
[3]陈攀、基于无线分组的输电线路绝缘子泄漏电流在线监测系统研究[M].重庆，重庆大学，硕士学位论文。
[4]石永辉.高压绝缘子在线监测及故障定位系统研究[J].高电压技术200329(11): 23-26
[5]刘金华、周永强.绝缘子泄漏电流的在线监测系统[J].华中电力200013(2):8-10.
[6]孙才新、司马文霞、舒立春.大气环境与电气外绝缘[M].北京中国电力出版社2002
[7]邓正龙.污秽绝缘子在线监测系统的设计[J]，西北工业大学，2004 (3):15-67
[8]陈君诚.高压网绝缘子泄漏电流在线监测系统[J] .电测与仪表200212(39) 25-28
[9]金恩淑.配电用绝缘子和绝缘电线的盐害及其防止措施，东北电力学院硕士论文，1999年
[10]齐蓉.污秽绝缘子在线监测系统的设计，西北工业大学硕士论文，2004年
[11]蔡伟、李敏.绝缘子遥测系统中无线通信技术的应用[J].电网技术200327(6):48-51
[12]邓敏、舒开旗.LCM高压绝缘子污秽在线监测系统[J].湖北电力2003 6(27):62-63
[13]顾乐观、孙才新.电力系统的污秽绝缘，重庆大学出版社，重庆，1988
[14]朱德恒、严璋高.电压绝缘，清华大学出版社，北京，1992
[15]孙才新，司马文霞，舒立春.大气环境与电气外绝缘[M].北京:中国电力出版社，2002.
[16]王守礼，李家垣.微地形微气象对送电线路的影响[M]北京:中国电力出版社，1999.
[17]蒋兴良，易辉.输电线路覆冰及防护[明北京:中国电力出版社，2002.
[18]郭应龙，李国兴等.输电线路舞动[M]北京:中国电力出版社，2003.
[19]刘其顺，丁积仁.贵州冰区划分及覆冰预测的研究，覆冰文集[M].贵阳:贵州省电力工业局，贵州省气象科研所，1992.
[20]王守礼，李家垣.云南高海拔地区电线覆冰问题研究[M]云南科技出版社，1993.
[21]孔佩仁.高压输电线路覆冰观测总结[R].南阳地区电业局，1990,7.
[22]张宏志.大面积导线覆冰舞动事故的调查与分析闭东北电力技术,2001(12):15-19.
[23]孙渭清、刘振铎、葛岗云.500kV线路防导线舞动的初探[J].电力技术，1992(7):48-51
[24]杨树林.四川西部及西南部导线覆冰问题分析[J]电力勘测，1997，(12):47-51.
[25] A.E.Vlastos.Leakage Current Data Acquisition System for Field Tests ofPolymeric Insulators.In:8th International Symposium on High VoltageEngineering,Yokohama,JAPAN:1993,205-208
[26] D.M.Leite,P.L.Teixeira,et al. Registration Instruments for Measurements ofLeakage Currents on Polluted Insulators.In:6th International Symposium on HighVoltage Engineering New Orleans,LA,USA:August 28,1989
[27]张小松.雷电对供电系统和电器的危害分析及防御。楚雄师范学院学报2006.03:81-83
[28] M. Farzaneh，J. Zhang. Modeling of DC arc discharge[C]. IEEE ProceedingsGeneration，Tra nsm iss ionan dD isrtibution.20 00，14 7(2)，pp .81-86.
[29] L .C .Phan，H .Matsuo.Minimum flashoverv oltageo ficedi nsulators[D].IEEETransactionson Electr ica lIn sulation，1983，6，pp .123-127
[30] Chen Xing. Modeling of electrical arc on polluted Icesurface[D].Canada: PH.D Dissertation，2000
[31] H. T Bui，L. C. Phan，etal. HVDC flashover on the surface of conductiveice[C]. IEEE Intenr ational Symposium on ElectricalIn sulation，Monrteal，Canada，1984，pp .85-88.
[32] ETPRO++ GPRS IP调制解调器产品接口说明，深圳市倚天科技开发有限公司2003：10-12
[33] Siemens. AT Command Set. Germany Siemens July 2002
[34] Connect One. AT+i Programmer’s Manual. USA Connect One Ltd. Nov 2000
[35]章坚武等.移动通信第1版西安，西安电子科技大学出版社2003：135-146
[36]钱照明、程肇基.电力电子系统电磁兼容设计基础及干扰抑制技术，浙江大学出版社，2000年12月
[37]张田乾、张希峰.“架空电力线路的防雷保护”，电源技术应用，2005年7月:41-42,49
[38]钱永林，卞荣，"220kV输电线路对城区环境影响的分析”，电力建设，2005年4月: 60-62
[39]林晓宇、陈仕修、张晓敏.“高压输电线路电晕放电电磁辐射影响分析”，电力环境保护，2004年9月:60-62
[40]张亚萍、吴继中.LJC型线路绝缘子污秽监测报警器[J].高电压技术,2000,26(6):26
[41]任海鹏变电站绝缘子污秽闪络在线监测技术[J].电工技术学报2002,17(73): 77-80.
[42] A.Kosugi. The Diagnosis of Insulator Using Artificial NeuralNetwork in Distribution Lines. NGK.Rev.(Overseas Ed),1993,93(17)：56-59
[2]蔡伟、杨颜红.污秽绝缘子在线监测系统的设计与实现[J]电力系统自动200226(17):45-48
[3]陈攀、基于无线分组的输电线路绝缘子泄漏电流在线监测系统研究[M].重庆，重庆大学，硕士学位论文。
[4]石永辉.高压绝缘子在线监测及故障定位系统研究[J].高电压技术200329(11): 23-26
[5]刘金华、周永强.绝缘子泄漏电流的在线监测系统[J].华中电力200013(2):8-10.
[6]孙才新、司马文霞、舒立春.大气环境与电气外绝缘[M].北京中国电力出版社2002
[7]邓正龙.污秽绝缘子在线监测系统的设计[J]，西北工业大学，2004 (3):15-67
[8]陈君诚.高压网绝缘子泄漏电流在线监测系统[J] .电测与仪表200212(39) 25-28
[9]金恩淑.配电用绝缘子和绝缘电线的盐害及其防止措施，东北电力学院硕士论文，1999年
[10]齐蓉.污秽绝缘子在线监测系统的设计，西北工业大学硕士论文，2004年
[11]蔡伟、李敏.绝缘子遥测系统中无线通信技术的应用[J].电网技术200327(6):48-51
[12]邓敏、舒开旗.LCM高压绝缘子污秽在线监测系统[J].湖北电力2003 6(27):62-63
[13]顾乐观、孙才新.电力系统的污秽绝缘，重庆大学出版社，重庆，1988
[14]朱德恒、严璋高.电压绝缘，清华大学出版社，北京，1992
[15]孙才新，司马文霞，舒立春.大气环境与电气外绝缘[M].北京:中国电力出版社，2002.
[16]王守礼，李家垣.微地形微气象对送电线路的影响[M]北京:中国电力出版社，1999.
[17]蒋兴良，易辉.输电线路覆冰及防护[明北京:中国电力出版社，2002.
[18]郭应龙，李国兴等.输电线路舞动[M]北京:中国电力出版社，2003.
[19]刘其顺，丁积仁.贵州冰区划分及覆冰预测的研究，覆冰文集[M].贵阳:贵州省电力工业局，贵州省气象科研所，1992.
[20]王守礼，李家垣.云南高海拔地区电线覆冰问题研究[M]云南科技出版社，1993.
[21]孔佩仁.高压输电线路覆冰观测总结[R].南阳地区电业局，1990,7.
[22]张宏志.大面积导线覆冰舞动事故的调查与分析闭东北电力技术,2001(12):15-19.
[23]孙渭清、刘振铎、葛岗云.500kV线路防导线舞动的初探[J].电力技术，1992(7):48-51
[24]杨树林.四川西部及西南部导线覆冰问题分析[J]电力勘测，1997，(12):47-51.
[25] A.E.Vlastos.Leakage Current Data Acquisition System for Field Tests ofPolymeric Insulators.In:8th International Symposium on High VoltageEngineering,Yokohama,JAPAN:1993,205-208
[26] D.M.Leite,P.L.Teixeira,et al. Registration Instruments for Measurements ofLeakage Currents on Polluted Insulators.In:6th International Symposium on HighVoltage Engineering New Orleans,LA,USA:August 28,1989
[27]张小松.雷电对供电系统和电器的危害分析及防御。楚雄师范学院学报2006.03:81-83
[28] M. Farzaneh，J. Zhang. Modeling of DC arc discharge[C]. IEEE ProceedingsGeneration，Tra nsm iss ionan dD isrtibution.20 00，14 7(2)，pp .81-86.
[29] L .C .Phan，H .Matsuo.Minimum flashoverv oltageo ficedi nsulators[D].IEEETransactionson Electr ica lIn sulation，1983，6，pp .123-127
[30] Chen Xing. Modeling of electrical arc on polluted Icesurface[D].Canada: PH.D Dissertation，2000
[31] H. T Bui，L. C. Phan，etal. HVDC flashover on the surface of conductiveice[C]. IEEE Intenr ational Symposium on ElectricalIn sulation，Monrteal，Canada，1984，pp .85-88.
[32] ETPRO++ GPRS IP调制解调器产品接口说明，深圳市倚天科技开发有限公司2003：10-12
[33] Siemens. AT Command Set. Germany Siemens July 2002
[34] Connect One. AT+i Programmer’s Manual. USA Connect One Ltd. Nov 2000
[35]章坚武等.移动通信第1版西安，西安电子科技大学出版社2003：135-146
[36]钱照明、程肇基.电力电子系统电磁兼容设计基础及干扰抑制技术，浙江大学出版社，2000年12月
[37]张田乾、张希峰.“架空电力线路的防雷保护”，电源技术应用，2005年7月:41-42,49
[38]钱永林，卞荣，"220kV输电线路对城区环境影响的分析”，电力建设，2005年4月: 60-62
[39]林晓宇、陈仕修、张晓敏.“高压输电线路电晕放电电磁辐射影响分析”，电力环境保护，2004年9月:60-62
[40]张亚萍、吴继中.LJC型线路绝缘子污秽监测报警器[J].高电压技术,2000,26(6):26
[41]任海鹏变电站绝缘子污秽闪络在线监测技术[J].电工技术学报2002,17(73): 77-80.
[42] A.Kosugi. The Diagnosis of Insulator Using Artificial NeuralNetwork in Distribution Lines. NGK.Rev.(Overseas Ed),1993,93(17)：56-59